Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2023.05.555668
M. Gomez
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare immune-mediated complication of heparin therapy, characterized by a decrease in platelet count by more than 50% of the baseline. Typically occurs between 5 to 10 days after the initiation of heparin. Incidence in the United States ranges from 0.2% to 3.0%, depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. HIT has been categorized into two types: HIT type I and II. While HIT type I is a benign, non-immune mediated response presenting with mild self-limited thrombocytopenia, HIT type II is a severe, immune-mediated, potentially fatal complication that requires urgent diagnosis and management. Moreover, Type II is the most common form of HIT. Signs and symptoms may include a sudden onset of pain, redness, and swelling or ecchymosis in extremities. For diagnosis, the 4Ts score is a widely used clinical scoring system that can help assess the probability of HIT based on the timing of thrombocytopenia onset, degree of thrombocytopenia, presence of thrombosis, and other clinical factors. Diagnostic confirmation can be pursued with the help of immunoassays or functional assays such as ELISA and/or SRA. The first step in managing HIT is to discontinue all heparin exposure. Secondly, non-heparin anticoagulation medication must be initiated quickly. As a final step, it may be necessary to switch from parenteral to oral anticoagulation following the resolution of HIT.
{"title":"Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia: A Narrative Review of Clinical Implications","authors":"M. Gomez","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2023.05.555668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2023.05.555668","url":null,"abstract":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare immune-mediated complication of heparin therapy, characterized by a decrease in platelet count by more than 50% of the baseline. Typically occurs between 5 to 10 days after the initiation of heparin. Incidence in the United States ranges from 0.2% to 3.0%, depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. HIT has been categorized into two types: HIT type I and II. While HIT type I is a benign, non-immune mediated response presenting with mild self-limited thrombocytopenia, HIT type II is a severe, immune-mediated, potentially fatal complication that requires urgent diagnosis and management. Moreover, Type II is the most common form of HIT. Signs and symptoms may include a sudden onset of pain, redness, and swelling or ecchymosis in extremities. For diagnosis, the 4Ts score is a widely used clinical scoring system that can help assess the probability of HIT based on the timing of thrombocytopenia onset, degree of thrombocytopenia, presence of thrombosis, and other clinical factors. Diagnostic confirmation can be pursued with the help of immunoassays or functional assays such as ELISA and/or SRA. The first step in managing HIT is to discontinue all heparin exposure. Secondly, non-heparin anticoagulation medication must be initiated quickly. As a final step, it may be necessary to switch from parenteral to oral anticoagulation following the resolution of HIT.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42129822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555665
Kinjal S. Gamit
{"title":"Chemokine Ligand 2 – Chemokines Receptor 2 As A Noval Drug Target","authors":"Kinjal S. Gamit","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555664
Quanjun Wang
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a fifth most continual diagnosed cancer, acquires large amounts of free fatty acids (FAs) to promote cell growth. But how the cancer avoids lipotoxicity is unknown. Here, we discussed some lip toxicity research in HCC. Targeting molecules related to lipotoxicity could be a promising therapeutic approach for HCC.
{"title":"Advances in Lipotoxicity Research on Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Quanjun Wang","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555664","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a fifth most continual diagnosed cancer, acquires large amounts of free fatty acids (FAs) to promote cell growth. But how the cancer avoids lipotoxicity is unknown. Here, we discussed some lip toxicity research in HCC. Targeting molecules related to lipotoxicity could be a promising therapeutic approach for HCC.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555663
{"title":"Ischemia-modified Albumin as a Marker of Coronary Ischemia in Acute Organophosphorus-poisoned Patients: a Case-Control Study in Mansoura University Poison Unit","authors":"","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555660
Saravanakumar Kasimbedu
{"title":"The Repercussions of Corona Virus-Related Disorders in Women Having a Neurologic Impact","authors":"Saravanakumar Kasimbedu","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2022.05.555660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45881443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555659
A. Çakır
“Body Packing” refers to the condition of being concealed in the anus or vagina (insertion into the body), filling the body (swallowing) for international illegal drug trafficking [1-3]. The first case of body packing was reported in the literature in 1973, with a case who swallowed a cannabis-filled condom and was hospitalized due to intestinal obstruction [4]. It is frequently observed that people with low socioeconomic level, youngmiddle age group and frequently low addiction level are users or non-users [5]. In addition, there was an increase in the types of substances carried and improvements in the form of substance packaging in body carrier. Body transport has become a major phenomenon with airline transport, as the customs still do not have the technology to detect this situation and a large amount of drug trafficking can be done at a time. The most common death in “body packing” cases is the result of acute toxicity occurring at high doses due to rupture of the packs. In addition, acute toxicity can be seen because the packages are semi-permeable. Deaths are rarely reported in the literature due to mechanical complications other than poisoning [4-6]. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose these patients and start treatment as soon as possible. Radiological imaging has an important role in detecting body packages in drug carriers [7].
{"title":"High-Dose Poisoning, “Body Packers” Case That Ended in An Emergency: A Case Report","authors":"A. Çakır","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555659","url":null,"abstract":"“Body Packing” refers to the condition of being concealed in the anus or vagina (insertion into the body), filling the body (swallowing) for international illegal drug trafficking [1-3]. The first case of body packing was reported in the literature in 1973, with a case who swallowed a cannabis-filled condom and was hospitalized due to intestinal obstruction [4]. It is frequently observed that people with low socioeconomic level, youngmiddle age group and frequently low addiction level are users or non-users [5]. In addition, there was an increase in the types of substances carried and improvements in the form of substance packaging in body carrier. Body transport has become a major phenomenon with airline transport, as the customs still do not have the technology to detect this situation and a large amount of drug trafficking can be done at a time. The most common death in “body packing” cases is the result of acute toxicity occurring at high doses due to rupture of the packs. In addition, acute toxicity can be seen because the packages are semi-permeable. Deaths are rarely reported in the literature due to mechanical complications other than poisoning [4-6]. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose these patients and start treatment as soon as possible. Radiological imaging has an important role in detecting body packages in drug carriers [7].","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555657
Shan Sasidharan
{"title":"Heavy Metal Toxicity in Ayurvedic Drug Formulated using Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) – An Approach to Probe the Veracity Behind the Blanket Assertions","authors":"Shan Sasidharan","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49185372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555656
A. Touré
{"title":"Initial Assessment of the Minamata Convention on Mercury in Dentistry in Senegal","authors":"A. Touré","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43857258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555654
S. Ozcelik
{"title":"Mitochondrial Toxicity can be Assessed by Measuring Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials at Single Cell Level","authors":"S. Ozcelik","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49529155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555652
Gabriela Viorela Nitescu
{"title":"Clinical And Evolutive Characteristics in Acute Toxic Methemoglobinemia in Children","authors":"Gabriela Viorela Nitescu","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47715363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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