Background: This case describes a novel application of Molecular Beacons, which are a patented technology, for the detection of DNA in tissue sections from an infectious microbe, namely Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis. A 65-year-old man with Alzheimer’s disease and previously well documented spinal fluid neuroborreliosis eight years prior to death is the subject of this report. Neuroborreliosis in its tertiary from has been linked to some cases of Alzheimer’s disease (1. -4.) Findings: Molecular beacons designed from the flagellin b open reading frame (BBO 147) of Borrelia burgdorferi, strain B31 demonstrated positive fluorescein signals indicating successful probe hybridization with discrete 4 sharply demarcated rounded foci within tissue slides from autopsy hippocampus. Conclusions: Molecular beacons, carefully designed to hybridize only with the DNA of a target pathogen (after a comprehensive search of the entire human genome to confer probe specificity) are powerful molecular interrogators for evidence of tissue infection. The implications of the application are far reaching in the study of neurodegenerative diseases which might (like General Paresis and Tabes Dorsalis) be sequelae of chronic bacterial infection in the central nervous system.
{"title":"Alzheimer Plaques visualized by in situ DNA Hybridization with Molecular Beacons specific for Borrelia – a novel histomorphologic application","authors":"A. MacDONALD","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This case describes a novel application of Molecular Beacons, which are a patented technology, for the detection of DNA in tissue sections from an infectious microbe, namely Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis. A 65-year-old man with Alzheimer’s disease and previously well documented spinal fluid neuroborreliosis eight years prior to death is the subject of this report. Neuroborreliosis in its tertiary from has been linked to some cases of Alzheimer’s disease (1. -4.) Findings: Molecular beacons designed from the flagellin b open reading frame (BBO 147) of Borrelia burgdorferi, strain B31 demonstrated positive fluorescein signals indicating successful probe hybridization with discrete 4 sharply demarcated rounded foci within tissue slides from autopsy hippocampus. Conclusions: Molecular beacons, carefully designed to hybridize only with the DNA of a target pathogen (after a comprehensive search of the entire human genome to confer probe specificity) are powerful molecular interrogators for evidence of tissue infection. The implications of the application are far reaching in the study of neurodegenerative diseases which might (like General Paresis and Tabes Dorsalis) be sequelae of chronic bacterial infection in the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75784298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: APP/PS1 transgenic mice are established natively AD-like animal model. The present study used this animal model to study the effects of stems and leaves flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on APP/PS1 transgenic mice learning and memory ability with Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box test. The results demonstrated that SSF markedly improve the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and the four behavioral tests of Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box are also suitable methods for evaluating the learning and memory ability of animals. Objective: To study the effects of SSF on the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by several behavioral experiment methods. Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group and three doses of SSF treated groups. While, the same period C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the drug group were given continuous daily and orally administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SSF for 77 days. On the day 51 of administration, four behavioral experimental methods, including Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box were supplied to test the learning and memory ability of all mice and continually administered SSF during the test. Results: Compared with the control group, Morris water maze test found that model group mice had a significant longer latency to find the hidden platform, shortened swimming time in the target quadrant, and reduced number of crossing platforms (P<0.05, P<0.01). The detection of jumping platform and dark box showed that the latencies of the model group for jumping off the platform and entering the dark box were significantly shortened, and error times received by electric shocks was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The shuttle box test reported that the number of active avoidance in the model group was significantly decreased, while the times of passive avoidance and non-response were significantly increased (P<0.05, P< 0.01). However, the three doses of SSF markedly shortened or prolonged the latency of APP/PS1 transgenic mice to find the hidden platform, jump off the platform and enter the dark box, as well as reduce the errors times of electric shock (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: SSF can improve the learning and memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by different behavioral test.
{"title":"Effects of Flavonoids from Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Stems and Leaves on Learning and Memory Ability of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: APP/PS1 transgenic mice are established natively AD-like animal model. The present study used this animal model to study the effects of stems and leaves flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on APP/PS1 transgenic mice learning and memory ability with Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box test. The results demonstrated that SSF markedly improve the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and the four behavioral tests of Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box are also suitable methods for evaluating the learning and memory ability of animals. Objective: To study the effects of SSF on the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by several behavioral experiment methods. Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group and three doses of SSF treated groups. While, the same period C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the drug group were given continuous daily and orally administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SSF for 77 days. On the day 51 of administration, four behavioral experimental methods, including Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box were supplied to test the learning and memory ability of all mice and continually administered SSF during the test. Results: Compared with the control group, Morris water maze test found that model group mice had a significant longer latency to find the hidden platform, shortened swimming time in the target quadrant, and reduced number of crossing platforms (P<0.05, P<0.01). The detection of jumping platform and dark box showed that the latencies of the model group for jumping off the platform and entering the dark box were significantly shortened, and error times received by electric shocks was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The shuttle box test reported that the number of active avoidance in the model group was significantly decreased, while the times of passive avoidance and non-response were significantly increased (P<0.05, P< 0.01). However, the three doses of SSF markedly shortened or prolonged the latency of APP/PS1 transgenic mice to find the hidden platform, jump off the platform and enter the dark box, as well as reduce the errors times of electric shock (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: SSF can improve the learning and memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by different behavioral test.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83474629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem is embedded archetype information within the infinite potentiality of the cosmos. So does any human pathology, syndrome, disease, and unhealthy lifestyle. But this potentiality in our days shows an alarming increase. The COVID 19 pandemic is a good example. A single-cell organism, equipped with an unseen -for the naked eye- protein (SARS-CoV-2 S), has created a worldwide pandemonium. All of a sudden, from a “zoonotic” animal origin (and not an artificial one) virus, our external environment and internal ecosystem are in jeopardy. A black cloud of fear, confusion, disorder, madness, insecurity, agony, illness and death is swirling like the perfect storm around us. And all these frightening “bat-terfly effects” from a tiny, invisible intruder. However, if you see the whole phenomenon from a different perspective (anamorphosis), sometimes from something big, one can understand the offset powers of something small; the abstract notions of size, level, symmetry and balance (equilibrium). The more we zoom into the complex world of the problem, our microscope-like attitude enlarges it. As a result, we get absorbed and, one by one, become coalesced, making it bigger and bigger. But the truth is that a minuscule virus is inside a big world, and not a big world inside a tiny virus. And this world is not a beautiful place. It is not a moral, righteous, reasonable creation of angels.
{"title":"I have the floor: Naturopathy or Naturosophy?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The problem is embedded archetype information within the infinite potentiality of the cosmos. So does any human pathology, syndrome, disease, and unhealthy lifestyle. But this potentiality in our days shows an alarming increase. The COVID 19 pandemic is a good example. A single-cell organism, equipped with an unseen -for the naked eye- protein (SARS-CoV-2 S), has created a worldwide pandemonium. All of a sudden, from a “zoonotic” animal origin (and not an artificial one) virus, our external environment and internal ecosystem are in jeopardy. A black cloud of fear, confusion, disorder, madness, insecurity, agony, illness and death is swirling like the perfect storm around us. And all these frightening “bat-terfly effects” from a tiny, invisible intruder. However, if you see the whole phenomenon from a different perspective (anamorphosis), sometimes from something big, one can understand the offset powers of something small; the abstract notions of size, level, symmetry and balance (equilibrium). The more we zoom into the complex world of the problem, our microscope-like attitude enlarges it. As a result, we get absorbed and, one by one, become coalesced, making it bigger and bigger. But the truth is that a minuscule virus is inside a big world, and not a big world inside a tiny virus. And this world is not a beautiful place. It is not a moral, righteous, reasonable creation of angels.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84612036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: School-based oral health programs enhance the oral health knowledge, practices and attitudes of children by employing oral health education, promotion, prevention, treatment and/or referral services to reduce the prevalence of oral diseases among school children. Periodic evaluation of School Oral Health Programs is essential to assess the impact of the program, its effectiveness, acceptability and to promote quality improvement. Objective: To explore the parents’ views on Asnani (My Teeth) School Oral Health Program. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, exploratory, cross sectional study was conducted among parents of children in public primary schools of Qatar, who had participated in Asnani (My Teeth) School Oral Health Program. Primary data on parents’ views, experiences, opinions and suggestions towards Asnani School Oral Health Program was obtained utilizing open-ended questionnaires. Thematic analysis was employed for the organization of the rich descriptive data, while deriving at themes which convey the explicit and implicit interpretation of the data collected. Results: Qualitative responses from 359 parents revealed five principal themes i.e. Perceived value, Reinforcement of Oral Health Education and Promotion, Frequent dental check-ups, Continuity of care and Additional school-based activities. Conclusion: Perceptions of parents regarding the Asnani School Oral Health Program disclosed in this study provide valuable insights about their acceptability of this school based oral health program. The results are also encouraging as the parents realize the importance of oral health for their children and recommended need for reinforcement of the oral health education and promotion.
{"title":"An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Parents’ Views on a School Oral Health Program","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: School-based oral health programs enhance the oral health knowledge, practices and attitudes of children by employing oral health education, promotion, prevention, treatment and/or referral services to reduce the prevalence of oral diseases among school children. Periodic evaluation of School Oral Health Programs is essential to assess the impact of the program, its effectiveness, acceptability and to promote quality improvement. Objective: To explore the parents’ views on Asnani (My Teeth) School Oral Health Program. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, exploratory, cross sectional study was conducted among parents of children in public primary schools of Qatar, who had participated in Asnani (My Teeth) School Oral Health Program. Primary data on parents’ views, experiences, opinions and suggestions towards Asnani School Oral Health Program was obtained utilizing open-ended questionnaires. Thematic analysis was employed for the organization of the rich descriptive data, while deriving at themes which convey the explicit and implicit interpretation of the data collected. Results: Qualitative responses from 359 parents revealed five principal themes i.e. Perceived value, Reinforcement of Oral Health Education and Promotion, Frequent dental check-ups, Continuity of care and Additional school-based activities. Conclusion: Perceptions of parents regarding the Asnani School Oral Health Program disclosed in this study provide valuable insights about their acceptability of this school based oral health program. The results are also encouraging as the parents realize the importance of oral health for their children and recommended need for reinforcement of the oral health education and promotion.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88562612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conglomeration of microbial life on a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix for mutual co-existence and protection against external aggression and adverse environmental conditions best describe biofilms. This community of microorganisms confers a number of survival and nutritional benefits to members while at the same time portend great ecological and health concern. Biofilms can form on virtually any surface; terrestrial, aquatic, plants, animals and on medical devices and implants. The ability of biofilms to disperse from the parental stalk ensures continuous survival and spread within their ecological niche. Biofilm organisms therefore possess unique survival mechanisms over their plancktonic form and have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of infectious microorganisms. This review highlights trends in the understanding of biofilms and emphasized their health significance.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Biofilm Persistence on Different Surfaces, Spread and Pathogenicity","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The conglomeration of microbial life on a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix for mutual co-existence and protection against external aggression and adverse environmental conditions best describe biofilms. This community of microorganisms confers a number of survival and nutritional benefits to members while at the same time portend great ecological and health concern. Biofilms can form on virtually any surface; terrestrial, aquatic, plants, animals and on medical devices and implants. The ability of biofilms to disperse from the parental stalk ensures continuous survival and spread within their ecological niche. Biofilm organisms therefore possess unique survival mechanisms over their plancktonic form and have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of infectious microorganisms. This review highlights trends in the understanding of biofilms and emphasized their health significance.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91384961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cervicogenic headaches (CGH) can be the result of dysfunction of the upper cervical spine. Due to the soft tissue connection between muscle, cervical fascia, and dura, this region might contribute to the development of CGH. Objective: Evaluate if subjects with CGH have neural tension signs. The secondary objective was to investigate if a correlation between the position and mobility of atlas and cervicogenic headaches exists. Methods: 60 Subjects were recruited. Self-reported outcome measures, passive neck flexion rotation test, upper limb tension test (ULTT), slump test, and straight leg raise test (SLR) were assessed. Results: There was a significant difference in atlanto-axial rotation to the right with p=0.025. There was no statistical significance in left rotation. There was no significant relationship between CGH, ULTT, slump and SLR with P>0.05. Atlas position was significantly related to CGH with P<0.001, and position of the atlas was significantly related to atlanto-axial motion with p<0.001. Discussion: There is a direct relationship between the position and mobility of atlas and CGH. Fascial connections between structures could result in dural tension and should be considered when managing patients with CGH. The use of the ULTT, Slump test, and SLR test does not appear to be beneficial in identifying those with CGH.
{"title":"Does Cervicogenic Headache Result in the Presence of Neural Tension, and Does this Affect the Position and Mobility of Atlas?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervicogenic headaches (CGH) can be the result of dysfunction of the upper cervical spine. Due to the soft tissue connection between muscle, cervical fascia, and dura, this region might contribute to the development of CGH. Objective: Evaluate if subjects with CGH have neural tension signs. The secondary objective was to investigate if a correlation between the position and mobility of atlas and cervicogenic headaches exists. Methods: 60 Subjects were recruited. Self-reported outcome measures, passive neck flexion rotation test, upper limb tension test (ULTT), slump test, and straight leg raise test (SLR) were assessed. Results: There was a significant difference in atlanto-axial rotation to the right with p=0.025. There was no statistical significance in left rotation. There was no significant relationship between CGH, ULTT, slump and SLR with P>0.05. Atlas position was significantly related to CGH with P<0.001, and position of the atlas was significantly related to atlanto-axial motion with p<0.001. Discussion: There is a direct relationship between the position and mobility of atlas and CGH. Fascial connections between structures could result in dural tension and should be considered when managing patients with CGH. The use of the ULTT, Slump test, and SLR test does not appear to be beneficial in identifying those with CGH.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79556189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Recommendations of the European Thyroid Association’2014 have been widespread among the medical community for many years. In them as well as in the latest Recommendations of the American Thyroid Association’2017 the first recommendation is related to the development of population-based reference limits based on data from the local population. The aim is to study the current functional thyroid status in pregnant Bulgarian women and to carefully assess in the light of modern understandings the specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach for our population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study, which included 547 pregnant women, mean age 30 ± 5 years. Fasting morning venous blood (TSH, FT4, TPOAb - determined by ECLIA method) and fresh morning urine sample (to determine urine iodine concentration) was taken, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was performed. Results: Based on the accepted cut-off for TSH according to the Recommendations of ETA’2014, the studied pregnant women were divided into six groups: Subclinical and Clinical hypothyroidism; Subclinical and Clinical hyperthyroidism; Euthyroid; Low T4 syndrome. Almost 2/3 of pregnant women have TSH < 2.5 mIU / L. Undiagnosed hypothyroidism is present in 121 pregnant women (22%), which is a bad feature of our health system. The data were analyzed in two TSH cut-offs (ETA’2014 and ATA’2017) and it was found that the increase in TSH cut-off for the first trimester did not change the absolute number of undiagnosed and untreated pregnant women with Clinical hypothyroidism, increasing 2.5 times its relative share, from 25.6% reaching 63.3% of all undiagnosed cases of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Increasing the cut-off of TSH would unrealistically calm and neglect the follow-up of the pregnant women which is very dangerous. Efforts should focus on early screening for verbally identified risk factors. Of course, it is necessary to develop a national standard for TSH, which would serve more accurately to assess the thyroid status of pregnant women in the Bulgarian population.
{"title":"Frequency and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women – screening of 547 women in Bulgaria","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Recommendations of the European Thyroid Association’2014 have been widespread among the medical community for many years. In them as well as in the latest Recommendations of the American Thyroid Association’2017 the first recommendation is related to the development of population-based reference limits based on data from the local population. The aim is to study the current functional thyroid status in pregnant Bulgarian women and to carefully assess in the light of modern understandings the specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach for our population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study, which included 547 pregnant women, mean age 30 ± 5 years. Fasting morning venous blood (TSH, FT4, TPOAb - determined by ECLIA method) and fresh morning urine sample (to determine urine iodine concentration) was taken, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was performed. Results: Based on the accepted cut-off for TSH according to the Recommendations of ETA’2014, the studied pregnant women were divided into six groups: Subclinical and Clinical hypothyroidism; Subclinical and Clinical hyperthyroidism; Euthyroid; Low T4 syndrome. Almost 2/3 of pregnant women have TSH < 2.5 mIU / L. Undiagnosed hypothyroidism is present in 121 pregnant women (22%), which is a bad feature of our health system. The data were analyzed in two TSH cut-offs (ETA’2014 and ATA’2017) and it was found that the increase in TSH cut-off for the first trimester did not change the absolute number of undiagnosed and untreated pregnant women with Clinical hypothyroidism, increasing 2.5 times its relative share, from 25.6% reaching 63.3% of all undiagnosed cases of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Increasing the cut-off of TSH would unrealistically calm and neglect the follow-up of the pregnant women which is very dangerous. Efforts should focus on early screening for verbally identified risk factors. Of course, it is necessary to develop a national standard for TSH, which would serve more accurately to assess the thyroid status of pregnant women in the Bulgarian population.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77696492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transplantation of organs and tissues became a medical reality in the 1950s. Fundamentally, it generated the possibility, never achieved except by haemodialysis in the case of the kidney, to solve end-stage organ failure.
{"title":"A Political-Health Emergency: Ending Social Tragedy of Organ Shortage","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The transplantation of organs and tissues became a medical reality in the 1950s. Fundamentally, it generated the possibility, never achieved except by haemodialysis in the case of the kidney, to solve end-stage organ failure.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.M.P.F. de Oliveira, A. Chaves, Tarley Pessoa de Barros, Rubens Guimarães Teixeira, R. Grillo
Bone metabolism is gaining more prominence due to osseointegrated implants. Even after a minimally traumatic tooth extraction, there are natural reductions and losses in the proportions of the alveolar bone and other periodontal tissues. Maintaining these dimensions has become a challenge for researchers. Immediate implants are set in the same surgical act as tooth extraction. Implants are recommended aiming at reducing the waiting time for bone repair and thus offering the necessary stimuli to the bone for its dimensional, functional, and esthetic maintenance. Planning prior to immediate setting should take into account anatomical variations and even anomalies mainly related to the dimensions and number of tooth roots. Among the general factors of anatomical variation, those related to Gender, Age, Biotype, and Ethnicity stand out. These data were provided in studies carried out by several authors in several countries, correlating them with the dimensions and number of tooth roots. A selection of works using measurement methods as Cone Beam Computed Tomography or direct measurements in extracted teeth was carried out. Studies confirm that Panoramic Radiography presents greater distortions and does not provide sharpness for dimensional boundary markings. Significant data were obtained and confirm the correlation of these general factors of anatomical variation with the length and number of tooth roots. Further studies need to be carried out, in order to provide clinicians with details of these variants, important in the planning and prior choice of the best shape and size of the dental implant to be installed.
{"title":"General Factors of Anatomical Variation on the Size and Number of Dental Roots Influencing the Choice of Immediate Implants","authors":"J.M.P.F. de Oliveira, A. Chaves, Tarley Pessoa de Barros, Rubens Guimarães Teixeira, R. Grillo","doi":"10.33140/mcr.06.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.06.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"Bone metabolism is gaining more prominence due to osseointegrated implants. Even after a minimally traumatic tooth extraction, there are natural reductions and losses in the proportions of the alveolar bone and other periodontal tissues. Maintaining these dimensions has become a challenge for researchers. Immediate implants are set in the same surgical act as tooth extraction. Implants are recommended aiming at reducing the waiting time for bone repair and thus offering the necessary stimuli to the bone for its dimensional, functional, and esthetic maintenance. Planning prior to immediate setting should take into account anatomical variations and even anomalies mainly related to the dimensions and number of tooth roots. Among the general factors of anatomical variation, those related to Gender, Age, Biotype, and Ethnicity stand out. These data were provided in studies carried out by several authors in several countries, correlating them with the dimensions and number of tooth roots. A selection of works using measurement methods as Cone Beam Computed Tomography or direct measurements in extracted teeth was carried out. Studies confirm that Panoramic Radiography presents greater distortions and does not provide sharpness for dimensional boundary markings. Significant data were obtained and confirm the correlation of these general factors of anatomical variation with the length and number of tooth roots. Further studies need to be carried out, in order to provide clinicians with details of these variants, important in the planning and prior choice of the best shape and size of the dental implant to be installed.","PeriodicalId":9304,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82718859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Trujillo, Idaisy Guerra Estévez, Nadia Alejandra Castillo Niño, Mayra Ortega, Arciniegas, T. Guerra, Yetter Cruz León, Ángela Rosa Gutiérrez Rojas
Introduction: The chemical peel consists of the application of chemical exfoliants that eliminate the layers of the skin so that it can regenerate with an improved texture and pigmentation. It is currently a valuable therapy in dermatology, however, few studies objectively evaluate its efficacy. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peeling with 25% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of facial skin rejuvenation. Method: An observational, analytical and longitudinal study was carried out in 250 patients from two hospitals (Surgical Clinic: “Hermanos Ameijeiras” and General Teaching: “Enrique Cabrera”), in the period between January 2010 and January 2020. Treatment It was applied monthly for 6 months. The final evaluation was carried out 3 months after the end of the treatment. Results: 238 women and 12 men were treated with an average age of 30.5 (± 8.4) years. After treatment, there were significant changes in the Glogau Photo Damage Scale (P=0.012), in the Lemperle Wrinkle Assessment Scale (P=0.016) and in the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (P=0.021). The adverse events found were burning, inflammation and scaling. The degree of satisfaction reported by the patients was good (4.4%) and very good (95.6%) (P=0.011). Conclusion: The 25% trichloroacetic acid peel proved to be effective and safe to reduce the signs of facial skin aging, associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction.
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