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Accurate RNA velocity estimation based on multibatch network reveals complex lineage in batch scRNA-seq data. 基于多批网络的精确RNA速度估计揭示了批scRNA-seq数据的复杂谱系。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02085-8
Zhaoyang Huang, Xinyang Guo, Jie Qin, Lin Gao, Fen Ju, Chenguang Zhao, Liang Yu

RNA velocity, as an extension of trajectory inference, is an effective method for understanding cell development using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments. However, existing RNA velocity methods are limited by the batch effect because they cannot directly correct for batch effects in the input data, which comprises spliced and unspliced matrices in a proportional relationship. This limitation can lead to an incorrect velocity stream. This paper introduces VeloVGI, which addresses this issue innovatively in two key ways. Firstly, it employs an optimal transport (OT) and mutual nearest neighbor (MNN) approach to construct neighbors in batch data. This strategy overcomes the limitations of existing methods that are affected by the batch effect. Secondly, VeloVGI improves upon VeloVI's velocity estimation by incorporating the graph structure into the encoder for more effective feature extraction. The effectiveness of VeloVGI is demonstrated in various scenarios, including the mouse spinal cord and olfactory bulb tissue, as well as on several public datasets. The results show that VeloVGI outperformed other methods in terms of metric performance.

RNA速度作为轨迹推理的延伸,是单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)实验中理解细胞发育的有效方法。然而,现有的RNA速度方法受到批效应的限制,因为它们不能直接校正输入数据中的批效应,输入数据包括按比例关系拼接和未拼接的矩阵。这种限制可能导致不正确的速度流。本文介绍了VeloVGI,它以两种关键方式创新性地解决了这个问题。首先,采用最优传输(OT)和互近邻(MNN)方法在批量数据中构造邻居;该策略克服了现有方法受批处理效应影响的局限性。其次,VeloVGI改进了VeloVI的速度估计,将图结构合并到编码器中,以获得更有效的特征提取。VeloVGI的有效性在各种情况下得到了证明,包括小鼠脊髓和嗅球组织,以及几个公共数据集。结果表明,VeloVGI在度量性能方面优于其他方法。
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引用次数: 0
The 24-kDa subunit of mitochondrial complex I regulates growth, microsclerotia development, stress tolerance, and virulence in Verticillium dahliae. 线粒体复合体I的24kda亚基调控大丽花黄萎病的生长、微核发育、胁迫耐受性和毒力。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02084-9
Huan Li, Ying Liu, Dan Wang, Ya-Hong Wang, Ruo-Cheng Sheng, Zhi-Qiang Kong, Steven J Klosterman, Jie-Yin Chen, Krishna V Subbarao, Feng-Mao Chen, Dan-Dan Zhang

Background: The complete mitochondrial respiratory chain is a precondition for maintaining cellular energy supply, development, and metabolic balance. Due to the evolutionary differentiation of complexes and the semi-autonomy of mitochondria, respiratory chain subunits have become critical targets for crop improvement and fungal control. In fungi, mitochondrial complex I mediates growth and metabolism. However, the role of this complex in the pathogenesis of phytopathogenic fungi is largely unknown.

Results: In this study, we identified the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase 24-kDa subunit (VdNuo1) of complex in vascular wilt pathogen, Verticillium dahliae, and examined its functional conservation in phytopathogenic fungi. Based on the treatments with respiratory chain inhibitors, the mitochondria-localized VdNuo1 was confirmed to regulate mitochondrial morphogenesis and homeostasis. VdNuo1 was induced during the different developmental stages in V. dahliae, including hyphal growth, conidiation, and melanized microsclerotia development. The VdNuo1 mutants displayed variable sensitivity to stress factors and decreased pathogenicity in multiple hosts, indicating that VdNuo1 is necessary in stress tolerance and full virulence. Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that VdNuo1 mediates global transcriptional effects, including oxidation and reduction processes, fatty acid, sugar, and energy metabolism. These defects are partly attributed to impairments of mitochondrial morphological integrity, complex assembly, and related functions. Its homologue (CgNuo1) functions in the vegetative growth, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, CgNuo1 does not restore the VdNuo1 mutant to normal phenotypes.

Conclusions: Our results revealed that VdNuo1 plays important roles in growth, metabolism, microsclerotia development, stress tolerance, and virulence of V. dahliae, sharing novel insight into the function of complex I and a potential fungicide target for pathogenic fungi.

背景:完整的线粒体呼吸链是维持细胞能量供应、发育和代谢平衡的先决条件。由于复合体的进化分化和线粒体的半自主性,呼吸链亚基已成为作物改良和真菌控制的重要靶标。在真菌中,线粒体复合体I介导生长和代谢。然而,这种复合物在植物致病性真菌发病机制中的作用在很大程度上是未知的。结果:本研究鉴定了血管性枯萎病病原菌黄萎病(Verticillium dahliae)复合体NADH:泛醌氧化还原酶24-kDa亚基(VdNuo1),并检测了其在植物病原真菌中的功能保护作用。通过呼吸链抑制剂的治疗,证实了线粒体定位的VdNuo1调节线粒体形态发生和稳态。VdNuo1在大丽花菌丝生长、分生和黑化微核发育的不同发育阶段被诱导。VdNuo1突变体对胁迫因子表现出不同的敏感性,在多个宿主中的致病性降低,表明VdNuo1是胁迫耐受性和完全毒力所必需的。比较转录组分析表明,VdNuo1介导全局转录效应,包括氧化和还原过程、脂肪酸、糖和能量代谢。这些缺陷部分归因于线粒体形态完整性、复杂组装和相关功能的损害。其同源物(CgNuo1)在炭疽菌的营养生长、黑色素生物合成和致病性中起作用;然而,CgNuo1并不能使VdNuo1突变体恢复正常表型。结论:研究结果表明,VdNuo1在大丽花弧菌的生长、代谢、微核发育、胁迫耐受性和毒力等方面发挥着重要作用,对复合体I的功能有了新的认识,并可能成为病原真菌的潜在杀菌剂靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Type-B response regulator RRB12 regulates nodule formation in Lotus japonicus. b型反应调节剂RRB12调节荷花根瘤的形成。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02088-5
Jingjing Cao, Yu Zhou, Tao Tian, Jie Ji, Yan Deng, Yuhao Guan, Yongmei Qi, Longxiang Wang, Longlong Wang, Yibo Huang, Qiuling Fan, Deqiang Duanmu

Background: The mutualistic beneficial relationship between legume plants and rhizobia enables the growth of plants in nitrogen-limiting conditions. Rhizobia infect legumes through root hairs and trigger nodule organogenesis in the cortex. The plant hormone cytokinin plays a pivotal role in regulating both rhizobial infection and the initiation of nodule development. However, the mechanism used by the cytokinin output module to control symbiosis remains poorly documented.

Results: In this study, we identified a cytokinin signaling output component encoded by the Type-B RESPONSE REGULATOR (RRB) gene, LjRRB12, which is expressed in Lotus japonicus nodule primordia and young nodules. Disruption of LjRRB12 leads to a reduction in nodulation and to an increase in the number of infection threads. Overexpression of LjRRB12D76E, an active form of the LjRRB12 protein, induces nodule-like structures in wild type and hit1 (hyperinfected 1/lotus histidine kinase 1) mutants but not in nin2 (nodule inception 2) mutants. Additionally, we utilized nCUT&Tag and EMSA to demonstrate that LjRRB12 can bind a CE (cytokinin response element) from the LjNIN promoter.

Conclusions: Our results provide a deeper understanding of nodule organogenesis by establishing a link between the cytokinin signal and the transcriptional regulation of LjNIN.

背景:豆科植物与根瘤菌之间的互惠互利关系使植物能够在氮素限制条件下生长。根瘤菌通过根毛感染豆科植物,并在皮层引发根瘤器官发生。植物激素细胞分裂素在根瘤菌侵染和根瘤形成中起着关键作用。然而,细胞分裂素输出模块用于控制共生的机制仍然缺乏文献记载。结果:在本研究中,我们发现了一个由b型反应调节因子(RRB)基因编码的细胞分裂素信号输出成分LjRRB12,该成分在日本莲根瘤原基和幼根瘤中表达。LjRRB12的破坏导致结瘤减少和感染线数量的增加。LjRRB12D76E是LjRRB12蛋白的一种活性形式,过表达在野生型和hit1(高感染1/荷花组氨酸激酶1)突变体中诱导结节样结构,而在nin2(结节起始2)突变体中则没有。此外,我们利用nCUT&Tag和EMSA证明LjRRB12可以结合来自LjNIN启动子的CE(细胞分裂素反应元件)。结论:我们的研究结果通过建立细胞分裂素信号与LjNIN转录调控之间的联系,为结节器官发生提供了更深入的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Novel function of single-target regulator NorR involved in swarming motility and biofilm formation revealed in Vibrio alginolyticus. 作者更正:在溶藻弧菌中发现了参与群体运动和生物膜形成的单靶点调节因子NorR的新功能。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02095-6
Tongxian Chen, Xiaoling Zhou, Ruonan Feng, Shuhao Shi, Xiyu Chen, Bingqi Wei, Zhong Hu, Tao Peng
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting microgenderome: detecting and cataloguing sexually unique and enriched species in human microbiomes. 重新审视微性别组:人类微生物组中性别独特和丰富的物种的检测和编目。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02025-6
Zhanshan Sam Ma

Background: Microgenderome or arguably more accurately microsexome refers to studies on sexual dimorphism of human microbiomes aimed at investigating bidirectional interactions between human microbiomes, sex hormones, and immune systems. It is important because of its implications to disease susceptibility and therapy, in which men and women demonstrate divergence in many diseases especially autoimmune diseases. In a previous report [1], we presented analyses of several key ecological aspects of microgenderome by leveraging the large datasets of the HMP (human microbiome project) but failed to offer species-level composition differences such as sexually unique species (US) and enriched species (ES). Existing approaches, for such tasks, including differential species relative abundance analysis and differential network analysis, possess certain limitations given that virtually all rely on species abundance alone or are univariate, while ignoring species distribution information across samples. Obviously, it is both species abundance and distribution that shape/drive the structure and dynamics of human microbiomes, and both should be equally responsible for the universal heterogeneity of microbiomes including the sexual dimorphism.

Results: Here, we fill the gap by taking advantages of a recently developed computational algorithm, species specificity, and specificity diversity (SSD) framework (refer to the companion article) to reanalyze the HMP and complementary seminovaginal microbiome datasets. The SSD framework can randomly search and catalogue the sexually specific unique/enriched species with statistical rigor, guided by species specificity (a synthetic metric of abundance and distribution) and specificity diversity (SD). The SSD framework reveals that men seem to have more unique species than women in their gut and reproductive system microbiomes, but women seem to have more unique species than men in the airway, oral, and skin microbiomes, which is likely due to sexual dimorphism in the hormone and immune systems. We further investigate co-dependency and heterogeneity of those sexually unique/enriched species across 15 body sites, with core/periphery network analyses.

Conclusions: This study not only produced sexually unique/enriched species in the human microbiomes and analyzed their codependency and heterogeneity but also further validated the robustness of the SSD framework presented in the companion article, by performing all negative control tests based on the HMP gut microbiome samples.

背景:微性别组(Microgenderome)或更准确地说是微性组(microsexome)是指对人类微生物组的两性二态性进行研究,旨在研究人类微生物组、性激素和免疫系统之间的双向相互作用。它之所以重要,是因为它对疾病易感性和治疗的影响,其中男性和女性在许多疾病中表现出差异,特别是自身免疫性疾病。在之前的报告b[1]中,我们利用HMP(人类微生物组计划)的大型数据集对微性别组的几个关键生态方面进行了分析,但未能提供物种水平的组成差异,如性独特物种(US)和富集物种(ES)。现有的方法,包括差异物种相对丰度分析和差异网络分析,具有一定的局限性,因为它们几乎都只依赖于物种丰度或单变量,而忽略了物种在样本中的分布信息。显然,物种的丰度和分布共同决定了人类微生物组的结构和动态,并且它们对微生物组的普遍异质性(包括两性二态性)负有同样的责任。结果:在这里,我们通过利用最近开发的计算算法、物种特异性和特异性多样性(SSD)框架(参见配套文章)来填补空白,重新分析HMP和互补的半阴道微生物组数据集。SSD框架可以在物种特异性(一种丰度和分布的综合度量)和特异性多样性(SD)的指导下,以统计严谨性随机搜索和编目性别特异性的独特/富集物种。SSD框架显示,男性在肠道和生殖系统微生物组中似乎比女性拥有更多的独特物种,但女性在气道、口腔和皮肤微生物组中似乎比男性拥有更多的独特物种,这可能是由于激素和免疫系统的性别二态性。我们进一步研究了这些性别独特/丰富的物种在15个身体部位的相互依赖性和异质性,并进行了核心/外围网络分析。结论:本研究不仅在人类微生物组中产生了性别独特/富集的物种,并分析了它们的相互依赖性和异质性,而且通过基于HMP肠道微生物组样本进行所有阴性对照测试,进一步验证了伴随文章中提出的SSD框架的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
Species specificity and specificity diversity (SSD) framework: a novel method for detecting the unique and enriched species associated with disease by leveraging the microbiome heterogeneity. 物种特异性和特异性多样性(SSD)框架:一种利用微生物组异质性检测与疾病相关的独特和丰富物种的新方法。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02024-7
Zhanshan Sam Ma

Background: Differentiating the microbiome changes associated with diseases is challenging but critically important. Majority of existing efforts have been focused on a community level, but the discerning power of community or holistic metrics such as diversity analysis seems limited. This prompts many researchers to believe that the promise should be downward to species or even strain level-effectively and efficiently identifying unique or enriched species in diseased microbiomes with statistical rigor. Nevertheless, virtually, all species-level approaches such as differential abundance and differential network analysis methods exclusively rely on species abundances without considering species distribution information, while it can be said that distribution is equally, if not more, important than abundance in shaping the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of community compositions.

Results: Here, we fill the gap by developing a novel framework-species specificity and specificity diversity (SSD)-that synthesizes both abundance and distribution information to differentiate microbiomes, at both species and community scales, under different environmental gradients such as the healthy and diseased treatments. The proposed SSD framework consists of three essential elements. The first is species specificity (SS), a concept that reincarnates the traditional specialist-generalist continuum and is defined by Mariadassou et al. (Ecol Lett 18:974-82, 2015). The SS synthesizes a species' local prevalence (distribution) and global abundance information and attaches specificity measure to each species in a specific habitat (e.g., healthy or diseased treatment). The second element is a new concept to introduce here, the (species) specificity diversity (SD), which is inspired by traditional species (abundance) diversity in community ecology and measures the diversity of specificity (a proxy for metacommunity heterogeneity, essentially) with Renyi's entropy. The third element is a pair of statistical tests based on the principle of permutation tests.

Conclusions: The SSD framework can (i) identify and catalogue lists of unique species (US), significantly enriched species (ES) in each treatment based on SS and specificity permutation (SP) test and (ii) measure the holistic differences between assemblages (or treatments) based on SD and specificity diversity permutation (SDP) test. Both capacities can be enabling technologies for general comparative microbiome research including risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of microbiome-associated diseases.

背景:区分与疾病相关的微生物组变化具有挑战性,但至关重要。大多数现有的努力都集中在社区层面,但社区或整体指标(如多样性分析)的辨别能力似乎有限。这促使许多研究人员相信,前景应该下降到物种甚至菌株水平-有效和高效地识别患病微生物组中独特或富集的物种,并具有统计严密性。然而,实际上,所有物种水平的方法,如差异丰度和差异网络分析方法,都只依赖于物种丰度,而不考虑物种分布信息,而可以说,在形成群落组成的时空异质性方面,分布与丰度同等重要,甚至更重要。结果:在这里,我们通过建立一个新的框架——物种特异性和特异性多样性(SSD)来填补这一空白,该框架综合了丰度和分布信息,以区分不同环境梯度(如健康和患病处理)下的物种和群落尺度上的微生物组。拟议的固态硬盘框架包括三个基本要素。首先是物种特异性(SS),这是一个由Mariadassou等人定义的概念,体现了传统的专家-通才连续体(Ecol Lett:974- 82,2015)。SS综合了物种的本地流行(分布)和全球丰度信息,并对特定栖息地的每个物种(例如,健康或患病处理)附加特异性措施。第二个要素是本文引入的一个新概念,即(物种)特异性多样性(SD),该概念受到群落生态学中传统物种(丰度)多样性的启发,用Renyi熵来衡量特异性多样性(本质上是元群落异质性的代表)。第三个要素是基于排列检验原理的一对统计检验。结论:SSD框架可以(i)基于SS和特异性排列(SP)检验识别和编目各处理的独特物种(US)、显著富集物种(ES)清单;(ii)基于SD和特异性多样性排列(SDP)检验衡量组合(或处理)之间的整体差异。这两种能力都可以成为促进微生物组一般比较研究的技术,包括微生物组相关疾病的风险评估、诊断和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
CRISPR/Cas9-induced double-strand breaks in the huntingtin locus lead to CAG repeat contraction through DNA end resection and homology-mediated repair. CRISPR/ cas9诱导的huntingtin位点双链断裂通过DNA末端切除和同源性介导的修复导致CAG重复收缩。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02079-6
Pawel Sledzinski, Mateusz Nowaczyk, Marianna Iga Smielowska, Marta Olejniczak

Background: The expansion of CAG/CTG repeats in functionally unrelated genes is a causative factor in many inherited neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Despite many years of research, the mechanism responsible for repeat instability is unknown, and recent findings indicate the key role of DNA repair in this process. The repair of DSBs induced by genome editing tools results in the shortening of long CAG/CTG repeats in yeast models. Understanding this mechanism is the first step in developing a therapeutic strategy based on the controlled shortening of repeats. The aim of this study was to characterize Cas9-induced DSB repair products at the endogenous HTT locus in human cells and to identify factors affecting the formation of specific types of sequences.

Results: The location of the cleavage site and the surrounding sequence influence the outcome of DNA repair. DSBs within CAG repeats result in shortening of the repeats in frame in ~ 90% of products. The mechanism of this contraction involves MRE11-CTIP and RAD51 activity and DNA end resection. We demonstrated that a DSB located upstream of CAG repeats induces polymerase theta-mediated end joining, resulting in deletion of the entire CAG tract. Furthermore, using proteomic analysis, we identified novel factors that may be involved in CAG sequence repair.

Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9-induced shortening of CAG repeats in human cells.

背景:CAG/CTG重复序列在功能不相关基因中的扩增是许多遗传性神经退行性疾病的致病因素,包括亨廷顿病(HD)、脊髓小脑共济失调(SCAs)和1型肌强直性营养不良(DM1)。尽管多年的研究,负责重复不稳定性的机制尚不清楚,最近的发现表明DNA修复在这一过程中的关键作用。在酵母模型中,基因组编辑工具诱导的dsb修复导致长CAG/CTG重复序列的缩短。了解这一机制是开发基于重复序列控制缩短的治疗策略的第一步。本研究的目的是表征人细胞内源性HTT位点cas9诱导的DSB修复产物,并确定影响特定类型序列形成的因素。结果:卵裂位点的位置和周围序列影响DNA修复的结果。CAG重复序列内的dsb导致约90%的产物帧内重复序列缩短。这种收缩的机制涉及MRE11-CTIP和RAD51活性以及DNA末端切除。我们证明了位于CAG重复序列上游的DSB诱导聚合酶介导的末端连接,导致整个CAG链的缺失。此外,利用蛋白质组学分析,我们确定了可能参与CAG序列修复的新因子。结论:我们的研究为CRISPR/ cas9诱导人类细胞中CAG重复序列缩短的复杂机制提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive analysis of the Kinetoplastea intron landscape reveals a novel intron-containing gene and the first exclusively trans-splicing eukaryote. 对kinetoplasa内含子景观的综合分析揭示了一个新的内含子基因和第一个完全反式剪接的真核生物。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02080-z
Alexei Yu Kostygov, Karolína Skýpalová, Natalia Kraeva, Elora Kalita, Cameron McLeod, Vyacheslav Yurchenko, Mark C Field, Julius Lukeš, Anzhelika Butenko

Background: In trypanosomatids, a group of unicellular eukaryotes that includes numerous important human parasites, cis-splicing has been previously reported for only two genes: a poly(A) polymerase and an RNA helicase. Conversely, trans-splicing, which involves the attachment of a spliced leader sequence, is observed for nearly every protein-coding transcript. So far, our understanding of splicing in this protistan group has stemmed from the analysis of only a few medically relevant species. In this study, we used an extensive dataset encompassing all described trypanosomatid genera to investigate the distribution of intron-containing genes and the evolution of splice sites.

Results: We identified a new conserved intron-containing gene encoding an RNA-binding protein that is universally present in Kinetoplastea. We show that Perkinsela sp., a kinetoplastid endosymbiont of Amoebozoa, represents the first eukaryote completely devoid of cis-splicing, yet still preserving trans-splicing. We also provided evidence for reverse transcriptase-mediated intron loss in Kinetoplastea, extensive conservation of 5' splice sites, and the presence of non-coding RNAs within a subset of retained trypanosomatid introns.

Conclusions: All three intron-containing genes identified in Kinetoplastea encode RNA-interacting proteins, with a potential to fine-tune the expression of multiple genes, thus challenging the perception of cis-splicing in these protists as a mere evolutionary relic. We suggest that there is a selective pressure to retain cis-splicing in trypanosomatids and that this is likely associated with overall control of mRNA processing. Our study provides new insights into the evolution of introns and, consequently, the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.

背景:锥虫是一组单细胞真核生物,包括许多重要的人类寄生虫,在锥虫中,以前只报道了两个基因的顺式剪接:一个聚(a)聚合酶和一个RNA解旋酶。相反,反式剪接,涉及到一个剪接的前导序列的连接,几乎在每个蛋白质编码转录物中都观察到。到目前为止,我们对这一原生物群剪接的了解仅源于对少数医学相关物种的分析。在这项研究中,我们使用了包含所有描述的锥虫属的广泛数据集来研究含内含子基因的分布和剪接位点的进化。结果:我们发现了一个新的保守内含子基因,编码rna结合蛋白,普遍存在于动质体中。我们发现阿莫虫的动质体内共生体Perkinsela sp.代表了第一个完全没有顺式剪接,但仍然保留反式剪接的真核生物。我们还提供了在活动体中逆转录酶介导的内含子丢失、5'剪接位点的广泛保存以及在保留的锥虫内含子子集中存在非编码rna的证据。结论:在kinetoplasa中发现的所有三个含内含子的基因都编码rna相互作用蛋白,具有微调多个基因表达的潜力,从而挑战了这些原生生物中顺式剪接仅仅是进化遗迹的看法。我们认为在锥虫体内存在保留顺式剪接的选择性压力,这可能与mRNA加工的总体控制有关。我们的研究为真核生物中内含子的进化以及基因表达的调控提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Protists and protistology in the Anthropocene: challenges for a climate and ecological crisis. 人类世的原生生物和原生生物学:气候和生态危机的挑战。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02077-8
Abigail J Perrin, Richard G Dorrell

Eukaryotic microorganisms, or "protists," while often inconspicuous, play fundamental roles in the Earth ecosystem, ranging from primary production and nutrient cycling to interactions with human health and society. In the backdrop of accelerating climate dysregulation, alongside anthropogenic disruption of natural ecosystems, understanding changes to protist functional and ecological diversity is of critical importance. In this review, we outline why protists matter to our understanding of the global ecosystem and challenges of predicting protist species resilience and fragility to climate change. Finally, we reflect on how protistology may adapt and evolve in a present and future characterized by rapid ecological change.

真核微生物,或“原生生物”,虽然往往不引人注目,但在地球生态系统中发挥着重要作用,从初级生产和营养循环到与人类健康和社会的相互作用。在气候失调加速的背景下,随着自然生态系统的人为破坏,了解原生生物功能和生态多样性的变化至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们概述了为什么原生生物对我们对全球生态系统的理解很重要,以及预测原生生物物种对气候变化的恢复力和脆弱性所面临的挑战。最后,我们思考原生生物如何在当前和未来以快速的生态变化为特征的环境中适应和发展。
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引用次数: 0
Berberine ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium -induced colitis through tuft cells and bitter taste signalling. 小檗碱通过簇状细胞和苦味信号传导改善葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02078-7
Yuxuan Yang, Wenqing Li, Kaineng Sun, Siyu Sun, Yong Zhang, Lin Chen, Yangyue Ni, Min Hou, Zhipeng Xu, Lu Chen, Minjun Ji

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a persistent gastrointestinal disease, is featured with impaired gut immunity. Previous studies have demonstrated that tuft cells can regulate the intestinal type 2 immune response by activating downstream ILC2 and Th2 cells and repair gut barrier upon invasion of parasitic helminths, bacteria, protozoans, and enteritis through different chemo-sensing receptors, such as bitter taste receptors. Berberine is a widely used in the treatment of diarrhea in clinic, however the mechanism underlying this effect is not clear. In this study, we aim to explore the relationship between berberine and tuft cells in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis.

Results: Our data showed that berberine significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and regulating type 2 innate immune lymphocytes (ILC2) and Th2 immune cells via tuft cells in the gut. Furthermore, the effect of berberine on colitis was partially abolished by U73122, a bitter taste receptor inhibitor, suggesting that bitter taste signalling pathway played an important role in the effect of berberine on relieving colitis.

Conclusions: Berberine ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium -induced colitis through tuft cells and bitter taste signalling. Our study reveals the unique pharmacological mechanisms of berberine in the context of colitis, laying the foundation for further clinical applications of this compound.

背景:炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种以肠道免疫功能受损为特征的持续性胃肠道疾病。已有研究表明,当寄生蠕虫、细菌、原生动物、肠炎入侵时,簇状细胞可通过不同的化学感应受体(如苦味受体)激活下游的ILC2和Th2细胞,调节肠道2型免疫反应,修复肠道屏障。小檗碱在临床上广泛用于治疗腹泻,但其作用机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们旨在探讨小檗碱与簇状细胞在葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的结肠炎中的关系。结果:我们的数据显示,小檗碱可显著改善dss诱导的结肠炎,并通过肠道簇状细胞调节2型先天免疫淋巴细胞(ILC2)和Th2免疫细胞。此外,小檗碱对结肠炎的作用被苦味受体抑制剂U73122部分消除,提示苦味信号通路在小檗碱缓解结肠炎的作用中发挥了重要作用。结论:小檗碱通过簇状细胞和苦味信号通路改善葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎。我们的研究揭示了小檗碱在结肠炎中的独特药理机制,为该化合物的进一步临床应用奠定了基础。
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