W. Khafagi, E. Hegazi, M. Attia, Mervat A. Hasaneen
.
{"title":"Cannibalism and necrophagy in Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"W. Khafagi, E. Hegazi, M. Attia, Mervat A. Hasaneen","doi":"10.5897/jen2023.0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jen2023.0284","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nzeako, H. Talwana, E. Teye, I. Sekanjako, J. Nabweteme, M. Businge
Soil nematode faunal analysis is necessary to ascertain the health status of the soil ecosystem. Composite soil samples were taken at designated sites; A, B, C and D from the Makerere Hill area, Kampala and analyzed to characterize the nematode fauna status. Soil samples were collected vertically at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm core depths with a 5 cm wide soil auger. A total of 7,900 nematodes were collected from the study out of which 1,720 (21.8%) nematodes came from 0-5 cm core depth, 5,270 (66.7) from 5-10 cm core depth and 910 (11.52) from the 10-15 cm core depth. Species diversity showed nine orders of nematodes comprising twenty four families and forty nine species. The Order; Tylenchida had eight families and twenty five species. The Dorylaimida had six families and eleven species, The Rhabditida had families and seven species. The orders; Enoplida, Desmoscolida, Monhysteriida, Chromadorida, Araeolaimida and Tetracephalida had only one family and species each. Nematode species richness and abundance were more in the sites located at the lower fringes of the hill, induced by inherent environmental characteristics that promoted organic enrichment of the soil. The top soil (0-5 cm core depth) comprised the bacterivores c-p 1 (Rhabditis spp.) and c-p 2 nematodes (Desmoscolecidae Spp.), the 5-10 cm core depth had a composite population of all the trophic guilds but dominated by specialist obligates (plant parasitic) while the wide host range obligates (Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Tylenchus spp.) occurred at 10-15 cm core depth. There was a large assortment of specialist parasites; Aphelenchus spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Aphastimatylenchus nigeriennsis and Trichodorus spp., occasioned by vegetation characteristics of the study area. The study area is a compendium of divergent habitats with peculiar ecomorphological characteristics that can serve as a reference in future environmental impact evaluation studies in relation to soil nematode faunal integrity in Uganda. Key words: Soil nematodes, species diversity, abundance, bacteriovores, specialist obligates, ecomorpological characteristics.
{"title":"Characterization of the Soil Nematode Fauna of Makerere Hill, Kampala, Uganda","authors":"S. Nzeako, H. Talwana, E. Teye, I. Sekanjako, J. Nabweteme, M. Businge","doi":"10.5897/JEN2019.0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2019.0239","url":null,"abstract":"Soil nematode faunal analysis is necessary to ascertain the health status of the soil ecosystem. Composite soil samples were taken at designated sites; A, B, C and D from the Makerere Hill area, Kampala and analyzed to characterize the nematode fauna status. Soil samples were collected vertically at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm core depths with a 5 cm wide soil auger. A total of 7,900 nematodes were collected from the study out of which 1,720 (21.8%) nematodes came from 0-5 cm core depth, 5,270 (66.7) from 5-10 cm core depth and 910 (11.52) from the 10-15 cm core depth. Species diversity showed nine orders of nematodes comprising twenty four families and forty nine species. The Order; Tylenchida had eight families and twenty five species. The Dorylaimida had six families and eleven species, The Rhabditida had families and seven species. The orders; Enoplida, Desmoscolida, Monhysteriida, Chromadorida, Araeolaimida and Tetracephalida had only one family and species each. Nematode species richness and abundance were more in the sites located at the lower fringes of the hill, induced by inherent environmental characteristics that promoted organic enrichment of the soil. The top soil (0-5 cm core depth) comprised the bacterivores c-p 1 (Rhabditis spp.) and c-p 2 nematodes (Desmoscolecidae Spp.), the 5-10 cm core depth had a composite population of all the trophic guilds but dominated by specialist obligates (plant parasitic) while the wide host range obligates (Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Tylenchus spp.) occurred at 10-15 cm core depth. There was a large assortment of specialist parasites; Aphelenchus spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Aphastimatylenchus nigeriennsis and Trichodorus spp., occasioned by vegetation characteristics of the study area. The study area is a compendium of divergent habitats with peculiar ecomorphological characteristics that can serve as a reference in future environmental impact evaluation studies in relation to soil nematode faunal integrity in Uganda. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Soil nematodes, species diversity, abundance, bacteriovores, specialist obligates, ecomorpological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2019.0239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three rates of ground leaves and fruits powders of Myristica fragrans (5, 10 and 20 g/pot) were evaluated for their nematicidal effect against M. incognita infecting sunflower plants under greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that all tested applications significantly enhanced sunflower plant growth characters. Moreover, all tested treatments significantly gave better results with a significant correlation between the increase in the added dose and the improvement rate in the tested plant criteria and nematode parameters. The modest dose of leaves and fruits doses (10 g/pot) recorded the highest rates of improvement with values of 88.5 and 63.5; 88.9 and 75.0; 141 and 133.3% respectively for plant length, total plant wet weight and shoot dry weight. On the other hand, the highest rate of ground leaves and fruits powders of M. fragrans (20 g /pot) recorded the highest reduction in tested nematode criteria with values of 80.0 and 75.9% for final nematode reproduction and stated the lowest nematode reproduction factor (RF) compared to nematode only treatment. Key words: Ground, powders, Myristica fragrans, nematicidal activity, Meloidogyne incognita, sunflower.
在温室条件下，研究了香豆荚叶、果粉(5、10、20 g/罐)对向日葵植株的杀线虫效果。结果表明，各施剂均能显著提高向日葵植株的生长性状。此外，所有试验处理的结果都显著较好，添加剂量的增加与被试植物标准和线虫参数的改善率显著相关。中等剂量的叶片和果实(10 g/罐)的改善率最高，分别为88.5和63.5;88.9和75.0;株长、株总湿重和茎干重分别为141和133.3%。另一方面，与仅处理线虫相比，最高剂量(20 g /罐)的香田叶粉和果粉对线虫最终繁殖的降低率最高，分别为80.0和75.9%，并且线虫繁殖因子(RF)最低。关键词:粉末状、粉末状、香肉豆蔻、杀线虫活性、黑花丝瓜、向日葵
{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the effect of three rates of ground leaves and fruits powders of Myristica fragrans on Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower in vivo","authors":"S. Gad., M. Osman","doi":"10.5897/JEN2019.0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2019.0235","url":null,"abstract":"Three rates of ground leaves and fruits powders of Myristica fragrans (5, 10 and 20 g/pot) were evaluated for their nematicidal effect against M. incognita infecting sunflower plants under greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that all tested applications significantly enhanced sunflower plant growth characters. Moreover, all tested treatments significantly gave better results with a significant correlation between the increase in the added dose and the improvement rate in the tested plant criteria and nematode parameters. The modest dose of leaves and fruits doses (10 g/pot) recorded the highest rates of improvement with values of 88.5 and 63.5; 88.9 and 75.0; 141 and 133.3% respectively for plant length, total plant wet weight and shoot dry weight. On the other hand, the highest rate of ground leaves and fruits powders of M. fragrans (20 g /pot) recorded the highest reduction in tested nematode criteria with values of 80.0 and 75.9% for final nematode reproduction and stated the lowest nematode reproduction factor (RF) compared to nematode only treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ground, powders, Myristica fragrans, nematicidal activity, Meloidogyne incognita, sunflower.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2019.0235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43108485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bancroftian filariasis in Nigeria is endemic with 22.1% of the population thought to be infected. The main mosquito genera implicated with Wuchereria bancrofti transmission are Anopheles and Culex. The study was carried out to compare the infectivity rates of the vectors between the high transmission (rainy) and the low transmission (dry) seasons. Mosquitoes were sampled from houses and compared from six sentinel villages (3 each from Ohaukwu and Abakiliki Local Government Areas) of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Day resting indoor collection (DRI) by Aspirator and Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) were used to collect mosquitoes between 7:00 and 11:00am. After morphological identification, female parous mosquitoes were dissected in search for infective (L3) larvae of W. bancrofti. A total of 4,840 female mosquitoes were dissected. More mosquitoes were caught in the rainy season than in the dry season. Infectivity rates of vectors in Ohaukwu villages were 3.54 and 5.41% in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, whereas in Abakiliki villages these were 1.85 and 1.19%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall infectivity rates between the two seasons in both Ohaukwu and Abakiliki villages (p>0.05). Similarly, no significant difference in the total/average transmission potentials were found between the seasons (p>0.05). Anopheles gambiae sl was the main vector in both study sites followed by an Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus. There was a difference in infectivity rates of Anopheles species between the wet and dry seasons (p 0.05). Findings were discussed in the context of on-going plans to eliminate filariasis and the transmitting vectors. Key words: Bancroftian filariasis, rainy season, dry season, Wuchereria bancrofti.
{"title":"Seasonal pattern of Bancroftian Filariasis transmission in Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Amaechi, B. Nwoke, J. I. Iwunze, F. Njoku","doi":"10.5897/JEN2016.0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2016.0166","url":null,"abstract":"Bancroftian filariasis in Nigeria is endemic with 22.1% of the population thought to be infected. The main mosquito genera implicated with Wuchereria bancrofti transmission are Anopheles and Culex. The study was carried out to compare the infectivity rates of the vectors between the high transmission (rainy) and the low transmission (dry) seasons. Mosquitoes were sampled from houses and compared from six sentinel villages (3 each from Ohaukwu and Abakiliki Local Government Areas) of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Day resting indoor collection (DRI) by Aspirator and Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) were used to collect mosquitoes between 7:00 and 11:00am. After morphological identification, female parous mosquitoes were dissected in search for infective (L3) larvae of W. bancrofti. A total of 4,840 female mosquitoes were dissected. More mosquitoes were caught in the rainy season than in the dry season. Infectivity rates of vectors in Ohaukwu villages were 3.54 and 5.41% in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, whereas in Abakiliki villages these were 1.85 and 1.19%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall infectivity rates between the two seasons in both Ohaukwu and Abakiliki villages (p>0.05). Similarly, no significant difference in the total/average transmission potentials were found between the seasons (p>0.05). Anopheles gambiae sl was the main vector in both study sites followed by an Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus. There was a difference in infectivity rates of Anopheles species between the wet and dry seasons (p 0.05). Findings were discussed in the context of on-going plans to eliminate filariasis and the transmitting vectors. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bancroftian filariasis, rainy season, dry season, Wuchereria bancrofti.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2016.0166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lepidopteran pests cause considerable damage to Solanum macrocarpon Linnaeus (Solanaceae). Their control by the use of botanical extracts is a promising alternative to improper use of chemical insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three doses of leaf extract of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (Meliaceae) against Lepidopteran pest species that attack S. macrocarpon L. in southern Togo. The experimental design used for the study was randomized complete blocks with three replicates and five treatments: three doses (N1: 300, N2: 600 and N3: 900 L/ha) of neem leaf aqueous extract, a synthetic insecticide “Cydim Super” (C.S.) and a Control (C) in field. Botanical exctract and synthetic insecticide were applied after Lepidopteran pest species frequency and number collected once a week for 8 weeks. The yield data were obtained by weighing the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of S. macrocarpon harvested. Three species of Lepidoptera (Selepa docilis Butler (Noctuidae), Spoladea recurvalis Fabricius (Crambidae) and Scrobipalpa ergasima Meyrick (Gelechiidae)) were recorded. The neem leaf extract reduced frequency and numbers of all the three species found on S. macrocarpon than Control. S. recurvalis and S. ergasima were not recorded on plots treated with N3: 900 l/ha. No Lepidopteran pest species was recorded on plots treated with synthetic insecticide. S. macrocarpon yields obtained on plots treated with neem leaf extract N1, N2 and N3 were higher (5.42 ± 1.80 t/ha, 7.39 ± 1.88 t/ha and 6.97 ± 0.96 t/ha, respectively) than that of synthetic insecticide which was 3.51 ± 0.72 t/ha. Key words: Biopesticide, Lepidopteran pests, Solanum macrocarpon, southern Togo.
{"title":"Effects of neem leaf extracts on Lepidopteran pest species attacking Solanum macrocarpon L. (Solanaceae) in southern Togo","authors":"Abla D ela Mond edji, S. W. Nyamador","doi":"10.5897/JEN2019.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2019.0230","url":null,"abstract":"Lepidopteran pests cause considerable damage to Solanum macrocarpon Linnaeus (Solanaceae). Their control by the use of botanical extracts is a promising alternative to improper use of chemical insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three doses of leaf extract of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (Meliaceae) against Lepidopteran pest species that attack S. macrocarpon L. in southern Togo. The experimental design used for the study was randomized complete blocks with three replicates and five treatments: three doses (N1: 300, N2: 600 and N3: 900 L/ha) of neem leaf aqueous extract, a synthetic insecticide “Cydim Super” (C.S.) and a Control (C) in field. Botanical exctract and synthetic insecticide were applied after Lepidopteran pest species frequency and number collected once a week for 8 weeks. The yield data were obtained by weighing the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of S. macrocarpon harvested. Three species of Lepidoptera (Selepa docilis Butler (Noctuidae), Spoladea recurvalis Fabricius (Crambidae) and Scrobipalpa ergasima Meyrick (Gelechiidae)) were recorded. The neem leaf extract reduced frequency and numbers of all the three species found on S. macrocarpon than Control. S. recurvalis and S. ergasima were not recorded on plots treated with N3: 900 l/ha. No Lepidopteran pest species was recorded on plots treated with synthetic insecticide. S. macrocarpon yields obtained on plots treated with neem leaf extract N1, N2 and N3 were higher (5.42 ± 1.80 t/ha, 7.39 ± 1.88 t/ha and 6.97 ± 0.96 t/ha, respectively) than that of synthetic insecticide which was 3.51 ± 0.72 t/ha. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Biopesticide, Lepidopteran pests, Solanum macrocarpon, southern Togo.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2019.0230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49236843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damage by the tropical warehouse moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) to stored plant products especially dried cocoa beans is enormous. This is expressed in holing with frass and webbing of the beans leading to nutritional loss; turning the valuable commodity into powder and reducing the value in the export-import market. Effective management of the pest is contingent upon correct identification and bioecological expressions in relation with the host(s) and other environmental influences. Therefore, the morphological traits (phenotypic) variability between sexes and populations of E. cautella across different locations in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated with a view to identifying the population structure of E. cautella in the region. Thirty-two ecotypes of E. cautella (16 male; 16 female) populations (n = 10/ecotype) were evaluated for eight morphometric traits including forewings (length and width), hind-wings (length and width), body length, antenna length and abdominal dimension (length and width). Significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) occurred among the 32 E. cautella ecotypes for the eight measured traits with respect to sexes, locations and the interactions of the two sources of variation (sex by location). By magnitude, the females had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher mean for the fore and hind wings (length and width), body length and abdominal dimension; however, the antenna length was longer in males than in females’ samples. The overall mean Gower genetic distance for the 32 E. cautella ecotypes was 0.656, with the range of 0.273 to 0.968. At 0.1 level of similarity index, four clusters (I, II, III, IV) emerged; with the membership of 7, 8, 12, and 5 respectively. This study showed that four ecotypes of E. cautella exist in south-western Nigeria with sex by location assessment and this can be useful in control programmes of the pest. Key words: morphological traits, population structure, variability, ecotypes, similarity index.
热带仓库飞蛾(Ephestia cautella, Walker)对储存的植物产品，特别是干可可豆的危害是巨大的。这表现在豆子打孔，有草和带，导致营养损失;把有价值的商品变成粉末，降低了进出口市场的价值。有害生物的有效管理取决于与寄主和其他环境影响有关的正确识别和生物生态表现。因此，本研究对尼日利亚西南部不同地区cautella E. cautella种群的形态特征(表型)和性别差异进行了研究，以期确定该地区cautella E.的种群结构。32种黄花电杆菌生态型(雄16种;对16个雌性种群(n = 10/生态型)进行了前翅(长和宽)、后翅(长和宽)、体长、天线长和腹部尺寸(长和宽)等8项形态计量特征的评价。8个被测性状在32个野菜生态型中，在性别、地理位置和两种变异源(地理位置性别)的交互作用方面存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。从量级上看，雌鸟的前、后翅(长、宽)、体长和腹部尺寸平均值显著(P≤0.05)高于雌鸟;然而，雄性样本的天线长度比雌性样本长。32个菜苔生态型总体平均高尔遗传距离为0.656，范围为0.273 ~ 0.968。在相似指数为0.1水平时，出现I、II、III、IV四个聚类;成员数分别为7、8、12和5。本研究表明，尼日利亚西南部存在四种不同生态型的牛肠杆菌，可用于该害虫的防治规划。关键词:形态性状，群体结构，变异，生态型，相似指数。
{"title":"Geomorphologic and allometric variations in the populations of adult cocoa moth, Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. V. Oyedokun, A. Omoloye","doi":"10.5897/JEN2018.0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2018.0223","url":null,"abstract":"Damage by the tropical warehouse moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) to stored plant products especially dried cocoa beans is enormous. This is expressed in holing with frass and webbing of the beans leading to nutritional loss; turning the valuable commodity into powder and reducing the value in the export-import market. Effective management of the pest is contingent upon correct identification and bioecological expressions in relation with the host(s) and other environmental influences. Therefore, the morphological traits (phenotypic) variability between sexes and populations of E. cautella across different locations in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated with a view to identifying the population structure of E. cautella in the region. Thirty-two ecotypes of E. cautella (16 male; 16 female) populations (n = 10/ecotype) were evaluated for eight morphometric traits including forewings (length and width), hind-wings (length and width), body length, antenna length and abdominal dimension (length and width). Significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) occurred among the 32 E. cautella ecotypes for the eight measured traits with respect to sexes, locations and the interactions of the two sources of variation (sex by location). By magnitude, the females had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher mean for the fore and hind wings (length and width), body length and abdominal dimension; however, the antenna length was longer in males than in females’ samples. The overall mean Gower genetic distance for the 32 E. cautella ecotypes was 0.656, with the range of 0.273 to 0.968. At 0.1 level of similarity index, four clusters (I, II, III, IV) emerged; with the membership of 7, 8, 12, and 5 respectively. This study showed that four ecotypes of E. cautella exist in south-western Nigeria with sex by location assessment and this can be useful in control programmes of the pest. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: morphological traits, population structure, variability, ecotypes, similarity index.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2018.0223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47945212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abai, H. Vatandoost, H. Dorzadeh, M. Shayeghi, A. Hanafi-Bojd, A. Raeisi
Malaria is major vector-borne diseases in southern Iran. The main activity of vector control is indoor residual spraying using pyrethrpids. The study was conducted to evaluate the biological assays of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 at different surfaces of wall. The persistency of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 at 25 mg/m2 was studied on different local surfaces of rooms such as plaster and mud surfaces (sorbent) as well as wooden and thatch roofs (as non-sorbent). Contact bioassays were carried out using world health organization (WHO) standard cones and lab-bred sugar-fed, 48-72 h old females of Anopheles stephensi (Iranshahr strain). In contact bioassays was carried out on sprayed surfaces for 150 days. Contact bioassay on surfaces treated with lambdacyhalothrin WP10 on sorbent surfaces caused 34 to 100% mortality and 76.32 to 100% on non-sorbent surfaces during 120 days evaluation period and the persistency of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 at 25 mg/m2 was estimated about 2.5 months. Fumigant tests of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 revealed 50 to 93.83% mortality with one month persistency. Key words: Lambdacyhalothrin, residual effects, fumigant efficacy, Anopheles stephensi, malaria, Iran.
{"title":"Evaluation of residual effects of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 in different surfaces against Anopheles stephensi, in a malarious area, southern Iran","authors":"M. Abai, H. Vatandoost, H. Dorzadeh, M. Shayeghi, A. Hanafi-Bojd, A. Raeisi","doi":"10.5897/JEN2018.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2018.0205","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is major vector-borne diseases in southern Iran. The main activity of vector control is indoor residual spraying using pyrethrpids. The study was conducted to evaluate the biological assays of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 at different surfaces of wall. The persistency of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 at 25 mg/m2 was studied on different local surfaces of rooms such as plaster and mud surfaces (sorbent) as well as wooden and thatch roofs (as non-sorbent). Contact bioassays were carried out using world health organization (WHO) standard cones and lab-bred sugar-fed, 48-72 h old females of Anopheles stephensi (Iranshahr strain). In contact bioassays was carried out on sprayed surfaces for 150 days. Contact bioassay on surfaces treated with lambdacyhalothrin WP10 on sorbent surfaces caused 34 to 100% mortality and 76.32 to 100% on non-sorbent surfaces during 120 days evaluation period and the persistency of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 at 25 mg/m2 was estimated about 2.5 months. Fumigant tests of lambdacyhalothrin WP10 revealed 50 to 93.83% mortality with one month persistency. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Lambdacyhalothrin, residual effects, fumigant efficacy, Anopheles stephensi, malaria, Iran.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2018.0205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48665697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gamal El-Sherif Ahmed, B. Samir, Arafat Megahed Allam, Ibrahim Sergany Mohamed
Nutrients are vital for plant growth as well as disease severity and control. Utilization of nanotechnologies in agriculture sectors is expected to be the ideal material to enhance plant resistance after perception of specific biotic or abiotic signals commonly referred to as induced resistance. Three mineral and nano-fertilizer particles were examined for their efficacy as a soil amendment in controlling the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a greenhouse trial. A randomized complete block design layout was used for 9 treatments with 5 replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1,000 M. incognita eggs. Undoubtedly, the utilization of three fertilizers as mineral or nano-particles on tomato plants cv. Giza 86 under the stress of M. incognita infection significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the number of galls and egg masses as well as enhanced plant growth criteria. The application of nano-fertilizers was more effective than mineral ones. The nano fertilizer Zn oxide was the most effective treatment among all the treatments. Key words: Disease severity, Meloidogyne incognita, nano-fertilizer, tomato, resistance.
{"title":"Induction of tomato plants resistance to Meloidogyne incognita infection by mineral and nano-fertilizer","authors":"Gamal El-Sherif Ahmed, B. Samir, Arafat Megahed Allam, Ibrahim Sergany Mohamed","doi":"10.5897/JEN2018.0224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2018.0224","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrients are vital for plant growth as well as disease severity and control. Utilization of nanotechnologies in agriculture sectors is expected to be the ideal material to enhance plant resistance after perception of specific biotic or abiotic signals commonly referred to as induced resistance. Three mineral and nano-fertilizer particles were examined for their efficacy as a soil amendment in controlling the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a greenhouse trial. A randomized complete block design layout was used for 9 treatments with 5 replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1,000 M. incognita eggs. Undoubtedly, the utilization of three fertilizers as mineral or nano-particles on tomato plants cv. Giza 86 under the stress of M. incognita infection significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the number of galls and egg masses as well as enhanced plant growth criteria. The application of nano-fertilizers was more effective than mineral ones. The nano fertilizer Zn oxide was the most effective treatment among all the treatments. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Disease severity, Meloidogyne incognita, nano-fertilizer, tomato, resistance.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2018.0224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49167161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tshikala Eddie Lulamba, E. Green, M. H. Serepa-Dlamini
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasites to insects. They are natural enemies of numerous insects, which employ mutually related bacterial symbionts to rapidly kill their insect host. They are among the frequently used beneficial biocontrol agents of numerous insect pests in agriculture, forestry and health. These EPNs are continuing to constitute a great deal of interest for both scientists and industries. This is demonstrated from the breadth of research activities on EPNs in many countries throughout the world. More scientists are becoming trained in working with EPNs and the number of newly discovered EPN species is increasing. In South Africa (S.A.) although various studies have revealed an incredible richness of EPNs fauna with potential use as bio-control agents adapted to some soil texture and environmental conditions and underline the value of conducting more intensive surveys in natural and different parts of the country, few studies have been done in this area. This review gives an overview of the EPNs genera that include the main bio-control agents. The main species of EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria, interaction, associated effects on the insects’ host, as well as their use and main insects’ hosts range in S.A are described. In addition, their production technology is also discussed. Key words: Entomopathogenic nematodes, symbiotic bacteria, bio-control, South Africa, mass production.
{"title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes, potential industrial pest control agents: A South African perspective","authors":"Tshikala Eddie Lulamba, E. Green, M. H. Serepa-Dlamini","doi":"10.5897/JEN2018.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2018.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasites to insects. They are natural enemies of numerous insects, which employ mutually related bacterial symbionts to rapidly kill their insect host. They are among the frequently used beneficial biocontrol agents of numerous insect pests in agriculture, forestry and health. These EPNs are continuing to constitute a great deal of interest for both scientists and industries. This is demonstrated from the breadth of research activities on EPNs in many countries throughout the world. More scientists are becoming trained in working with EPNs and the number of newly discovered EPN species is increasing. In South Africa (S.A.) although various studies have revealed an incredible richness of EPNs fauna with potential use as bio-control agents adapted to some soil texture and environmental conditions and underline the value of conducting more intensive surveys in natural and different parts of the country, few studies have been done in this area. This review gives an overview of the EPNs genera that include the main bio-control agents. The main species of EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria, interaction, associated effects on the insects’ host, as well as their use and main insects’ hosts range in S.A are described. In addition, their production technology is also discussed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Entomopathogenic nematodes, symbiotic bacteria, bio-control, South Africa, mass production.","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2018.0210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-02-28DOI: 10.5897/JEN2018.0222
Mochiah Moses Brandford, Osei Kingsley, Aidoo Atta Snr, Danso Yaw, Lamptey Joseph Nii Lante, Ennin Stella Ama
Pests and diseases infested material of seed yams have led to sub optimal yield levels. Neem was applied as substitute for chemical pesticides and as environmentally safe bio-pesticide to reduce the crops annual loss due to herbivore pests and their resulting diseases. Field trials were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 major planting seasons in four communities each of Ejura-Sekyedumase and Atebubu-Amantin districts of the Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions respectively. Yam minisetts sizes were pre-treated with Mancozeb at a rate of 100 g and Lambda cyhalothrin at 40 ml in 10 L water as cocktail. Yam minisetts of 30 g each were planted on ridges at 100 cm between and 30 cm within rows on a 20 m × 20 m plot size. Neem leaf powder was applied on five rows per plot and another five served as check for assessment. Harvesting was done approximately 6 to 7 months after planting. Scale insects, mealybugs, beetles, termites and millipedes infestations. Galling due to root-knot nematodes, cracks, soft and wet rot were assessed on a scale of 1-5. Tuber yields were also assessed. Neem treated plots were observed to have significantly reduced arthropod pest populations and nematode galling as well as damage signs compared to the control plots. Yields of seed yam were higher on the neem treated plots than the control, probably due to the reduced damage on the treated plots. Seed yam yield increased for plots treated with Azadirachta indica leaves by 40 and 41% at Ejura-Sekyedumase district as well as 45 and 20% at Atebubu-Amantin district for 2016 and 2017 respectfully. Plots of seed yams treated with neem recorded reduced pests and damages in terms of parameters measured and subsequently translated into yield. It is paramount to seed yam producers to adopt neem leaf powder as pre-treatment for higher productivity.
{"title":"Effect of azadirachtin pre-treatment on major pests, diseases and yield of seed yam.","authors":"Mochiah Moses Brandford, Osei Kingsley, Aidoo Atta Snr, Danso Yaw, Lamptey Joseph Nii Lante, Ennin Stella Ama","doi":"10.5897/JEN2018.0222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN2018.0222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pests and diseases infested material of seed yams have led to sub optimal yield levels. Neem was applied as substitute for chemical pesticides and as environmentally safe bio-pesticide to reduce the crops annual loss due to herbivore pests and their resulting diseases. Field trials were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 major planting seasons in four communities each of Ejura-Sekyedumase and Atebubu-Amantin districts of the Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions respectively. Yam minisetts sizes were pre-treated with Mancozeb at a rate of 100 g and Lambda cyhalothrin at 40 ml in 10 L water as cocktail. Yam minisetts of 30 g each were planted on ridges at 100 cm between and 30 cm within rows on a 20 m × 20 m plot size. Neem leaf powder was applied on five rows per plot and another five served as check for assessment. Harvesting was done approximately 6 to 7 months after planting. Scale insects, mealybugs, beetles, termites and millipedes infestations. Galling due to root-knot nematodes, cracks, soft and wet rot were assessed on a scale of 1-5. Tuber yields were also assessed. Neem treated plots were observed to have significantly reduced arthropod pest populations and nematode galling as well as damage signs compared to the control plots. Yields of seed yam were higher on the neem treated plots than the control, probably due to the reduced damage on the treated plots. Seed yam yield increased for plots treated with <i>Azadirachta indica</i> leaves by 40 and 41% at Ejura-Sekyedumase district as well as 45 and 20% at Atebubu-Amantin district for 2016 and 2017 respectfully. Plots of seed yams treated with neem recorded reduced pests and damages in terms of parameters measured and subsequently translated into yield. It is paramount to seed yam producers to adopt neem leaf powder as pre-treatment for higher productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of entomology and nematology","volume":"11 2","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JEN2018.0222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39114625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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