Chronicles of health impact assessment最新文献

英文中文

A Health Approach to Municipal Decision-Making: The Gold Star in Health 市政决策的健康方法:健康的金星

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.18060/25989

Lauren Skowronski, K. Lowrie, L. V. Von Hagen

引用次数: 0

Ten Years of SOPHIA 索菲亚十年

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.18060/25658

G. Powers, C. Stone

In 2021, the Society of Practitioners of Health Impact Assessment (SOPHIA) celebrates its 10-year anniversary. As part of the celebration, we asked founding SOPHIA members and key SOPHIA leaders to reflect on the organization’s formation in 2011, to share their thoughts on SOPHIA’s key challenges and to highlight important accomplishments. Respondents also weighed in on the future of SOPHIA and the value of SOPHIA membership. Research was conducted using written surveys, interviews, and review of written material. Surveys were sent in July of 2021 to eleven active SOPHIA members, many of whom have served as president, vice president, board member or founding member for SOPHIA. Of the eight survey recipients who were interviewed or completed the written survey, nearly all have been conducting Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) for 10 or more years. Survey respondents’ HIA experience included assessments focused on a variety of policies, projects and programs, including housing, land use, economic security, the built environment, transportation, immigration policies, minimum wage policies, criminal justice and more. This article includes information gleaned through written material review; however, it is largely based on the feedback, insights and experiences shared by survey respondents verbally and in writing.

2021年，健康影响评估从业者协会(SOPHIA)庆祝成立10周年。作为庆祝活动的一部分，我们邀请了索菲亚的创始成员和索菲亚的主要领导人来反思该组织在2011年的成立，分享他们对索菲亚的主要挑战的看法，并强调重要的成就。受访者还对索菲亚的未来和索菲亚会员的价值进行了权衡。研究采用书面调查、访谈和书面材料审查的方式进行。调查于2021年7月发送给11位活跃的SOPHIA成员，其中许多人曾担任SOPHIA的总裁、副总裁、董事会成员或创始成员。在接受采访或完成书面调查的8名调查对象中，几乎所有人都进行了10年或更长时间的健康影响评估(HIAs)。调查对象的HIA经验包括侧重于各种政策、项目和计划的评估，包括住房、土地使用、经济安全、建筑环境、交通、移民政策、最低工资政策、刑事司法等。这篇文章包括通过书面材料审查收集的信息;然而，它在很大程度上是基于反馈，见解和经验分享的调查受访者口头和书面。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting health equity through the built environment in Duluth, MN: External Resources and Local Evolution Toward Health in All Policies. 通过明尼苏达州德卢斯市的建筑环境促进健康公平：外部资源和地方为实现全民健康政策的演变。

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.18060/24034

Katrina Smith Korfmacher

Communities, professionals, and researchers recognize that environmental factors contribute to the health inequities experienced by vulnerable populations in the U.S. These environmental health injustices persist despite well-developed systems for both public health and environmental protection. The root cause of these issues is often "siloed" decision-making by separate health and environmental institutions. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) can be an important tool for bridging these silos to promote health equity at the local level. This raises the question: how can external resources best support local initiatives? This paper examines the interaction between national, state, and non-governmental efforts to promote HIA and local actions to promote healthy and equitable built environment in Duluth, MN. A wide range of local activities in Duluth aimed to alter the long term trends, decision processes, and institutions shaping its built environment. These included integrating health in brownfield redevelopment, local land use plans, food access, and transportation decisions. Technical and financial support from external groups played a key role in developing the community's capacity to promote health equity across public, private, and non-profit organizations. These multiple streams of action culminated in the mayor's declaration in 2016 that health and fairness would be adopted as key goals of the city's new Comprehensive Plan. How did such innovative efforts thrive in a small, post-industrial city with limited resources? Duluth's experiences provide insight into how external governmental, funding, academic, and non-profit entities can more effectively, efficiently, and equitably support the evolution of local initiatives.

社区、专业人士和研究人员都认识到，环境因素是造成美国弱势群体健康不平等的原因之一。尽管公共卫生和环境保护体系都已发展完善，但这些环境健康不公正现象依然存在。造成这些问题的根本原因往往是卫生和环境机构各自为政的 "孤岛式 "决策。健康影响评估（HIA）可以成为弥合这些 "孤岛 "的重要工具，以促进地方层面的健康公平。这就提出了一个问题：外部资源如何才能最好地支持地方倡议？本文探讨了在明尼苏达州德卢斯市，国家、州和非政府组织为促进健康影响评估所做的努力与当地为促进健康和公平的建筑环境所采取的行动之间的相互作用。德卢斯当地开展了广泛的活动，旨在改变长期趋势、决策过程和影响其建筑环境的机构。这些活动包括将健康融入棕地重建、地方土地使用计划、食品获取和交通决策。外部团体提供的技术和资金支持在发展社区促进公共、私营和非营利组织健康公平的能力方面发挥了关键作用。2016 年，市长宣布将把健康和公平作为该市新综合计划的主要目标，将这些多重行动推向高潮。在一个资源有限的后工业化小城市，这些创新努力是如何茁壮成长的？德卢斯的经验为外部政府、资金、学术和非营利实体如何更有效、高效、公平地支持地方倡议的发展提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

The Long Road to the “All” of HiAP 通往HiAP“全部”的漫漫长路

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18060/23705

Erik Calloway

The objective of health in all policies (HiAP) is straightforward: integrating health and equity considerations into policies across all sectors of government will transform systems and environments in ways that support healthier, more equitable outcomes. However, pursuing that objective is complex and achieving those outcomes takes time. This article examines three communities (Minneapolis, MN, Seattle, WA, and Richmond, CA) which have been pursuing HiAP long enough to achieve meaningful policy, systems, and environmental change. We identify when and how each community employed five key strategies for effectively adopting and implementing HiAP. And we present policies each community has adopted with examples of outcomes these initiatives have achieved. The purpose of this assessment is to set realistic expectations for how long it may take to achieve HiAP and to identify themes that could help other communities realize this level of progress more quickly and efficiently. Based on our assessment of these communities, we conclude that it is not uncommon for it to take ten years or more to integrate health and equity into a substantial and coordinated set of policies across government agencies and departments. However, we also see that each step taken toward HiAP makes subsequent steps easier. And as more policies include health and equity concerns, the entire system does become more effective at improving health and equity outcomes. Finally, we show that that integrating health and equity across a range of plans and policies does shape decisions, lead to actual community transformation, and improve community health outcomes.

所有政策中的卫生目标很明确:将卫生和公平考虑纳入政府所有部门的政策，将以支持更健康、更公平结果的方式改变系统和环境。然而，追求这一目标是复杂的，实现这些结果需要时间。本文考察了三个社区(明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市、华盛顿州西雅图市和加利福尼亚州里士满市)，这三个社区长期以来一直在追求HiAP，以实现有意义的政策、制度和环境变化。我们确定了每个社区在何时以及如何采用五种关键策略来有效地采用和实施HiAP。我们介绍了每个社区采取的政策，并举例说明了这些举措取得的成果。本次评估的目的是为实现HiAP可能需要的时间设定现实的期望，并确定可以帮助其他社区更快、更有效地实现这一进展水平的主题。根据我们对这些社区的评估，我们得出的结论是，将卫生和公平纳入政府机构和部门的一套实质性和协调一致的政策，这并不罕见。然而，我们也看到，迈向HiAP的每一步都使后续步骤变得更容易。随着越来越多的政策包括健康和公平问题，整个系统在改善健康和公平结果方面确实变得更加有效。最后，我们表明，在一系列计划和政策中整合健康和公平确实会影响决策，导致实际的社区转型，并改善社区健康结果。

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引用次数: 3

Letter from the Guest Editor 客座编辑的来信

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18060/23699

Gretchen Armijo, AICP, LEED AP

引用次数: 0

A Case Study on Incorporating Health and Equity into Urban Plans, Transportation, and Land Use Policies 将健康和公平纳入城市规划、交通和土地使用政策的案例研究

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18060/23704

Mph Kelly Haworth, Mph Murp Elizabeth Young Winne

In 2017, the Built Environment Program at the Larimer County Department of Health and Environment (Colorado, USA) collaborated with a partner municipal agency to create a health and equity index to be a component of a revitalized sidewalk prioritization model. The Health Equity Index uses indicators that are linked to the determinants of health to spatially understand factors that contribute to an individual or household’s likelihood of being more vulnerable. The data to create the Health Equity Index is publicly sourced at block group level from the United States Census American Community Survey 5-year estimates and at census tract level from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s 500 Cities dataset. The score is one of three factors used to determine sidewalk improvement priorities in the City. The new model mapped prioritization and created broader geographic distribution than what was previously used. The creation of the Health Equity Index was a valuable partnership that led to multiple outcomes outside of the sidewalk prioritization process. First, its creation has established a foundation for partnership between two sectors across different government agencies. Second, the Health and Equity Index has also been used as an assessment tool for the adopted City Plan, the guiding comprehensive plan for the municipal agency. Through this process, we have learned that elements of Health Impact Assessment can be a powerful tool for understanding the health impacts of a policy or process on community, as well as for building and developing trusted cross-sector relationships.

2017年，美国科罗拉多州拉里默县卫生与环境部的建筑环境项目与一个市政合作机构合作，创建了一个健康和公平指数，作为人行道优先排序模式的组成部分。健康公平指数使用与健康决定因素相关的指标，从空间上了解导致个人或家庭更容易受到伤害的因素。创建健康公平指数的数据公开来源于美国人口普查美国社区调查的5年估计数据，以及疾病控制和预防中心的500个城市数据集的普查区数据。该分数是决定纽约市人行道改善优先级的三个因素之一。新模型绘制了优先级，并创造了比以前使用的更广泛的地理分布。健康公平指数的创建是一种有价值的伙伴关系，它在人行道优先排序过程之外产生了多种结果。首先，它的创建为不同政府机构的两个部门之间的伙伴关系奠定了基础。第二，健康与公平指数也被用作已通过的城市计划的评估工具，城市计划是市政机构的指导性综合计划。通过这一进程，我们了解到，健康影响评估的要素可以成为了解一项政策或进程对社区的健康影响以及建立和发展可信任的跨部门关系的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0

Letter from the Society of Practitioners of Health Impact Assessment 来自健康影响评估从业人员协会的信

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18060/23700

K. Hirono

Background: Health impact assessments (HIAs) are burgeoning tools in the policy arena, where media plays an important role by focusing attention on issues, informing the public, and influencing positions. Examining how media portrays HIAs is critical to understanding HIAs in the policy context. Methods: This study considered how widely circulated, U.S. newspapers represent HIAs. After searching newspaper databases, we used a qualitative document analysis method consisting of open and axial coding to examine specific phrases of HIA depictions. Results: In coding over 1,000 unique phrases from the 62 documents generated in our search, we found an uptick in HIA-related publications since 2010. Coding these documents identified 46 distinct codes across 10 different themes. The two most prominent HIA-centered themes focused on HIA engagement and the HIA setting. While themes of policy and science, health determinants, and explanations of HIAs were also frequently featured, specific mentions of projected impacts, HIA processes, HIA values, and health outcomes were less prevalent. Conclusion: HIA media portrayals warrant further inquiry by researchers and practitioners. Focusing on how media portrays HIAs is consistent with several HIA steps. It is also important for a broader strategy to educate stakeholders about HIAs and to understand HIAs’ utility. HIA practitioners should develop and implement guidelines for media interaction and tracking that encourage practitioners to seek additional media attention and to focus such attention on health impacts and outcomes, HIA recommendations, and HIA values. Building on our work, researchers should examine HIA media portrayals beyond the context of this study.

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引用次数: 0

Made to Order: Using Gubernatorial Executive Orders to Promote Health in All Policies 订制:使用行政命令在所有政策中促进健康

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18060/23702

M. Gakh, Jd

The Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach presents different and often complementary avenues to address the social determinants of health. But at its core, HiAP relies on collaborations to make health a governmental priority across sectors. In the United States, HiAP efforts can involve multiple levels of government and strategies that may vary in formality. In some states, state-level HiAP efforts may be advanced by gubernatorial executive orders (GEOs). GEOs are often used to promote health. GEOs may be powerful in the HiAP context because of their potential to manage the different sectors that comprise state government and thereby address the social determinants of health. By synthesizing the relevant literature and providing illustrative examples of HiAPpromoting GEOs, this review explores how, why, and whether to use GEOs for HiAP. It demonstrates that GEOs may advance HiAP with or without using a HiAP label, along different steps in the policymaking cycle, and by addressing common HiAP challenges. Champions of HiAP should therefore examine the possible utility of GEOs to promote state-level HiAP efforts.

所有政策中的健康（HiAP）方法提供了不同的且往往是互补的途径来解决健康的社会决定因素。但在其核心，HiAP依靠合作将卫生作为政府各部门的优先事项。在美国，HiAP的工作可能涉及多个级别的政府和战略，这些政府和战略可能在形式上有所不同。在一些州，州长行政命令可能会推动州级HiAP的努力。GEO通常用于促进健康。GEO在HiAP背景下可能很强大，因为它们有潜力管理组成州政府的不同部门，从而解决健康的社会决定因素。通过综合相关文献并提供促进HiAP的GEO的示例，本综述探讨了如何、为什么以及是否将GEO用于HiAP。它表明，GEO可以在决策周期的不同步骤中，通过解决常见的HiAP挑战，在使用或不使用HiAP标签的情况下推进HiAP。因此，HiAP的拥护者应该研究GEO在促进州级HiAP努力方面的可能效用。

引用次数: 0

Health in All Policies in Denver, CO: Moving from Plans to Equitable Development Outcomes 科罗拉多州丹佛市所有政策中的健康:从计划走向公平发展成果

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18060/23703

Aicp Leed Gretchen Armijo, Mph Maggie Kauffman

The City of Denver’s Departments of Public Health and Environment and Community Planning and Development have worked together using Health Impact Assessments (HIA) and Health in All Policies (HiAP) frameworks to formalize using a health equity lens for city planning and resource prioritization. Previous land use and transportation planners did not consider health or equity impacts on future growth and development. HIAs and a health-focused approach were initiated with neighborhood planning and expanded into the Blueprint Denver plan for land use and transportation. The Neighborhood Equity Index was also developed to help city agencies prioritize financial and programmatic resources to be more equitable. Lessons learned from the process include the need to develop relationships across organizations, more data and mapping can inform policy decisions and the need for health and equity champions inside and outside of organizations.

丹佛市公共卫生和环境部以及社区规划和发展部共同努力，利用健康影响评估(HIA)和所有政策中的健康(HiAP)框架，正式使用健康公平视角进行城市规划和资源优先排序。以前的土地使用和交通规划者没有考虑对未来增长和发展的健康或公平影响。在社区规划中启动了hia和以健康为重点的方法，并将其扩展到土地使用和交通的丹佛蓝图计划中。社区公平指数的制定也是为了帮助城市机构优先考虑财政和项目资源，使其更加公平。从这一进程中吸取的经验教训包括需要发展各组织之间的关系，更多的数据和绘图可以为政策决策提供信息，以及需要组织内外的健康和公平倡导者。

引用次数: 0

Health Impact Assessment: An Information Needs Assessment Across Sectors 健康影响评估:跨部门信息需求评估

Chronicles of health impact assessment

Pub Date : 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.18060/22536

Westleigh Quattrone, M. Callaham, Stephen L. Brown, Tatiana Lin, Jamie Pina

Background: Over the last decade, the number of health impact assessments (HIAs) conducted has increased. The information contained in these studies provides valuable guidance for stakeholders in many professional fields and industries, also known as sectors. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that practitioners across sectors have unmet information needs and are facing challenges accessing and using information. Methods: The research team conducted a series of focus groups to explore the information needs of practitioners across sectors and to identify challenges they face accessing this information. Participants were stratified by geographic location, sector affiliation, and level of expertise with HIAs. Results: Findings suggest that practitioners from all sectors can benefit from the integration of health-related information, and the information contained in HIAs, into their work. Reported information needs include baseline data, geocoded socio-demographic information, and granular local data. Participants indicated that they obtain information from their professional network, universities sponsoring research, and online resources. Information challenges include lack of data that match the size and the scope of the target area of interest, proprietary or pay-for-access sources, varying terminology for the same concepts across sectors, inadequate resources and HIA expertise for searching, and limited information on the impact of findings of prior completed HIAs. Discussion: Identifying and understanding the information needs of practitioners is essential to maximizing the use of existing and future HIAs. An interactive and comprehensive web-based repository system for HIAs may provide value and assist stakeholders in meeting these needs.

背景:在过去十年中，开展的健康影响评估(HIAs)的数量有所增加。这些研究中包含的信息为许多专业领域和行业(也称为部门)的利益相关者提供了宝贵的指导。然而，越来越多的证据表明，各部门的从业人员对信息的需求未得到满足，并且正在面临获取和使用信息的挑战。方法:研究小组开展了一系列焦点小组调查，探讨了各行业从业人员的信息需求，并确定了他们在获取这些信息时面临的挑战。参与者按地理位置、部门隶属关系和hia专业知识水平分层。结果:研究结果表明，所有部门的从业人员都可以从将健康相关信息和hia中包含的信息整合到他们的工作中受益。报告的信息需求包括基线数据、地理编码的社会人口信息和细粒度的本地数据。参与者表示，他们从自己的专业网络、赞助研究的大学和在线资源中获取信息。信息方面的挑战包括缺乏与目标感兴趣领域的规模和范围相匹配的数据、专有或付费获取的来源、不同部门对相同概念的不同术语、用于搜索的资源和HIA专业知识不足，以及关于先前完成的HIA结果影响的信息有限。讨论:识别和理解从业人员的信息需求对于最大限度地利用现有和未来的hia至关重要。一个交互式和全面的基于网络的HIAs存储系统可以提供价值并帮助利益相关者满足这些需求。

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