Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is the most common cause of orbital tissue inflammation, accounting for about 60% of all orbital inflammations. The inflammatory activity and severity of TO should be diagnosed based on personal experience and according to standard diagnostic criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit is used not only to identify swelling and to differentiate inflammatory active from non-active TO, but also to exclude other pathologies, such as orbital tumours or vascular lesions. However, a group of diseases can mimic the clinical manifestations of TO, leading to serious diagnostic difficulties, especially when the patient has previously been diagnosed with a thyroid disorder. Diagnostic problems can be presented by cases of unilateral TO, unilateral or bilateral TO in patients with no previous or concomitant symptoms of thyroid disorders, lack of symptoms of eyelid retraction, divergent strabismus, diplopia as the only symptom of the disease, and history of increasing diplopia at the end of the day. The lack of visible efficacy of ongoing immunosuppressive treatment should also raise caution and lead to a differential diagnosis of TO. Differential diagnosis of TO and evaluation of its activity includes conditions leading to redness and/or swelling of the conjunctiva and/or eyelids, and other causes of ocular motility disorders and eye-setting disorders. In this paper, the authors review the most common diseases that can mimic TO or falsify the assessment of inflammatory activity of TO.
甲状腺眼眶病(TO)是眼眶组织炎症最常见的原因,约占眼眶炎症总数的60%。应根据个人经验和标准诊断标准来诊断甲状腺眼眶病的炎症活动和严重程度。眼眶磁共振成像(MRI)不仅可用于识别肿胀和区分炎症活动性和非活动性TO,还可用于排除其他病变,如眼眶肿瘤或血管病变。然而,有一组疾病可模仿TO的临床表现,从而导致严重的诊断困难,尤其是当患者之前曾被诊断为甲状腺疾病时。单侧TO、单侧或双侧TO的患者既往无甲状腺疾病症状或伴随甲状腺疾病症状、无眼睑后缩症状、分歧性斜视、复视是该病的唯一症状,以及在一天结束时复视加重的病史等病例都可能带来诊断问题。持续的免疫抑制治疗缺乏明显疗效也应引起警惕,并导致 TO 的鉴别诊断。TO 的鉴别诊断及其活动性评估包括导致结膜和/或眼睑发红和/或肿胀的疾病,以及导致眼球运动障碍和复视障碍的其他原因。在本文中,作者回顾了可模拟 TO 或伪造 TO 炎症活动评估的最常见疾病。
{"title":"Differential diagnosis of thyroid orbitopathy - diseases mimicking the presentation or activity of thyroid orbitopathy.","authors":"Mariusz Nowak, Wojciech Nowak, Bogdan Marek, Beata Kos-Kudła, Lucyna Siemińska, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Dariusz Kajdaniuk","doi":"10.5603/ep.98156","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.98156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is the most common cause of orbital tissue inflammation, accounting for about 60% of all orbital inflammations. The inflammatory activity and severity of TO should be diagnosed based on personal experience and according to standard diagnostic criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit is used not only to identify swelling and to differentiate inflammatory active from non-active TO, but also to exclude other pathologies, such as orbital tumours or vascular lesions. However, a group of diseases can mimic the clinical manifestations of TO, leading to serious diagnostic difficulties, especially when the patient has previously been diagnosed with a thyroid disorder. Diagnostic problems can be presented by cases of unilateral TO, unilateral or bilateral TO in patients with no previous or concomitant symptoms of thyroid disorders, lack of symptoms of eyelid retraction, divergent strabismus, diplopia as the only symptom of the disease, and history of increasing diplopia at the end of the day. The lack of visible efficacy of ongoing immunosuppressive treatment should also raise caution and lead to a differential diagnosis of TO. Differential diagnosis of TO and evaluation of its activity includes conditions leading to redness and/or swelling of the conjunctiva and/or eyelids, and other causes of ocular motility disorders and eye-setting disorders. In this paper, the authors review the most common diseases that can mimic TO or falsify the assessment of inflammatory activity of TO.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elżbieta Moszczyńska, Marta Baszyńska-Wilk, Patrycja Dasiewicz, Aleksandra Tutka, Anna Smorczewska-Kiljan, Magdalena Marszał, Iwona Pakuła-Kościesza
Not required for Clinical Vignette.
临床小论文不需要。
{"title":"Effect of steroid therapy in a 16-year-old girl observed for lymphocytic hypophysitis.","authors":"Elżbieta Moszczyńska, Marta Baszyńska-Wilk, Patrycja Dasiewicz, Aleksandra Tutka, Anna Smorczewska-Kiljan, Magdalena Marszał, Iwona Pakuła-Kościesza","doi":"10.5603/ep.96770","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.96770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignette.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wojciech Pluskiewicz, Piotr Adamczyk, Aleksandra Werner, Malgorzata Bach, Bogna Drozdzowska
Introduction: In daily practice the diagnostic process for osteoporosis in elderly patients should also include physical assessment. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that height loss (HL) predicts fracture incidence.
Material and methods: The study was performed in an epidemiological sample of postmenopausal women recruited in the RAC-OST-POL study. At baseline, data were collected in 978 postmenopausal women at a mean age of 66.48±7.6 years, and at 10-year follow-up 640 patients remained, with a mean age of 75.04 ± 6.95 years. Current height and HL were established in regard to maximal life height. Data on fracture incidence were gathered throughout the period of observation.
Results: During the follow-up period 190 osteoporotic fractures were noted. Ninety-one women had one fracture, and in 38 women, multiple fractures occurred. In the fractured and unfractured subgroups, HL was 5.45 ± 3.28 and 4.8 ± 3.56 cm, respectively, and differed significantly (p < 0.05). HL in subjects without fracture did not differ from those with one fracture (HL 4.8 ± 3.56 vs. 4.8 ± 2.66 cm, respectively). For patients with more than one fracture HL was 7.03 ± 4.06 cm and was significantly higher than in subjects with one or without any fracture (p < 0.01). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, HL of 6 cm was identified as the cut-off point for high risk of multiple fractures.
Conclusion: HL of at least 6 cm is the predictor of multiple fractures in a prospective observation of a representative epidemiological female sample. Therefore, the measurement of HL should always be included in patients' assessments.
{"title":"Height loss in postmenopausal women predicts multiple fractures in 10-year follow-up: results from the RAC-OST-POL study.","authors":"Wojciech Pluskiewicz, Piotr Adamczyk, Aleksandra Werner, Malgorzata Bach, Bogna Drozdzowska","doi":"10.5603/ep.97226","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.97226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In daily practice the diagnostic process for osteoporosis in elderly patients should also include physical assessment. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that height loss (HL) predicts fracture incidence.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was performed in an epidemiological sample of postmenopausal women recruited in the RAC-OST-POL study. At baseline, data were collected in 978 postmenopausal women at a mean age of 66.48±7.6 years, and at 10-year follow-up 640 patients remained, with a mean age of 75.04 ± 6.95 years. Current height and HL were established in regard to maximal life height. Data on fracture incidence were gathered throughout the period of observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period 190 osteoporotic fractures were noted. Ninety-one women had one fracture, and in 38 women, multiple fractures occurred. In the fractured and unfractured subgroups, HL was 5.45 ± 3.28 and 4.8 ± 3.56 cm, respectively, and differed significantly (p < 0.05). HL in subjects without fracture did not differ from those with one fracture (HL 4.8 ± 3.56 vs. 4.8 ± 2.66 cm, respectively). For patients with more than one fracture HL was 7.03 ± 4.06 cm and was significantly higher than in subjects with one or without any fracture (p < 0.01). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, HL of 6 cm was identified as the cut-off point for high risk of multiple fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HL of at least 6 cm is the predictor of multiple fractures in a prospective observation of a representative epidemiological female sample. Therefore, the measurement of HL should always be included in patients' assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Rymuza, Aleksander Kuś, Dorota Białas-Niedziela, Monika Turczyńska, Dariusz Kęcik, Tomasz Bednarczuk
Not required for Clinical Vignettes.
临床小论文不要求。
{"title":"Long-term remission of corticosteroid-resistant Graves' orbitopathy after therapy with tocilizumab.","authors":"Joanna Rymuza, Aleksander Kuś, Dorota Białas-Niedziela, Monika Turczyńska, Dariusz Kęcik, Tomasz Bednarczuk","doi":"10.5603/ep.97224","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.97224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy among endocrine-related tumours. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main type of thyroid carcinoma, and almost 80% cases of thyroid carcinoma are diagnosed as PTC. The molecular mechanism underlying PTC progression is unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms of zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) function in PTC.
Material and methods: The expression of ZFAS1 and p53 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain analysis (qPCR) in PTC tissues derived from 20 PTC patients. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (qChIP) analysis was performed to validate the target of ZFAS1/p53 and miRNAs/p53. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE94908 was analysed to obtain the differentially expressed p53-associated microRNAs (miRNAs). Luciferase assay validated the target of ZFAS1/miRNAs, and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cell proliferation.
Results: The expression of ZFAS1 was up-regulated in the tissues derived from PTC patients, and the expression of ZFAS1 was negatively associated with p53 expression in PTC. The expression of ZFAS1 was significantly higher in the MDA-T120 cells harbouring mutant p53. We validated that ZFAS1 is a direct target of p53. In PTC cells, p53 directly repressed the ZFAS1 expression. In addition, we determined that miR-135b-5p and miR-193a-3p are directly induced by p53 in PTC cells. Interestingly, p53-targeted miR-135b-5p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-34b repressed the expression of ZFAS1 via the seed-matching sequences in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of ZFAS1, and thereby suppressed PTC cell proliferation induced by ZFAS1.
Conclusion: The oncogenic lncRNA ZFAS1 is directly repressed by p53 in PTC. p53-mediated miRNAs including miR-135b 5p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-34b repress ZFAS1 expression, and thereby inhibit the proliferation of PTC.
{"title":"p53-associated miRNAs repress lncRNA ZFAS1 to retard the proliferation of papillary thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Gang Wang, Liping Wei, Hui Yang","doi":"10.5603/ep.97567","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.97567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy among endocrine-related tumours. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main type of thyroid carcinoma, and almost 80% cases of thyroid carcinoma are diagnosed as PTC. The molecular mechanism underlying PTC progression is unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms of zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) function in PTC.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The expression of ZFAS1 and p53 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain analysis (qPCR) in PTC tissues derived from 20 PTC patients. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (qChIP) analysis was performed to validate the target of ZFAS1/p53 and miRNAs/p53. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE94908 was analysed to obtain the differentially expressed p53-associated microRNAs (miRNAs). Luciferase assay validated the target of ZFAS1/miRNAs, and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cell proliferation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of ZFAS1 was up-regulated in the tissues derived from PTC patients, and the expression of ZFAS1 was negatively associated with p53 expression in PTC. The expression of ZFAS1 was significantly higher in the MDA-T120 cells harbouring mutant p53. We validated that ZFAS1 is a direct target of p53. In PTC cells, p53 directly repressed the ZFAS1 expression. In addition, we determined that miR-135b-5p and miR-193a-3p are directly induced by p53 in PTC cells. Interestingly, p53-targeted miR-135b-5p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-34b repressed the expression of ZFAS1 via the seed-matching sequences in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of ZFAS1, and thereby suppressed PTC cell proliferation induced by ZFAS1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The oncogenic lncRNA ZFAS1 is directly repressed by p53 in PTC. p53-mediated miRNAs including miR-135b 5p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-34b repress ZFAS1 expression, and thereby inhibit the proliferation of PTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) close to the thyroid capsule.
Material and methods: This was a retrospective study of 202 patients with PTMC who underwent RFA close to the thyroid capsule and 80 patients with PTMC who underwent RFA far from the thyroid capsule between June 2015 and December 2022. The follow-up time after RFA, change in size of tumour, location, thyroid function, the rates of PTMC disappearance, and complications were evaluated.
Results: A total of 202 patients with PTMC close to the thyroid capsule and 80 patients with PTMC far from the thyroid capsule successfully treated with RFA were studied. The thyroid function including free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed no changes after RFA for one months in both groups. The tumour size was increased at 1, 3, and 6 months after RFA compared with pre-operative RFA in both groups. The tumour size was decreased at 12 and 24 months after RFA compared with pre-operative RFA both in both group. Seventy-nine PTMC close to the thyroid capsule and 30 PTMC far from the thyroid capsule completely disappeared as assessed by ultrasound examination. Eighty-four PTMC patients close to the thyroid capsule and 34 PTMC patients far from the thyroid capsule had minor complications after RFA treatment. The complication rates between the 2 groups were similar.
Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided RFA seems to be an effective and safe method for patients with PTMC close to the thyroid capsule.
{"title":"Radiofrequency ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma close to the thyroid capsule versus far from the thyroid capsule: a retrospective study.","authors":"Jieli Luo, Tianchen Hui, Peile Jin, Yang Sun, Yajun Chen, Zimei Lin, Pintong Huang","doi":"10.5603/ep.95964","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.95964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) close to the thyroid capsule.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of 202 patients with PTMC who underwent RFA close to the thyroid capsule and 80 patients with PTMC who underwent RFA far from the thyroid capsule between June 2015 and December 2022. The follow-up time after RFA, change in size of tumour, location, thyroid function, the rates of PTMC disappearance, and complications were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 202 patients with PTMC close to the thyroid capsule and 80 patients with PTMC far from the thyroid capsule successfully treated with RFA were studied. The thyroid function including free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed no changes after RFA for one months in both groups. The tumour size was increased at 1, 3, and 6 months after RFA compared with pre-operative RFA in both groups. The tumour size was decreased at 12 and 24 months after RFA compared with pre-operative RFA both in both group. Seventy-nine PTMC close to the thyroid capsule and 30 PTMC far from the thyroid capsule completely disappeared as assessed by ultrasound examination. Eighty-four PTMC patients close to the thyroid capsule and 34 PTMC patients far from the thyroid capsule had minor complications after RFA treatment. The complication rates between the 2 groups were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound-guided RFA seems to be an effective and safe method for patients with PTMC close to the thyroid capsule.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-18DOI: 10.5603/ep.98899
Maciej Misiołek, Marta Rogalska, Maciej Zieliński, Anna Kasperczuk, Anna Koniewska
Introduction: Many transsexual women seek to feminise their voice through pitch elevation surgeries so that it becomes congruent with their gender identity. This study aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of Wendler glottoplasty (WG) in vocal feminisation through the assessment of acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of the voice, as well as voice-related quality of life (QoL) in male-to-female transsexuals.
Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of transsexual women who underwent WG for voice feminisation at our institution between 2016 and 2023. All acoustic and aerodynamic analyses, a voice self-assessment, and a videolaryngostroboscopic evaluation were performed in the immediate preoperative period and at the follow-up visit 6 weeks after the procedure.
Results: A total of 11 patients with a mean age of 32.73 years were included. After WG, there was a significant fundamental frequency and speaking fundamental frequency increase of 109.64 Hz and 83.48 Hz, respectively (p < 0.001), representing an average rise by 9.71 semitones and 8.36 semitones (STs), respectively. No significant differences were found between the mean pre- and postoperative values of fundamental frequencies, frequency range, upper limit of the frequency range of spoken voice, and maximum phonation time. Contrarily, the mean lower limit of frequency range rose by 75.56 Hz (p < 0.001), representing an average increase of 10.56 STs. None of the assessed spirometric parameters changed significantly after WG (p > 0.05). The mean overall Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) scores significantly improved after the surgery, decreasing by 24.54 points (p = 0.008) and 11.5 points (p = 0.001), respectively. A significant improvement was observed in the functional and emotional domains of VHI. Additionally, significantly fewer patients considered the overall quality of their voice to be "poor" after WG.
Conclusions: WG constitutes an effective method of surgical voice feminisation in male-to-female transsexuals with concurrent improvement in their voice-related QoL. Furthermore, it remains a safe procedure without persistent complications and negative influence on the acoustic-aerodynamic measures of the voice.
{"title":"Acoustic outcomes and voice-related quality of life in male-to-female transsexuals undergoing Wendler glottoplasty: a single-centre experience.","authors":"Maciej Misiołek, Marta Rogalska, Maciej Zieliński, Anna Kasperczuk, Anna Koniewska","doi":"10.5603/ep.98899","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.98899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many transsexual women seek to feminise their voice through pitch elevation surgeries so that it becomes congruent with their gender identity. This study aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of Wendler glottoplasty (WG) in vocal feminisation through the assessment of acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of the voice, as well as voice-related quality of life (QoL) in male-to-female transsexuals.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of transsexual women who underwent WG for voice feminisation at our institution between 2016 and 2023. All acoustic and aerodynamic analyses, a voice self-assessment, and a videolaryngostroboscopic evaluation were performed in the immediate preoperative period and at the follow-up visit 6 weeks after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 patients with a mean age of 32.73 years were included. After WG, there was a significant fundamental frequency and speaking fundamental frequency increase of 109.64 Hz and 83.48 Hz, respectively (p < 0.001), representing an average rise by 9.71 semitones and 8.36 semitones (STs), respectively. No significant differences were found between the mean pre- and postoperative values of fundamental frequencies, frequency range, upper limit of the frequency range of spoken voice, and maximum phonation time. Contrarily, the mean lower limit of frequency range rose by 75.56 Hz (p < 0.001), representing an average increase of 10.56 STs. None of the assessed spirometric parameters changed significantly after WG (p > 0.05). The mean overall Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) scores significantly improved after the surgery, decreasing by 24.54 points (p = 0.008) and 11.5 points (p = 0.001), respectively. A significant improvement was observed in the functional and emotional domains of VHI. Additionally, significantly fewer patients considered the overall quality of their voice to be \"poor\" after WG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WG constitutes an effective method of surgical voice feminisation in male-to-female transsexuals with concurrent improvement in their voice-related QoL. Furthermore, it remains a safe procedure without persistent complications and negative influence on the acoustic-aerodynamic measures of the voice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is confirmed as an important feature among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a vital marker of ovarian dysfunction, is proposed for inclusion in the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. We sought to investigate the relationship between the AMH level and IR in Chinese girls with PCOS.
Material and methods: 92 girls with PCOS aged 14-18 years were enrolled and divided into 2 subgroups: PCOS with IR group (n = 25) and PCOS without IR group (n = 67). A homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value ≥ 2.5 was defined as IR. Clinical data and biochemical indexes were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to determine which clinical variables were independently associated with IR and AMH level, respectively.
Results: PCOS girls with IR had higher levels of AMH than those of PCOS girls without IR (p < 0.01). Moreover, body mass index, triglyceride, and AMH values were shown to be independent risk factors for HOMA-IR after multivariate analysis. Meanwhile, age, insulin, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly related to AMH levels in those girls.
Conclusions: Our findings show that AMH is an independent determinant of IR in PCOS adolescents, and the fasting insulin level is closely associated with the AMH level, which indicates that the AMH pathway might play a role in the development of IR in PCOS adolescents. The interaction between AMH and IR in PCOS girls warrants further large-scale evaluation.
{"title":"Association of anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin resistance in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Gang Guo, Huan Zheng, Xia Wu","doi":"10.5603/ep.96323","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.96323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Insulin resistance (IR) is confirmed as an important feature among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a vital marker of ovarian dysfunction, is proposed for inclusion in the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. We sought to investigate the relationship between the AMH level and IR in Chinese girls with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>92 girls with PCOS aged 14-18 years were enrolled and divided into 2 subgroups: PCOS with IR group (n = 25) and PCOS without IR group (n = 67). A homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value ≥ 2.5 was defined as IR. Clinical data and biochemical indexes were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to determine which clinical variables were independently associated with IR and AMH level, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCOS girls with IR had higher levels of AMH than those of PCOS girls without IR (p < 0.01). Moreover, body mass index, triglyceride, and AMH values were shown to be independent risk factors for HOMA-IR after multivariate analysis. Meanwhile, age, insulin, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly related to AMH levels in those girls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings show that AMH is an independent determinant of IR in PCOS adolescents, and the fasting insulin level is closely associated with the AMH level, which indicates that the AMH pathway might play a role in the development of IR in PCOS adolescents. The interaction between AMH and IR in PCOS girls warrants further large-scale evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-26DOI: 10.5603/ep.97860
Marcin Gierach, Monika Rudewicz, Roman Junik
Iron is one of the essential microelements necessary for maintaining the body's homeostasis. It serves various roles, including being a crucial component in the proper structure of many enzymes and supporting the transport of oxygen and electrons. Its deficiency can lead to anaemia, which is a common clinical condition often associated with thyroid diseases. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies, and its prevalence is strongly associated with socioeconomic status. It is the primary cause of anaemia in 42% of children and 50% of women. Importantly, iron deficiency is placed among the top 5 causes of disability in women. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and iron is a key factor in its proper functioning. Therefore, in the case of iron deficiency, the activity of this enzyme is also reduced. Iron is also a factor that is important in epigenetic modification processes, and its deficiency may contribute to genomic changes potentially promoting the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Adequate supplementation in patients with Hashimoto's disease is one of the crucial elements of effective therapy. In addition to iodine, selenium, and magnesium supplementation, attention should be paid to proper iron intake. Iron is an element that is a component of the heme enzyme- thyroid peroxidase, which owes its activity to the binding of haem, and its function is the production of thyroid hormones. Iron can be delivered to the body in haem and non-haem forms. The haem form is found particularly in haemoglobin-rich red meat, but also in eggs, fish, and poultry. On the other hand, non-haem iron can be found in legumes, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Our study aimed to gather and summarise knowledge from scientific literature regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its association with hypothyroidism in women, as well as the possible mechanisms and pathogenesis of these conditions. The paper also aims to highlight that considering the high risk of iron deficiency, assessing iron status along with ferritin should be an integral part of additional diagnostic measures in cases of hypothyroidism, particularly Hashimoto's disease.
{"title":"Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis - systematic review.","authors":"Marcin Gierach, Monika Rudewicz, Roman Junik","doi":"10.5603/ep.97860","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.97860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron is one of the essential microelements necessary for maintaining the body's homeostasis. It serves various roles, including being a crucial component in the proper structure of many enzymes and supporting the transport of oxygen and electrons. Its deficiency can lead to anaemia, which is a common clinical condition often associated with thyroid diseases. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies, and its prevalence is strongly associated with socioeconomic status. It is the primary cause of anaemia in 42% of children and 50% of women. Importantly, iron deficiency is placed among the top 5 causes of disability in women. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and iron is a key factor in its proper functioning. Therefore, in the case of iron deficiency, the activity of this enzyme is also reduced. Iron is also a factor that is important in epigenetic modification processes, and its deficiency may contribute to genomic changes potentially promoting the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Adequate supplementation in patients with Hashimoto's disease is one of the crucial elements of effective therapy. In addition to iodine, selenium, and magnesium supplementation, attention should be paid to proper iron intake. Iron is an element that is a component of the heme enzyme- thyroid peroxidase, which owes its activity to the binding of haem, and its function is the production of thyroid hormones. Iron can be delivered to the body in haem and non-haem forms. The haem form is found particularly in haemoglobin-rich red meat, but also in eggs, fish, and poultry. On the other hand, non-haem iron can be found in legumes, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Our study aimed to gather and summarise knowledge from scientific literature regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its association with hypothyroidism in women, as well as the possible mechanisms and pathogenesis of these conditions. The paper also aims to highlight that considering the high risk of iron deficiency, assessing iron status along with ferritin should be an integral part of additional diagnostic measures in cases of hypothyroidism, particularly Hashimoto's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}