Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets最新文献

Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that systemic inflammation not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndrome but also correlates with disease severity. Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) are novel systemic inflammation markers used for predicting the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) based on SYNTAX Score. This single-center, cross-sectional, observational study compared the association of these novel hematological indices with CAD severity using the SYNTAX Score in ACS patients and aimed to determine the best predictor of the severity of CAD.

Methods: A total of 403 consecutive patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled. On the basis of the SYNTAX Score, patients were divided into three groups: Low: <22, Moderate 22 - 32 and High ≥ 32. MHR, MLR, and NLR were calculated and correlated with SYNTAX Score.

Results: All three indices: MHR (r=0.511; p <0.001), MLR (r=0.373; p <0.001), and NLR (r=0.292; p =0.001) showed significant correlation with SYNTAX Score. The MHR ROC was significantly higher than that of MLR (difference between area: 0.158; 95% CI: 0.079-0.259) and NLR (difference between area: 0.279; 95% CI: 0.172-0.419) for the SYNTAX Score. Analysis showed a strong correlation between these indices with SYNTAX Score >22 compared to low scores <22 and that these also related to the LAD as an infarct artery. Multiple regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, eGFR, Infarct-related artery left anterior descending (IRALAD), MHR, MLR, and NLR were predictors of the severity of CAD in ACS patients based on SYNTAX Score.

Conclusion: In ACS patients MHR, MLR, and NLR showed significant correlation with SYNTAX score >22 which may be indicative of severity of disease. MHR is a better predictor of the severity of CAD than MLR and NLR in ACS patients.

Carvedilol is classified as a second class drug of Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), and it is an excellent beta blocker and vasodilating agent. It is used in a diverse range of disease states. Despite having tremendous advantages, the drug cannot be used effectively and productively due to aquaphobicity and poor bioavailability. To overcome this limitation, numerous novel approaches and tactics have been introduced over the past few years, such as Selfmicro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), nanoparticles, solid dispersions and liposomal drug delivery. The present review aims to accentuate the role of solid dispersion in improving the dissolution profile and aqua solubility of carvedilol and also to emphasize other novel formulations of carvedilol proposed to prevail the limitations of carvedilol. Solid dispersion and other novel approaches were found to play a significant role in overcoming the drawbacks of carvedilol, among which solid dispersion is the most feasible and effective approach being used worldwide. Reduced particle size, more wettability, and large surface area are obtained by the implementation of solid dispersion technique, hence improving carvedilol solubility and bioavailability.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most prevalent medical conditions of modern era and are one of the primary causes of adult mortality in both developing and developed countries. Conventional medications such as use of aspirin, beta-blockers, statins and angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors involve use of drugs with many antagonistic effects. Hence, alternative therapies which are safe, effective, and relatively cheap are increasingly being investigated for the treatment and prevention of CVDs. The secondary metabolites of medicinal plants contain several bioactive compounds which have emerged as alternatives to toxic modern medicines. The detrimental effects of CVDs can be mitigated via the use of various bioactive phytochemicals such as catechin, isoflavones, quercetin etc. present in medicinal plants. Current review intends to accumulate previously published data over the years using online databases concerning herbal plant based secondary metabolites that can help in inhibition and treatment of CVDs. An in-depth review of various phytochemical constituents with therapeutic actions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective properties has been delineated. An attempt has been made to provide a probable mechanistic overview for the pertinent phytoconstituent which will help in achieving a better prognosis and effective treatment for CVDs.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart disease (LHD) is a complex cardiopulmonary condition where a variable degree of pulmonary congestion, arterial vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling can lead to PH and right heart strain. Right heart dysfunction has a significant prognostic impact on these patients. Therefore, preserving right ventricular (RV) function is an important treatment goal. However, the treatment of PH in patients with left heart disease has produced conflicting evidence. The transition from pure LHD to LHD with PH is a continuum and clinically challenging. The heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patient population is heterogeneous when it comes to PH and RV function. Appropriate clinical and hemodynamic phenotyping of patients with HFpEF and concomitant PH is paramount to making the appropriate treatment decision. This manuscript will summarize the current evidence for the use of pulmonary arterial vasodilators in patients with HFpEF.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of body tissues to insulin, leading to impaired regulation of downstream metabolic pathways and elevated blood glucose levels. Diets rich in fructose have been proven to cause insulin resistance in test rats, resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity, particularly in the liver, and compromised disposal of glucose from the body. In the search for effective treatments, Plant-derived formulations have gained popularity because to their ability for treating a variety of ailments. One such plant is Punica granatum Linn. from the Punicaceae family, which has long been used in the treatment of diabetes and its consequences. This study investigates the insulin-resistant activity of an extract from Punica granatum leaves. The study goal is to assess the possible protective role of Punica granatum against insulin resistance through various analyses, including serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile assessment, measurement of liver enzymes (ALP, SGOT, SGPT), and histopathological examination of liver sections.

Methods: The study involves several key methods to evaluate the insulin-resistant activity of Punica granatum extract in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance animal model. The extract was administered orally to the experimental animals. These methods include the measurement of serum glucose and serum insulin levels, analysis of the lipid profile, quantification of liver enzymes such as ALP, SGOT, and SGPT, and a detailed histopathological examination of liver tissue sections. These analyses collectively provide insights into the impact of Punica granatum extract on insulin resistance and related metabolic parameters.

Results: Findings of this study provide insight on the possible benefits of Punica granatum extract on insulin resistance. Through the assessment of serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile analysis, and measurement of liver enzymes, the study elucidates the impact of the extract on key metabolic indicators. Additionally, the histopathological examination of liver sections provides visual insights into the structural changes that may occur as a result of the treatment.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the ability of Punica granatum extract as a candidate for addressing insulin resistance. The findings suggest that the extract may have a protective role against insulin resistance, as evidenced by improvements in serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological characteristics. Further research and investigations are warranted to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these observed effects and to validate the potential of Punica granatum extract as a therapeutic option for managing insulin resistance and its associated compl

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the antihypertensive activity of Rumex vesicarius.

Background: The genus Rumex (sorrel, Polygonaceae), containing approximately 200 species, is distributed worldwide (African, European, Asian, and American countries). It is widely used in traditional medicine as analgesic, diuretic, antispasmodic, and antihypertensive plants.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the possible antihypertensive vasorelaxant capacity and effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) of the aqueous extract of Rumex vesicarius (R. vesicarius).

Material and methods: In the present study, the aqueous extract of R. vesicarius (AERV) was prepared, its antihypertensive activity was examined in N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats, and its vasorelaxant ability along with its effect on stimulating or inhibiting ACE-2 were performed in isolated rat thoracic aorta.

Results: The results indicated that AERV decreased the systolic, diastolic, mean, and mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The data revealed that AERV exerted its antihypertensive effect through vasodilatory properties via an endothelium-independent pathway. Interestingly, the study demonstrated that the vasorelaxation ability of AERV might be mediated through receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCC). However, AERV extract had no effect on either stimulating or inhibiting ACE-2.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates clearly the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of R. vesicarius in hypertensive rats, supporting its beneficial action as an antihypertensive agent.

Aims of the study: The present work aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic and antohyperlipidemic effects ofMoricandia suffruticosa.

Background: Moricandia suffruticosa (M. suffruticosa) is used in traditional medicine.

Objective: The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects of M. suffruticosa and its effect on glycogen content in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats.

Methods: The effect of the aqueous extract of M. suffruticosa (AEMS) at a two doses of 100 and 140 mg/kg on blood glucose levels, lipid, lipoprotein profile, and glycogen content was examined in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, a preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification of phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were carried out.

Results: The results demonstrated that AEMS exhibits antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats during both acute and subchronic essays. Furthermore, AEMS revealed an antidyslipidemic effect concerning the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and non-high density lipoproteins (Non-HDL). In contrast, AEMS has not affected the value of glycemia, lipids, and lipoproteins in normal rats. In addition, AEMS is rich in several phytochemical compounds. Furthermore, AEMS revealed an important in vitro antioxidant activity.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrates that M. suffruticosa exhibits an important antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats.

Introduction: Parotid swellings are commonly encountered in ENT Clinics, the cause of which could range from neural conditions, endocrine problems, vitamin deficiencies, and sialadenitis, which may even be a manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. Multiple myeloma represents a clonal proliferation of plasma cells and is a condition in which a parotid swelling might be present, although very uncommon.

Case presentation: We report a case of 60-year-old female presented with unilateral parotid swelling, which led to a diagnosis of multiple myeloma based on the investigations.

Conclusion: Various imaging modalities are currently available to assess the extent of the swelling and evaluate the soft tissue and osseous involvement. The clinician must have a rigorous insight into the several clinical manifestations and the sites of involvement of the different conditions to make a proper diagnosis.