Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique et de ses filiales最新文献

Since about thirty years, no relapsing fever due to Borrelia duttoni is recorded from Madagascar. A survey was conducted in the formerly endemic area, between Soalala and Majunga, in order to collect data on possible cases and to look if the vector, Ornithodoros moubata is still present. No mention of the disease was recorded; all Ornithodoros seem to have completely disappeared in the area, without any clear reason. However, a few O. moubata specimens were recorded from piggeries in Mahasolo, 150 km west of Tananarive, outside the endemic area.

83 cases of mycotic otitis of external ear are reported during a period of 27 months from three departments of otorhinolaryngology in Libreville (Gabon, Central Africa) Prevalence is estimated at about 25% among all infectious otitis. The main functional signs are pruritus, otorrhea, pain and hypoacousia. The physical examination shows masse of white, grey, black or creamy caseous debris, invading the external auditory meatus (EAM) which is sometimes inflammatory. Fungal species responsible of otitis are Aspergillus (54%), yeasts (45%) mainly Candida, infrequently Fusarium (1%). A niger (26%), A. flavus (17%), Candida parapilosis (18%), Candida albicans (9%) are predominant species isolated (70%) among all the 21 species of identified fungi from otomycosis in Gabon. Therapy, done by thorough washing of the ear followed by insertion into the EAM of a wick soaked in Econazole or Amphotericin B, is quickly effective.

An outbreak of cholera occurred in the Prefecture of Gisenyi, Rwanda during the last two months of 1987. From the bacteriologically confirmed cases, the authors report the epidemiological and clinical aspects of this epidemic. Their conclusions show advisability of following each case, the absence in certain patients of the classic symptoms. The efficacy of the prophylactic measures of a single dose of Fanasil taken on contact of patients is disputable.

Among nutritional anaemias caused by the lack of erythropoietic nutriments, iron deficiency is the most frequent. In developing countries, it mainly comes from supply deficiencies. It can also be due to multiple and successive pregnancies, to pathological iron loss, to absorption defects. The study of the iron content of the main kinds of nutriments available in Vietnam and of their absorbability allows nutritionists to give useful advice to the population. Other means (use of drugs, foodstuffs enrichment) together with nutritional and health education are essential to fight efficiently against this major nutritional disease.

A serosurvey of Rift valley fever virus infection has been conducted among 2,410 domestic ruminants (sheep, goats and cattle) from Burkina Faso in 1985, 1986 and 1987. An active circulation of virus was demonstrated and 26.7% of the total animal tested had Rift valley fever virus reacting antibodies. An epizootic was demonstrated retrospectively for 1987 and appears to correspond to the RVF outbreak observed in the same type of sahelian environment during the same year in Mauritania. Analogous ecoclimatic and environmental risk factors are discussed. Others phleboviruses such as Arumowot, Gordil, Saint-Floris, Gabek Forest and Odrenisrou seem to be active in some areas but no evidence of pathogenesis for domestic ruminants was demonstrated.

Through an exhaustive study, the authors have demonstrated a clearly defined area of endemic infection in the North West of the ZIO prefecture, in which 80% of the population centers are affected. The rate of incidence can exceed 50%. Transmission occurs mostly in September and October, by means of ponds; the areas of impounded water appear no to be involved. The spontaneous evolution of the endemic infection was followed in two hamlets for four or five years, respectively. After an "epidemic flash", the rate of incidence decreases in the following year to levels near zero thereafter. They only increase violently after the water sources are reinfected by outsiders to the zone. The observation led the authors to put forth the hypothesis of acquired provisional immunity or a temporary decimation of disease vectors. Finally, the authors underline that presently, all the conditions have been met to allow a control of dracunculiasis in this prefecture.

A study of relations between pruritus after doses of chloroquine and on the one hand the infection by Mansonella perstans (filariasis frequent in some areas but pathogenic) and on the other hand the infection by Onchocerca volvulus (filariasis frequent in some other areas but not very pathogenic) was carried out in two villages in Ivory Coast. It is not possible to show an obvious relation between the presence of pruritus and the two filariasis.

In the town of Edea, where falciparum malaria is hyperendemic, an in vivo study of amodiaquine sensitivity of the local strain of the parasite is performed in school children 6 to 12 years of age: 184 children with parasites in their blood and no chloroquine in their urine are given amodiaquine orally. In 96 children having taken 35 mg per kg body weight of amodiaquine base, none is any longer harboring parasites in his blood as soon as the second day following the end of the 3 days treatment (15 mg/kg body weight the first day, 12 mg/kg the second day and 8 mg/kg the third day). The 73 children having taken 27 mg/kg body weight of amodiaquine base are cleared of their parasites at the rate of 93% on the seventh day of the experiment. The 15 children having only taken 15 mg/kg body weight of amodiaquine base are cleared of their parasites at the rate of 54%. At the utilized doses, amodiaquine is generally well tolerated. Conjunctival hyperhaemia has only been observed as a secondary effect in 9 children among the 184 children treated but this side symptom disappeared soon after the end of the treatment. Aminotransferases blood levels are not modified in the course of the amodiaquine treatment.

The innenkörper is visible in 80% of the cases of microfilariae Loa loa we have studied and stained at pH 7.2. In thick blood film, however, it was not visible. It lies between the middle of the body and the G1 = R1, cell. The central viscus rarely take the form of a single elongated mass, it most often appears moniliform with 2 to 5 granular masses and it is sometimes reduced to a few number of granulations. Its average length is 34 microns. As with W. bancrofti it would appear to have the role of a nutritional reserve.

An investigation of antitoxoplasma antibodies was performed with ELISA among 218 pregnant women in Niamey (Niger). The overall prevalence is of 15.1%. Low prevalence rates are found like in most of the studies conducted in Sahelian Africa.