Pub Date : 2024-09-16eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69554
Adam Bitunguramye, Gerard Nkundimana, Ahmed M Aboubasha, Jules Kabahizi, William Rutikanga, Laetitia Nshimiyimana, Michel G Rafiki
Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are at risk for Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs). This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors, organism types, and outcomes of CRBSI in adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis at King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of adult patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis via central venous hemodialysis catheters at King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda. Upon receiving the IRB approval, 81 eligible patients, women, and men aged between 19 and 74, were enrolled. Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) analysis evaluated the risk factors for CRBSI. The statistical significance was determined using p-values, with a cut-off of 0.05. Results The incidence of CRBSI was found to be 0.78 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days. Acute hemodialysis catheter type and anemia were associated with increased risk for CRBSI, with a P-value less than 0.05. In addition, all CRBSI cases were due to bacteria, with 52.63% gram-negative and 47.37% gram-positive. Out of 19 CRBSI events, nine cases (47.37%) required hospitalization with a median duration of seven days. Approximately half of the CRBSIs required catheter removal. No metastatic infection or death was noted. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that our hemodialysis unit has an incidence of 0.78 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days. Catheter type and anemia were significantly associated with CRBSI.
{"title":"Incidence, Risk Factors, Organism Types, and Outcomes of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Adam Bitunguramye, Gerard Nkundimana, Ahmed M Aboubasha, Jules Kabahizi, William Rutikanga, Laetitia Nshimiyimana, Michel G Rafiki","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are at risk for Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs). This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors, organism types, and outcomes of CRBSI in adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis at King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of adult patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis via central venous hemodialysis catheters at King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda. Upon receiving the IRB approval, 81 eligible patients, women, and men aged between 19 and 74, were enrolled. Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) analysis evaluated the risk factors for CRBSI. The statistical significance was determined using p-values, with a cut-off of 0.05. Results The incidence of CRBSI was found to be 0.78 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days. Acute hemodialysis catheter type and anemia were associated with increased risk for CRBSI, with a P-value less than 0.05. In addition, all CRBSI cases were due to bacteria, with 52.63% gram-negative and 47.37% gram-positive. Out of 19 CRBSI events, nine cases (47.37%) required hospitalization with a median duration of seven days. Approximately half of the CRBSIs required catheter removal. No metastatic infection or death was noted. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that our hemodialysis unit has an incidence of 0.78 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days. Catheter type and anemia were significantly associated with CRBSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69548
Ryan E Bailey, Marcela Mazo Canola
This case shares the case of a post-menopausal woman who develops Philadelphia chromosome-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) while receiving treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. The patient received a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor + aromatase inhibitor (AI) for the IDC; hyperfractionate cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), methotrexate, and cytarabine (hyperCVAD), and the steroid hormone dexamethasone were added to treat the B-ALL. HyperCVAD combined with CDK 4/6 inhibitor + AI was very well tolerated. The CDK 4/6 inhibitor and AI were only held once in the treatment course due to adverse effect (AE) intolerance. The patient remains on a CDK 4/6 inhibitor and ponatinib with only low-grade fatigue as an AE. This case underscores the importance of a concurrent approach to managing hematologic and breast malignancies. The combined treatment regimens were effective and well-tolerated. Vigilant follow-up is essential for patients in remission from both malignancies, ensuring effective disease surveillance and treatment management. Integrated care remains pivotal for optimal outcomes.
本病例分享了一名绝经后妇女在接受乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)治疗期间罹患费城染色体阳性 B 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的病例。患者接受了细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)4/6抑制剂+芳香化酶抑制剂(AI)治疗IDC;在治疗B-ALL时加入了超分数环磷酰胺、硫酸长春新碱、盐酸多柔比星(阿霉素)、甲氨蝶呤和阿糖胞苷(hyperCVAD)以及类固醇激素地塞米松。超CVAD联合CDK 4/6抑制剂+人工合成药物的耐受性非常好。CDK 4/6抑制剂和AI仅在治疗过程中因不良反应(AE)不耐受而暂停过一次。该患者目前仍在服用 CDK 4/6 抑制剂和泊纳替尼,仅出现了低度乏力的不良反应。该病例强调了同时治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤和乳腺恶性肿瘤的重要性。联合治疗方案有效且耐受性良好。对两种恶性肿瘤均处于缓解期的患者进行密切随访至关重要,以确保有效的疾病监测和治疗管理。综合治疗仍然是取得最佳疗效的关键。
{"title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Patient With Advanced Breast Cancer Treated With Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Endocrine Therapy.","authors":"Ryan E Bailey, Marcela Mazo Canola","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case shares the case of a post-menopausal woman who develops Philadelphia chromosome-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) while receiving treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. The patient received a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor + aromatase inhibitor (AI) for the IDC; hyperfractionate cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), methotrexate, and cytarabine (hyperCVAD), and the steroid hormone dexamethasone were added to treat the B-ALL. HyperCVAD combined with CDK 4/6 inhibitor + AI was very well tolerated. The CDK 4/6 inhibitor and AI were only held once in the treatment course due to adverse effect (AE) intolerance. The patient remains on a CDK 4/6 inhibitor and ponatinib with only low-grade fatigue as an AE. This case underscores the importance of a concurrent approach to managing hematologic and breast malignancies. The combined treatment regimens were effective and well-tolerated. Vigilant follow-up is essential for patients in remission from both malignancies, ensuring effective disease surveillance and treatment management. Integrated care remains pivotal for optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11405092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69527
Adrian Parra, Russ A Kuker
A diagnosis of calciphylaxis is rare amongst the vulnerable population of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, it has poor outcomes when it does present. With ineffective clearance due to reduced kidney function, calcium and phosphorus accumulate and deposit in the intimal layer of blood vessels and other soft tissues throughout the body. It can be proven using biopsy of skin lesions characteristic of the disease or with less invasive methods including X-ray and bone scintigraphy. Calciphylaxis is typically seen in middle-aged patients who have undergone prolonged dialysis treatment and has a devastating prognosis unless the patient can obtain a renal transplant. In this report, we present a case of a 30-year-old female patient with calciphylaxis and highlight the value of bone scintigraphy for diagnosis, while noting the importance of organ transplant for proper treatment.
在终末期肾病(ESRD)患者这一脆弱群体中,钙磷血症的诊断非常罕见;然而,一旦确诊,后果却很糟糕。由于肾功能减退,钙和磷不能被有效清除,因此会在血管内膜层和全身其他软组织中积聚和沉积。可以通过对该病特征性皮肤病变进行活检,或通过 X 射线和骨闪烁成像等侵入性较小的方法来证实。钙化病通常发生在接受过长期透析治疗的中年患者身上,除非患者能获得肾移植,否则其预后将不堪设想。在本报告中,我们介绍了一例 30 岁的女性钙铁病患者,并强调了骨闪烁成像在诊断中的价值,同时指出了器官移植对正确治疗的重要性。
{"title":"Calciphylaxis in a 30-Year-Old Woman With Alcoholic Cirrhosis: A Case Report.","authors":"Adrian Parra, Russ A Kuker","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A diagnosis of calciphylaxis is rare amongst the vulnerable population of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, it has poor outcomes when it does present. With ineffective clearance due to reduced kidney function, calcium and phosphorus accumulate and deposit in the intimal layer of blood vessels and other soft tissues throughout the body. It can be proven using biopsy of skin lesions characteristic of the disease or with less invasive methods including X-ray and bone scintigraphy. Calciphylaxis is typically seen in middle-aged patients who have undergone prolonged dialysis treatment and has a devastating prognosis unless the patient can obtain a renal transplant. In this report, we present a case of a 30-year-old female patient with calciphylaxis and highlight the value of bone scintigraphy for diagnosis, while noting the importance of organ transplant for proper treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69454
Ravi P Rajkumar
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide. These conditions are characterized by excessive anxiety that is difficult to control. In most anxiety disorders, symptoms are triggered by exposure to specific objects or situations. This leads sufferers to avoid such exposures, leading to impaired social and occupational functioning and reduced quality of life. Therapies based on behavioral principles, either alone or in combination with cognitive techniques, are the most effective psychological interventions for anxiety disorders. However, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited due to a lack of generalization from clinic to real-world settings. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that provides an interactive experience by superimposing computer-generated content, often in multiple sensory modalities, on the real world. Emerging evidence suggests that AR may be useful in treating a broad range of mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. This review examines the evidence for the use of AR-based techniques as an aid to behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders. The available evidence suggests that this method may offer significant advantages over conventional therapies, particularly in the case of specific phobias, but also in social anxiety disorder. AR can also be combined with other novel technologies to monitor psychophysiological markers of anxiety and its reduction over the course of treatment. The advantages of AR could be related to its combination of real and simulated content, allowing for better generalization of the benefits of conventional exposure-based therapy. Though the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of this method need to be confirmed in larger samples, it could lead to a paradigm shift in the way behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders are conceptualized and delivered.
焦虑症是全球最常见的精神疾病之一。这些疾病的特征是难以控制的过度焦虑。在大多数焦虑症患者中,症状是由接触特定对象或情境引发的。这导致患者避免接触这些事物,从而损害社交和职业功能,降低生活质量。基于行为原则的疗法,无论是单独使用还是与认知技术相结合,都是治疗焦虑症最有效的心理干预措施。然而,由于缺乏从诊所到现实世界环境的普适性,这些疗法的效果可能有限。增强现实(AR)是一种通过在现实世界中叠加计算机生成的内容(通常是多种感官模式)来提供互动体验的技术。新的证据表明,增强现实技术可用于治疗包括焦虑症在内的多种精神障碍。本综述研究了使用基于 AR 的技术辅助焦虑症的行为或认知行为疗法的证据。现有证据表明,与传统疗法相比,这种方法具有显著优势,尤其是在特定恐惧症和社交焦虑症方面。AR 还可与其他新型技术相结合,监测焦虑的心理生理指标以及在治疗过程中焦虑的减轻情况。增强现实技术的优势可能与它结合了真实和模拟内容有关,可以更好地推广传统暴露疗法的益处。虽然这种方法的安全性、有效性和成本效益还需要在更大的样本中得到证实,但它可能会导致焦虑症行为疗法的概念和实施方式发生范式转变。
{"title":"Augmented Reality as an Aid to Behavior Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ravi P Rajkumar","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide. These conditions are characterized by excessive anxiety that is difficult to control. In most anxiety disorders, symptoms are triggered by exposure to specific objects or situations. This leads sufferers to avoid such exposures, leading to impaired social and occupational functioning and reduced quality of life. Therapies based on behavioral principles, either alone or in combination with cognitive techniques, are the most effective psychological interventions for anxiety disorders. However, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited due to a lack of generalization from clinic to real-world settings. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that provides an interactive experience by superimposing computer-generated content, often in multiple sensory modalities, on the real world. Emerging evidence suggests that AR may be useful in treating a broad range of mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. This review examines the evidence for the use of AR-based techniques as an aid to behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders. The available evidence suggests that this method may offer significant advantages over conventional therapies, particularly in the case of specific phobias, but also in social anxiety disorder. AR can also be combined with other novel technologies to monitor psychophysiological markers of anxiety and its reduction over the course of treatment. The advantages of AR could be related to its combination of real and simulated content, allowing for better generalization of the benefits of conventional exposure-based therapy. Though the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of this method need to be confirmed in larger samples, it could lead to a paradigm shift in the way behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders are conceptualized and delivered.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69466
Ethan Salter, Sophia I Salter, William Im, Aengela J Kim, Rachel Williams, Christina Liou, Stephen Liu, Antonio K Liu
Stuttering is a complex speech disorder that is associated with a variety of etiologies, including psychological factors, metabolic disorders, and structural abnormalities. While stuttering is typically not caused by stroke, it is important to include it in the diagnostic evaluation, especially in patients with a history of neurological conditions. Of the clinical presentations of stroke-induced stuttering, transient stuttering following stroke has seldom been documented, as most patients who develop a stutter following a stroke end up developing permanent speech deficits. Additionally, as most cases of stroke-induced stuttering are part of a broader neurological presentation, stuttering generally does not present as an isolated symptom. Furthermore, although strokes of various sizes have been implicated in stuttering, it is quite uncommon for the affected lesion to be smaller than 1 cm. We present a rare case of transient, isolated stuttering following a subcentimeter stroke and a subsequent review of relevant literature. Our case report highlights the diversity of stroke-related speech disorders and the importance of considering even minor strokes in the differential diagnosis of stuttering.
{"title":"Transient Stuttering as a Sole Presentation in a Patient With a Subcentimeter Left Frontal Cortical Ischemic Infarct.","authors":"Ethan Salter, Sophia I Salter, William Im, Aengela J Kim, Rachel Williams, Christina Liou, Stephen Liu, Antonio K Liu","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stuttering is a complex speech disorder that is associated with a variety of etiologies, including psychological factors, metabolic disorders, and structural abnormalities. While stuttering is typically not caused by stroke, it is important to include it in the diagnostic evaluation, especially in patients with a history of neurological conditions. Of the clinical presentations of stroke-induced stuttering, transient stuttering following stroke has seldom been documented, as most patients who develop a stutter following a stroke end up developing permanent speech deficits. Additionally, as most cases of stroke-induced stuttering are part of a broader neurological presentation, stuttering generally does not present as an isolated symptom. Furthermore, although strokes of various sizes have been implicated in stuttering, it is quite uncommon for the affected lesion to be smaller than 1 cm. We present a rare case of transient, isolated stuttering following a subcentimeter stroke and a subsequent review of relevant literature. Our case report highlights the diversity of stroke-related speech disorders and the importance of considering even minor strokes in the differential diagnosis of stuttering.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11405082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69457
Yovan Ram Kurrun Sumaruth, Elmahi Mohammed, Emma Louise Robinson, Manasi Limaye
Anti-Hu is the most commonly associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) - mainly secondary to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), breast cancer, thymoma, and lymphoma. This case is about a 65-year-old female patient presenting with slurred speech, headache, and loss of balance for one day. On examination, she was found to have downbeat and bilateral gaze-evoked nystagmus, dysarthria, and bilateral intention tremors. The rest of the neurological examination was unremarkable. Upon investigation, a CT scan showed a pre-sacral mass and a PET scan showed a lobulated soft tissue mesenteric mass at L5/S1, thought to possibly be a gastrointestinal stromal tumour, and mediastinal lymph nodes including right lower pre-tracheal, subcarinal and right hilar lymph nodes. Additionally, paraneoplastic antibody testing was positive for anti-Hu antibodies. She was given a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin without significant clinical improvement. The patient was discharged on a fast-track pathway and did not undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical resection as the primary tumour could not be diagnosed. Paraneoplastic antibodies are a family of autoantibodies occurring as a result of malignancy that act to recognize antigens in the brain, resulting in a variety of neurological manifestations. Despite well-known literature on this entity, PNS is notoriously difficult to diagnose and manage. The first step in the management of PNS is to treat the underlying malignancy. Beyond this, the other key component of PNS treatment is immune modulation which may involve immunosuppression with high-dose corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulins, plasma exchange or plasmapheresis. It is therefore important for PNS to be diagnosed early and to adopt a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to improve the outcomes of those presenting with PNS.
{"title":"Complexities in the Diagnosis and Management of Anti-Hu Antibody-Associated Paraneoplastic Syndrome.","authors":"Yovan Ram Kurrun Sumaruth, Elmahi Mohammed, Emma Louise Robinson, Manasi Limaye","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-Hu is the most commonly associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) - mainly secondary to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), breast cancer, thymoma, and lymphoma. This case is about a 65-year-old female patient presenting with slurred speech, headache, and loss of balance for one day. On examination, she was found to have downbeat and bilateral gaze-evoked nystagmus, dysarthria, and bilateral intention tremors. The rest of the neurological examination was unremarkable. Upon investigation, a CT scan showed a pre-sacral mass and a PET scan showed a lobulated soft tissue mesenteric mass at L5/S1, thought to possibly be a gastrointestinal stromal tumour, and mediastinal lymph nodes including right lower pre-tracheal, subcarinal and right hilar lymph nodes. Additionally, paraneoplastic antibody testing was positive for anti-Hu antibodies. She was given a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin without significant clinical improvement. The patient was discharged on a fast-track pathway and did not undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical resection as the primary tumour could not be diagnosed. Paraneoplastic antibodies are a family of autoantibodies occurring as a result of malignancy that act to recognize antigens in the brain, resulting in a variety of neurological manifestations. Despite well-known literature on this entity, PNS is notoriously difficult to diagnose and manage. The first step in the management of PNS is to treat the underlying malignancy. Beyond this, the other key component of PNS treatment is immune modulation which may involve immunosuppression with high-dose corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulins, plasma exchange or plasmapheresis. It is therefore important for PNS to be diagnosed early and to adopt a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to improve the outcomes of those presenting with PNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69469
Daniel J Rams, Maria Klimeczek-Chrapusta, Kacper Stolarz, Piotr Panek, Anna Chrapusta
We present a case report of a 47-year-old male with an extensive tissue deficiency of the right lower leg. The patient was hospitalized for approximately one month in the intensive care unit following a motorcycle accident that resulted in polytrauma. He suffered a fracture of frontal and parietal bones, traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hematoma with a subarachnoid hemorrhage and thoracic trauma. At first, lower leg wound was treated with a negative pressure wound therapy vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) dressing. Afterwards, he was qualified for a surgical wound closure with synchronous use of two reverse flow flaps: a reverse sural flap (RSF) and a reverse hemisoleus muscle flap (RHMF). Both flaps were dissected, and the RHMF was used to cover the exposed bone and the fracture site while the RSF closed the distal part of the wound. Split-thickness skin graft was meshed in scale of 1:1.5 and used to cover the RHMF and the remaining lower leg wounds. In the following days, uneventful wound healing was observed and the patient was discharged on day 34. The patient was invited for a follow-up examination two years after the procedure. His quality of life was assessed using SF-36 and Lower Extremity Functional Scale. It was determined to be satisfactory when compared to patients with identical injuries. Ultrasound examination of the gradient and blood flow velocity showed preserved graft perfusion and no structural abnormalities were detected. Adequate wound preparation and the choice of surgical technique allowed rapid healing and, above all, salvage of the limb that was at high risk of amputation.
{"title":"Innovative Synchronous Use of a Reverse Sural Flap and Reverse Hemisoleus Muscle Flap for Post-traumatic Lower Leg Reconstruction: A Case Report With a Long Term Follow-Up and a Quality of Life Assessment.","authors":"Daniel J Rams, Maria Klimeczek-Chrapusta, Kacper Stolarz, Piotr Panek, Anna Chrapusta","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case report of a 47-year-old male with an extensive tissue deficiency of the right lower leg. The patient was hospitalized for approximately one month in the intensive care unit following a motorcycle accident that resulted in polytrauma. He suffered a fracture of frontal and parietal bones, traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hematoma with a subarachnoid hemorrhage and thoracic trauma. At first, lower leg wound was treated with a negative pressure wound therapy vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) dressing. Afterwards, he was qualified for a surgical wound closure with synchronous use of two reverse flow flaps: a reverse sural flap (RSF) and a reverse hemisoleus muscle flap (RHMF). Both flaps were dissected, and the RHMF was used to cover the exposed bone and the fracture site while the RSF closed the distal part of the wound. Split-thickness skin graft was meshed in scale of 1:1.5 and used to cover the RHMF and the remaining lower leg wounds. In the following days, uneventful wound healing was observed and the patient was discharged on day 34. The patient was invited for a follow-up examination two years after the procedure. His quality of life was assessed using SF-36 and Lower Extremity Functional Scale. It was determined to be satisfactory when compared to patients with identical injuries. Ultrasound examination of the gradient and blood flow velocity showed preserved graft perfusion and no structural abnormalities were detected. Adequate wound preparation and the choice of surgical technique allowed rapid healing and, above all, salvage of the limb that was at high risk of amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69398
Mohammed Al Kurnas, Madison Webster, Xinxin Wu, Peter T Silberstein
Introduction Amelanotic melanoma (AM) is a rare form of melanoma that lacks pigment. Although curable when diagnosed early, it is often missed or mistaken for other benign conditions. There has not been a study investigating the impact of demographic features on the diagnosis of stage 0-I (early-stage) versus stage IV AM. Objective This study addresses a gap in knowledge regarding demographic factors that influence the odds of early-stage vs. stage IV diagnosis of AM. Methods This study identified 684 patients from the National Cancer Database who were diagnosed with early-stage AM or stage IV AM from 2004 to 2020 and compared them based on age, sex, race, insurance, income, education, insurance status, rurality, facility type, geographic region, and Charleson-Deyo score. Socioeconomic and demographic features of patients with early-stage and stage IV were compared using the chi-squared test, the independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results Most cases analyzed were White (98.5%), male (57.7%), and lived in a metropolitan setting (86.7%). Males made up most of the early-stage and stage IV groups (55.0% vs. 45% and 66.5% vs. 33.5%, respectively, p < 0.05). Younger age is associated with decreased odds of stage IV disease (OR = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.952-0.993, p < 0.05). In addition, the female sex is associated with decreased odds of stage IV disease (OR = 0.584, 95% CI = 0.381-0.897, p < 0.05). Conclusions Age and sex are two variables that influence the odds of stage IV diagnosis in patients with AM, which is strongly associated with worse survival outcomes.
导言黑色素瘤(AM)是一种缺乏色素的罕见黑色素瘤。虽然早期诊断可治愈,但它经常被漏诊或误诊为其他良性疾病。目前还没有一项研究调查了人口统计学特征对 0-I 期(早期)与 IV 期 AM 诊断的影响。目的 本研究填补了有关影响 AM 早期与 IV 期诊断几率的人口统计学因素的知识空白。方法 本研究从美国国家癌症数据库(National Cancer Database)中确定了 684 名在 2004 年至 2020 年期间被诊断为早期 AM 或 IV 期 AM 的患者,并根据年龄、性别、种族、保险、收入、教育程度、保险状况、农村地区、医疗机构类型、地理区域和 Charleson-Deyo 评分对他们进行了比较。采用卡方检验、独立 t 检验和多变量逻辑回归对早期和 IV 期患者的社会经济和人口特征进行了比较。统计显著性设定为 α = 0.05。结果 分析的大多数病例为白人(98.5%)、男性(57.7%)、居住在大都市(86.7%)。男性在早期和 IV 期病例中占多数(分别为 55.0% 对 45% 和 66.5% 对 33.5%,P < 0.05)。年龄越小,罹患 IV 期疾病的几率越小(OR = 0.973,95% CI = 0.952-0.993,P < 0.05)。此外,女性患 IV 期疾病的几率降低(OR = 0.584,95% CI = 0.381-0.897,p < 0.05)。结论 年龄和性别是影响 AM 患者确诊 IV 期几率的两个变量,而 IV 期与较差的生存预后密切相关。
{"title":"Impact of Demographics on Early-Stage vs. Stage IV Diagnosis in Amelanotic Melanoma: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database.","authors":"Mohammed Al Kurnas, Madison Webster, Xinxin Wu, Peter T Silberstein","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction Amelanotic melanoma (AM) is a rare form of melanoma that lacks pigment. Although curable when diagnosed early, it is often missed or mistaken for other benign conditions. There has not been a study investigating the impact of demographic features on the diagnosis of stage 0-I (early-stage) versus stage IV AM. Objective This study addresses a gap in knowledge regarding demographic factors that influence the odds of early-stage vs. stage IV diagnosis of AM. Methods This study identified 684 patients from the National Cancer Database who were diagnosed with early-stage AM or stage IV AM from 2004 to 2020 and compared them based on age, sex, race, insurance, income, education, insurance status, rurality, facility type, geographic region, and Charleson-Deyo score. Socioeconomic and demographic features of patients with early-stage and stage IV were compared using the chi-squared test, the independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results Most cases analyzed were White (98.5%), male (57.7%), and lived in a metropolitan setting (86.7%). Males made up most of the early-stage and stage IV groups (55.0% vs. 45% and 66.5% vs. 33.5%, respectively, p < 0.05). Younger age is associated with decreased odds of stage IV disease (OR = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.952-0.993, p < 0.05). In addition, the female sex is associated with decreased odds of stage IV disease (OR = 0.584, 95% CI = 0.381-0.897, p < 0.05). Conclusions Age and sex are two variables that influence the odds of stage IV diagnosis in patients with AM, which is strongly associated with worse survival outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69399
Luka Katsitadze, Giorgi Javakhishvili, George Burkadze, Sofia Nemsadze, Vakhtang Shiukashvili, George Kandelaki, Tinatin Gabrichidze, Tamar Didbaridze, Lia Janashvili
Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive fungal infection that typically affects immunocompromised patients and diabetics. These fungi are found in soil and vegetation and can be easily inhaled by humans in day-to-day life; however, infection is rare unless specific risk factors are present. This case report presents a typical case of a 39-year-old male with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Initially presenting with a toothache in the upper molars, the infection quickly progressed to sinusitis, necrosis, and multiorgan failure. Based on our experience, prompt recognition of mucormycosis in risk-group patients is essential for improving future outcomes.
{"title":"Mucormycosis in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report From Georgia.","authors":"Luka Katsitadze, Giorgi Javakhishvili, George Burkadze, Sofia Nemsadze, Vakhtang Shiukashvili, George Kandelaki, Tinatin Gabrichidze, Tamar Didbaridze, Lia Janashvili","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive fungal infection that typically affects immunocompromised patients and diabetics. These fungi are found in soil and vegetation and can be easily inhaled by humans in day-to-day life; however, infection is rare unless specific risk factors are present. This case report presents a typical case of a 39-year-old male with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Initially presenting with a toothache in the upper molars, the infection quickly progressed to sinusitis, necrosis, and multiorgan failure. Based on our experience, prompt recognition of mucormycosis in risk-group patients is essential for improving future outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69389
Yamen Shayah, Osama Almadhoun, Drew Pierce, John H Lillvis, Rabheh Abdul-Aziz
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgia or arthritis, GI symptoms, and renal involvement. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, a rare condition, occurs when the third part of the duodenum is compressed between the aorta and the SMA, leading to upper intestinal obstruction. This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and management of an eight-year-old girl with HSP complicated by SMA syndrome. The patient initially presented with abdominal pain and vomiting, eventually developing the characteristic rash of HSP. While initial management was supportive, her condition deteriorated. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in significant symptom improvement and resolution of both SMA syndrome and HSP manifestations. This case highlights the need to recognize SMA syndrome as a potential complication of HSP and demonstrates the effectiveness of steroid therapy in managing this condition. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive treatment guidelines for HSP patients with SMA syndrome.
过敏性紫癜(HSP)是一种全身性血管炎,以可触及的紫癜、关节痛或关节炎、消化道症状和肾脏受累为特征。肠系膜上动脉(SMA)综合征是一种罕见病,当十二指肠的第三部分受压于主动脉和肠系膜上动脉之间时,会导致上肠梗阻。本病例报告描述了一名患有 HSP 并发 SMA 综合征的八岁女孩的临床表现、诊断过程和治疗方法。患者最初表现为腹痛和呕吐,最终出现了 HSP 的特征性皮疹。虽然最初的治疗是支持性的,但她的病情不断恶化。经静脉注射甲基强的松龙治疗后,症状明显改善,SMA 综合征和 HSP 表现均得到缓解。该病例强调了将 SMA 综合征视为 HSP 潜在并发症的必要性,并证明了类固醇疗法在控制该病症方面的有效性。需要进一步开展研究,为患有 SMA 综合征的 HSP 患者制定全面的治疗指南。
{"title":"Rare Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in an Eight-Year-Old Girl With Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Case Report.","authors":"Yamen Shayah, Osama Almadhoun, Drew Pierce, John H Lillvis, Rabheh Abdul-Aziz","doi":"10.7759/cureus.69389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgia or arthritis, GI symptoms, and renal involvement. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, a rare condition, occurs when the third part of the duodenum is compressed between the aorta and the SMA, leading to upper intestinal obstruction. This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and management of an eight-year-old girl with HSP complicated by SMA syndrome. The patient initially presented with abdominal pain and vomiting, eventually developing the characteristic rash of HSP. While initial management was supportive, her condition deteriorated. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in significant symptom improvement and resolution of both SMA syndrome and HSP manifestations. This case highlights the need to recognize SMA syndrome as a potential complication of HSP and demonstrates the effectiveness of steroid therapy in managing this condition. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive treatment guidelines for HSP patients with SMA syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}