Pub Date : 2009-11-18DOI: 10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47924
F. Odey, M. Anah, V. Ansa, J. Ogbeche, M. Meremikwu, E. Ekanem
Hypertension is a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been shown to track from adolescence to adulthood. Pre-hypertension refers to consistent systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) measurement between 90 - KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Pre-hypertension, healthy adolescents.
{"title":"Pre-Hypertension And Hypertension In Apparently Healthy Adolescents In Calabar, Nigeria.","authors":"F. Odey, M. Anah, V. Ansa, J. Ogbeche, M. Meremikwu, E. Ekanem","doi":"10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47924","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been shown to track from adolescence to adulthood. Pre-hypertension refers to consistent systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) measurement between 90 - KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Pre-hypertension, healthy adolescents.","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-18DOI: 10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47926
A. Udo, M. Ekott, E. Ekanem, C. Iklaki, O. Udofia, E. Udoma
Reports of a rising incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the country and beyond prompted this study to determine the incidence in Calabar over two time frames. Information from ward registers and case notes of EP patients who presented to the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from 1991 to 1995 were analyzed and compared with records of those who presented from 1996 to 2000. In the second half of the study period, the incidence was 3.30 per 100 deliveries, significantly higher than 2.19% in the first (p = 0.0008). The mean age of EP patients was 26.2 (sd = 5.38), significantly lower than 28.8 (sd = 5.99) for women who delivered in the same period (p 0.05). The incidence of EP appears to be rising in Calabar and puerperal infections may be important in the rise. Population-based prospective studies are necessary to confirm the findings. KEYWORDS: Ectopic Pregnancy, Calabar, Nigeria
{"title":"Incidence Of Ectopic Pregnancy In Calabar, Nigeria: Two Halves Of The Last Decade Compared","authors":"A. Udo, M. Ekott, E. Ekanem, C. Iklaki, O. Udofia, E. Udoma","doi":"10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47926","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of a rising incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the country and beyond prompted this study to determine the incidence in Calabar over two time frames. Information from ward registers and case notes of EP patients who presented to the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from 1991 to 1995 were analyzed and compared with records of those who presented from 1996 to 2000. In the second half of the study period, the incidence was 3.30 per 100 deliveries, significantly higher than 2.19% in the first (p = 0.0008). The mean age of EP patients was 26.2 (sd = 5.38), significantly lower than 28.8 (sd = 5.99) for women who delivered in the same period (p 0.05). The incidence of EP appears to be rising in Calabar and puerperal infections may be important in the rise. Population-based prospective studies are necessary to confirm the findings. \u0000 \u0000 KEYWORDS: Ectopic Pregnancy, Calabar, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-18DOI: 10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47927
A. Abasiattai, A. Umoiyoho, Nm Utuk, E. Udoma
This retrospective study analyzes the seminal fluid indices of 633 male partners of infertile couples at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a four year period. All the laboratory records on seminal fluid analysis between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2006 were reviewed. The seminal fluid characteristics of the patients were determined and the abnormalities classified according to the World health organisation guidelines. Five hundred (79.0%) of the men had abnormal seminal fluid parameters. About 56.0% of the subjects were asthenozoospermic, 38.9% were oligozoospermic, 2.8% had teratozoospermia while 7.0% had azoospermia. The significant contribution of the male factor to infertility in our environment is highlighted. The need for the encouragement of male partners of infertile couples to avail themselves for proper infertility evaluation and the advantages of early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in men is stressed. KEY WORDS: Male infertility, seminal fluid indices, Uyo
{"title":"Seminal Fluid Indices Of Male Partners Of Infertile Couples In Uyo, Nigeria","authors":"A. Abasiattai, A. Umoiyoho, Nm Utuk, E. Udoma","doi":"10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47927","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study analyzes the seminal fluid indices of 633 male partners of infertile couples at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a four year period. All the laboratory records on seminal fluid analysis between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2006 were reviewed. The seminal fluid characteristics of the patients were determined and the abnormalities classified according to the World health organisation guidelines. Five hundred (79.0%) of the men had abnormal seminal fluid parameters. About 56.0% of the subjects were asthenozoospermic, 38.9% were oligozoospermic, 2.8% had teratozoospermia while 7.0% had azoospermia. The significant contribution of the male factor to infertility in our environment is highlighted. The need for the encouragement of male partners of infertile couples to avail themselves for proper infertility evaluation and the advantages of early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in men is stressed. \u0000 \u0000 KEY WORDS: Male infertility, seminal fluid indices, Uyo","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-18DOI: 10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47923
G. Jombo, M. Enenebeaku, S. J. Utsalo
Treatment of enteric fever is increasingly becoming very challenging due to the increasing wave of antibiotic resistance. This study is a review of the contemporary antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species to a wide range of antimicrobial agents was compiled for a period of 10 years (1997-2006). Data was obtained from published articles on both in vitro and in vivo susceptibility patterns of the organism to various drugs during the time interval. Data obtained were analysed using simple descriptive methods. Of the 23,504 isolates of Salmonella species reviewed, they were found to be 98% susceptible to cefepime and carbapenem, 91% to azithromycin, 82.1% to cefixime and 73% to quinolones. Also susceptibility to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, augmentin and amikacin was found to be 11.9%, 10.9%, 13.0%, 16.8%, 46.3%, 38.0%, 54.3%, 6.9% and 63.0% respectively. This review has demonstrated increasing resistance of Salmonella species to antibiotics. Empirical treatment for enteric fevers should, therefore, be discouraged while quinolones, cefepime, carbapenem, azithromycin and third generation cephalosporins be given preference. KEY WORDS: Susceptibility, Antimicrobial, Salmonella species, Enteric fever
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Salmonella Species In Contemporary Medical Practice: Challenges And Prospects In Treatment Of Enteric Fevers","authors":"G. Jombo, M. Enenebeaku, S. J. Utsalo","doi":"10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47923","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of enteric fever is increasingly becoming very challenging due to the increasing wave of antibiotic resistance. This study is a review of the contemporary antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species to a wide range of antimicrobial agents was compiled for a period of 10 years (1997-2006). Data was obtained from published articles on both in vitro and in vivo susceptibility patterns of the organism to various drugs during the time interval. Data obtained were analysed using simple descriptive methods. Of the 23,504 isolates of Salmonella species reviewed, they were found to be 98% susceptible to cefepime and carbapenem, 91% to azithromycin, 82.1% to cefixime and 73% to quinolones. Also susceptibility to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, augmentin and amikacin was found to be 11.9%, 10.9%, 13.0%, 16.8%, 46.3%, 38.0%, 54.3%, 6.9% and 63.0% respectively. This review has demonstrated increasing resistance of Salmonella species to antibiotics. Empirical treatment for enteric fevers should, therefore, be discouraged while quinolones, cefepime, carbapenem, azithromycin and third generation cephalosporins be given preference. \u0000 \u0000 KEY WORDS: Susceptibility, Antimicrobial, Salmonella species, Enteric fever","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-18DOI: 10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47929
A. Abasiatta, A. Umoiyoho, E. Udoma, F. Abasiubong, S. Ukafia
This retrospective study was conducted at the maternity unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in the center. The voluntary counselling and testing register, the partner notification and antenatal clinic registers of all patients that booked for antenatal care between 1st July 2005 and 31st December 2007 were reviewed. There were 5,635 new antenatal clients during the study period out of which 464 were confirmed HIV positive resulting in a prevalence of 8.2%. Most of the patients were between 21-30 years (70.0%). About 59.4% of the patients were multiparous while 49.4% booked for antenatal care in the third trimester of pregnancy. HIV was diagnosed in the antenatal clinic in 408 (87.9%) of the patients and 182 (39.2%) received antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy. Only 38.8% of the patients accepted to notify their partners. One hundred and eighty eight patients delivered in the hospital. One hundred and twenty (63.8%) had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 63 (33.5%) were delivered by caesarean section, 3 (1.7%) had assisted vaginal breech delivery and 2 (1.1%) had ventouse delivery. The high prevalence of HIV infection among women pregnant women who have antenatal care in our hospital is highlighted. The intensification of strategies aimed at primary prevention of HIV infection in the community, encouraging all pregnant women to avail themselves of orthodox antenatal care, and the need to emphasize the advantages of self disclosure of serostatus to partners during counselling sessions in the antenatal clinic are advocated. KEY WORDS: HIV Positive women, antenatal attendees, Uyo
{"title":"Prevalence Of HIV Infection Among Antenatal Attendees At Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria","authors":"A. Abasiatta, A. Umoiyoho, E. Udoma, F. Abasiubong, S. Ukafia","doi":"10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47929","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study was conducted at the maternity unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in the center. The voluntary counselling and testing register, the partner notification and antenatal clinic registers of all patients that booked for antenatal care between 1st July 2005 and 31st December 2007 were reviewed. There were 5,635 new antenatal clients during the study period out of which 464 were confirmed HIV positive resulting in a prevalence of 8.2%. Most of the patients were between 21-30 years (70.0%). About 59.4% of the patients were multiparous while 49.4% booked for antenatal care in the third trimester of pregnancy. HIV was diagnosed in the antenatal clinic in 408 (87.9%) of the patients and 182 (39.2%) received antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy. Only 38.8% of the patients accepted to notify their partners. One hundred and eighty eight patients delivered in the hospital. One hundred and twenty (63.8%) had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 63 (33.5%) were delivered by caesarean section, 3 (1.7%) had assisted vaginal breech delivery and 2 (1.1%) had ventouse delivery. The high prevalence of HIV infection among women pregnant women who have antenatal care in our hospital is highlighted. The intensification of strategies aimed at primary prevention of HIV infection in the community, encouraging all pregnant women to avail themselves of orthodox antenatal care, and the need to emphasize the advantages of self disclosure of serostatus to partners during counselling sessions in the antenatal clinic are advocated. \u0000 \u0000 KEY WORDS: HIV Positive women, antenatal attendees, Uyo","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/GJCM.V2I1-2.47929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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