Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.2
M. Piamenta
This article is an archaeo-musicological study of the trumpets (ḥaṣoṣrot, metal wind instruments) and shofarot (animal horns) in the War Scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls of Qumran. The study of ancient Jewish music is largely uncharted territory. Many musical terms that appear in the Bible, Second Temple writings, and rabbinic literature, including the names of musical instruments, are not fully understood and there are many questions about their interpretation. For this reason, the War Scroll is one of the most important sources for archaeo-musicological scholarship of the ancient world generally, and of the Second Temple period in particular. This is not only because of the extensive description of the use of trumpets and shofarot in warfare that is found in the scroll, but especially because this rare and rich description is unmatched in any ancient work, Jewish, Hellenistic, or Roman. This uniquely extensive description includes a detailed itemization of the stages when the priests use different types of trumpets to direct the fighting forces, and describes the sounding of the shofarot by the Levites and the people as a means of instilling fear in the enemy. In addition, the scroll lists the types of sounds generated by trumpets and shofarot in battle, using technical and musical terms whose meaning is not always clear. In this article, I re-examine the interpretations that previous scholars have suggested for the terms describing the sounds made by the trumpets and shofarot in the War Scroll, and, in some cases, I offer new interpretations. I also examine how trumpets and shofarot were used in specific stages of the eschatological war depicted in the scroll and suggest a number of ways to understand the military uses and purpose of the incorporation of these instruments. In addition to contributing to the understanding of the musical terms that appear in the War Scroll, my research opens a window to the rich musical language used by the Dead Sea sect and perhaps also by other groups in the Second Temple era.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.6
Jordan D. Finkin, Nokhum Minkoff
Nokhum Borukh Minkov (1893–1958) was born to a modern-thinking family in Warsaw. Though his mother was much more comfortable in Yiddish, his Russified father forbade Yiddish in the home. Minkov came to the U.S. just before the outbreak of World War I, first to San Francisco, where he wanted to study medicine, and then to New York, where he ended up at NYU Law School. There he befriended Yankev Glatshteyn, also a law student, and fell in with the Yiddish literary crowd. In those early days he could often be seen in the cafes doggedly studying Yiddish, pestering his soon-to-be-fellow poets about vocabulary and points of grammar. Though he would ultimately author five books of poetry, he is today noted and remembered primarily for his later works of literary critical scholarship, including studies of Elye Bokher and Glikl Hamel, as well as Classic Yiddish Poets (1939), Six Yiddish Critics (1954), and his three-volume masterwork Pioneers of Yiddish Poetry in America (1956)
{"title":"On the Edge","authors":"Jordan D. Finkin, Nokhum Minkoff","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nokhum Borukh Minkov (1893–1958) was born to a modern-thinking family in Warsaw. Though his mother was much more comfortable in Yiddish, his Russified father forbade Yiddish in the home. Minkov came to the U.S. just before the outbreak of World War I, first to San Francisco, where he wanted to study medicine, and then to New York, where he ended up at NYU Law School. There he befriended Yankev Glatshteyn, also a law student, and fell in with the Yiddish literary crowd. In those early days he could often be seen in the cafes doggedly studying Yiddish, pestering his soon-to-be-fellow poets about vocabulary and points of grammar. Though he would ultimately author five books of poetry, he is today noted and remembered primarily for his later works of literary critical scholarship, including studies of Elye Bokher and Glikl Hamel, as well as Classic Yiddish Poets (1939), Six Yiddish Critics (1954), and his three-volume masterwork Pioneers of Yiddish Poetry in America (1956)","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48852438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.3
Meirav Nadler-Akirav
It is known that Jews engaged in reckoning the end of days by the ninth century. In his commentary on the book of Daniel, Yefet ben ‘Eli (10th century) claims that it is impossible to know when the end of days will come. He presents the opinions of the sages and of Saʿadia Gaon, as well as of the Karaites Yūsuf ben Baḥtāwī, Binyamīn Al-Nahawandī, and Salmon ben Yerūḥam, and rejects the claims of each regarding the date of the end of days. However, in his commentary on the Book of Haggai he does present several possibilities for determining the time of the end of days. This article presents Yefet’s attitude regarding the time of the end of days, including a discussion of Yefet’s commentary on Haggai 2:6–9.
众所周知，犹太人在九世纪就开始计算末日。Yefet ben’Eli（10世纪）在对但以理书的评论中声称，不可能知道末日何时到来。他提出了圣贤和萨阿的意见，以及卡拉特人Yúsuf ben Ba的意见ḥtāwī、Binyamīn Al Nahawandī和Salmon ben Yerúḥam，并拒绝每个人关于天结束日期的索赔。然而，在他对《哈盖书》的评论中，他确实提出了几种确定末日时间的可能性。本文介绍了Yefet对末日时间的态度，包括讨论Yefet对Haggai 2:6-9的评论。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.4
S. Kadish
The final chapter of Sefer haMiddot – a popular ethical work by an anonymous late medieval author, and called Orḥot Tzaddikim in its printed versions – is Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim. An early manuscript restores the original conclusion to this chapter, followed by an epitome called Simmanei Sefer haMiddot. This material was lost for well over five centuries. Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim asserts a dualism in which the soul animates the body like God animates the cosmos. The soul takes clear precedence over the body. To appreciate this dualism leads to fear of heaven, which is God’s greatest treasure. This chapter, devoted to a theological doctrine, is unique within Sefer haMiddot. Simmanei Sefer ha-Middot is a natural continuation of Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim. It also sharpens a global theme throughout the book, which places middot (ethics) alongside mitzvot (commandments) as constituting the exoteric will of God in its fullness. This substitutes ethics for the older esoteric doctrine of the Ḥasidei Ashkenaz, and is what makes the book distinct in medieval Jewish thought. The substitution of ethics for esoteric doctrine does not depend upon the final chapter’s doctrine of the soul, and the book thus ends in two different ways. An Appendix presents the full conclusion to Sefer haMiddot – Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim followed by Simmanei Sefer haMiddot – in a Hebrew text based upon a full synopsis of the manuscripts and in an annotated English translation.
Sefer haMiddot的最后一章——一位中世纪晚期匿名作家的流行伦理作品，名为《或》ḥ印刷版本中的ot Tzaddikim是Sha’ar Yir’at Shamayim。早期手稿还原了本章的原始结论，随后是一个名为Simmanei Sefer haMiddot的缩影。这种材料已经失传了五个多世纪。Sha’ar Yir’at Shamayim主张一种二元论，在这种二元论中，灵魂赋予身体以生命，就像上帝赋予宇宙以生命一样。灵魂明显优先于身体。欣赏这种二元论会导致对天堂的恐惧，而天堂是上帝最大的财富。这一章，致力于神学学说，是独特的塞弗哈米多特。Simmanei Sefer ha Middot是Sha’ar Yir’at Shamayim的自然延续。它还强化了整本书的全球主题，将middot（伦理）与成年礼（戒律）放在一起，构成了上帝的开放意志。这取代了伦理学的古老深奥学说Ḥ这本书在中世纪犹太人思想中独树一帜。用伦理学代替深奥的学说并不取决于最后一章的灵魂学说，因此这本书以两种不同的方式结束。附录根据手稿的完整概要和带注释的英文翻译，以希伯来语文本呈现了Sefer haMiddot的完整结论——Sha’ar Yir’at Shamayim，然后是Simmanei Sefer haMiddot。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.1
J. Cooley
Scholars have long recognized that the proper names in the Book of Ruth are narratively relevant, signaling characters’ and places’ natures, fates, and so on. Nonetheless, the various historical and modern explanations of the name of the book’s protagonist, the Moabite Ruth, are of relatively weak philological and narrative merit and, as such, are in stark contrast to the vivid explanations of many of the other names in the story. This study posits a novel etymology and maintains that the name רות is ultimately derived from the important term תורה .This derivation is grounded in the stylistics practice and the kinds of etymological speculation otherwise evinced by the scribes who composed the Hebrew Bible. Ultimately, the transparent relationship between רות on the one hand and תורה on the other has the potential to impact how the character is to be understood vis-à-vis the issue of the integration of non-Judean wives into the Judean community at the time of the biblical book’s composition.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.5
T. Ganzel
The importance of Mendelssohn’s commentary to Qohelet lies, inter alia, in its influence on nineteenth-century Jewish commentators and more precisely in its reception among eastern and western Europe’s Orthodox commentators, who adopted, explicitly or implicitly, his unique form of scriptural interpretation. In this article, I demonstrate unique characteristics in Mendelssohn’s commentary on Qohelet and the ways in which these were adopted by later biblical commentators, shedding light on features of Mendelssohn’s writings, reputation, and influence.
{"title":"The Influence of Mendelssohn's Commentary on Qohelet on Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Jewish Commentators in Eastern and Western Europe","authors":"T. Ganzel","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.5","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of Mendelssohn’s commentary to Qohelet lies, inter alia, in its influence on nineteenth-century Jewish commentators and more precisely in its reception among eastern and western Europe’s Orthodox commentators, who adopted, explicitly or implicitly, his unique form of scriptural interpretation. In this article, I demonstrate unique characteristics in Mendelssohn’s commentary on Qohelet and the ways in which these were adopted by later biblical commentators, shedding light on features of Mendelssohn’s writings, reputation, and influence.","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42572374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0271
Alisa Rethy
{"title":"Individuum Ineffabile: Leo Baeck (1947)","authors":"Alisa Rethy","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0157
Morris M. Faierstein
{"title":"The Earliest Published Yiddish Tehinnot (1590–1609)","authors":"Morris M. Faierstein","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43335677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0261
Ellenson, Mendes-Flohr
{"title":"Leo Baeck's “Individuum Ineffabile”","authors":"Ellenson, Mendes-Flohr","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67185069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0001
Hevroni
{"title":"Yalta – The Third Rib: Redaction and Meaning in Bavli Berakhot, Chapter 7","authors":"Hevroni","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67184818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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