International journal of radiation biology最新文献

Purpose: Growing evidence from the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, and occupationally and medically exposed groups indicates that ionizing radiation could increase the risk of various diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), even at low levels of exposure. As radiation protection systems increasingly consider the possibility of individualized radiation protection, better understanding is needed of the factors that may impact radiation-related risk, whether intrinsic (such as age, sex or genetics), or extrinsic (such as smoking). Here, we comprehensively review potential effect modification of radiation exposure and the risk of DCS in medical, occupational and environmental settings.Conclusion: Several studies indicate potential effect modification, usually detrimental, with use of anthracycline in medical settings. There was some indication that younger age at exposure increased risk for various DCS outcomes, but this was less consistent across studies and settings. Interpretation of the data is complicated by considerations of statistical power, differences in specific disease outcomes, and narrow ranges of exposure and/or potential modifiers within studies. Future studies with well-defined exposure over a wide range of ages, along with biological samples, are required to better inform the nature of these interactions.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that substantially participate in regulating gene expression. Their participation in cancer development encompasses various critical pathways, spanning from cell transformation to the progression of tumor cells, metastasis, and even resistance to treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of miR-206 on radiosensitivity in breast cancer (BC) cells, SIRT1 activity, and p53 acetylation.

Method: miR-206 mimic or inhibitor was transfected into BC cell lines and exposed to X-ray radiation. MTT and colony-forming assays were used to estimate cell viability, and apoptosis was inspected using flow cytometry. SIRT1 enzymatic activity was assessed by a fluorescence method. The protein levels of p53 and its acetylation status were evaluated using western blotting. miR-206 levels were assessed in the breast tumor, marginal, and normal control tissue.

Results: The expression of miR-206 was significantly reduced in BC cell lines and tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. miR-206 reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis, and could enhance the suppressive effects of irradiation on cell viability, colony formation, and its ability to induce apoptosis. miR-206 effectively suppressed SIRT1 activity in BC cells. Moreover, miR-206 significantly increased the levels of p53 and its acetylated form.

Conclusion: The upregulation of miR-206 enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy by promoting apoptosis and reducing cell survival. It also resulted in elevated levels of p53 and its acetylation. Therefore, miR-206 may be considered a promising candidate for radiosensitizing BC cells.

Background: It is important to reduce the exposure to ionizing radiation, which is increasing due to medical diagnosis and treatments, and to determine the damage in the organism and the biological response to it. We aimed to investigate the radiological and biological effects of dose reduction in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), which is increasingly used.

Methods: 123 patients who underwent CTPA with suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism were divided into three groups and imaging was performed at three different kilovolt (kV) values (80, 100 and 120). Diagnostic quality, radiation exposure parameters (effective dose and dose length product [DLP]), oxidative stress parameters such as total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in pre- and post-scanning blood samples were evaluated. DNA was determined by comet assay.

Results: No significant difference was found in terms of diagnostic quality between the three groups (p > .005). Radiation exposure parameters increased statistically significantly in line with the kV values (p < .05). The smallest increase in DNA damage after scan was detected in the group with the 80 kV(p = .001). The increase in TOS, MDA and OSI values after imaging in all three groups was not statistically significant (p > .005). The decrease in TAS values was statistically significant only in groups II and III (p < .005).

Conclusion: CTPA can be performed at a low kV of 80 kV without loss of diagnostic quality. Unlike the increase in DNA damage as the kV value increased, the increase in oxidative stress parameters was not found to be significant. In addition, the decrease in TAS value was significant only for the 100 kV and 120 kV groups.

Purpose: Buckwheat is a major traditional crop of hilly regions, capable of growing in adverse climatic conditions. During the survey, it was reported that prolonged consumption of buckwheat leads to digestive problems and numbness. The present study was conducted to study the effect of γ-irradiations on buckwheat to make them suitable for daily consumption.

Materials and methods: Buckwheat seeds were irradiated by 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 Gy doses of γ-radiations, to access the phytoconstituent variability using standard methods.

Results: Significant (p < 0.05) increase in total phenol, total flavonoid, total antioxidant activity, rutin, β-carotene, iron, calcium up to 6.23, 16.48, 18.62, 19.06, 8.08, 47.66, 32.74% in common buckwheat and 9.58, 16.66, 39.16, 9.19, 9.00, 53.99, 36.75% in tartary buckwheat was found by increasing doses of γ-radiations up to 800 Gy. Significant decrease was found in phytate, tannin, and oxalate content up to 18.92, 17.95, 15.32% in common buckwheat and 24.73, 19.72, 24.07% in tartary buckwheat.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that 800 Gy dose of γ-radiation, maximally increased the nutritional value by significant (p < 0.05) increase in nutrients and their bioavailability. This makes buckwheat more amenable for daily consumption to fulfill RDA, by Himalayan population depending on traditional foods without any digestive problem. Furthermore, significant increase in rutin by γ-radiations will be useful to fulfill the demand of cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. But minimization of reduction loss for some nutrients by γ-radiations is the thrust area for future research.

Purpose: The study focused on developing a rapid PCR-based detection method and employing gamma irradiation techniques to manage Ralstonia solanacearum, aiming to produce brown rot-free export-quality potatoes. This initiative seeks to enhance potato exports from Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: Samples of potato tubers and soil were collected from various commercially significant potato-growing areas, resulting in a total of 168 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from potato tubers and soil across 12 regions. The detection of R. solanacearum in the enriched tuber extract and soil were conducted using the primer pairs (PS-1, PS-2) and (759, 760). For the gamma irradiation experiment, petri dishes containing R. solanacearum cultures were subjected to different doses of gamma rays at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture using a ⁶⁰Co source. The irradiation doses applied to the samples were 0-6.0KGy.

Results: Morphological identification based on pink/light red colonies on TTC medium was confirmed R. solanacearum in 148 isolates. PCR using species-specific primers (PS-1/PS-2) and (759, 760) verified 26 isolates (14 tubers, 12 soil), producing 553 bp and 281 bp fragments in latently infected tubers and soil samples respectively. Gamma irradiation at 2.5 kGy damaged R. solanacearum's DNA and cells, preventing brown rot, while higher doses eliminated it entirely. This offers a promising strategy to enhance safety of stored potatoes, potentially mitigating economic losses from this quarantine pathogen.

Conclusion: The study developed a PCR detection method and gamma irradiation techniques to manage R. solanacearum, enhancing the export quality of potatoes.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of radical radiotherapy (RT) relevant interruptions (RRI), single (sRRI) or multiple (mRRI), on Biochemical Failure-Free Survival (BFFS), Metastases-Free Survival (MFS) and Overall Survival (OS) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 383 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) who received radical RT between March 2013 and April 2021, with doses ranging from 60 to 80 Gy (median dose 76.0 Gy), either alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of sRRI and mRRI radiation-related interruptions on BFFS, MFS, and OS using the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, we adjusted for relevant prognostic factors using three multivariate Cox regression proportional hazard models.

Results: In the univariate analysis, it was observed that patients who experienced unexpected RRIs (50.1%: 35.5% sRRI and 14.6% mRRI), resulting in a median overall treatment time prolongation of five days, exhibited a higher incidence of biochemical failure (BF) and metastases (Met). However, no difference was observed in OS. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that RRIs were significantly associated with increased hazards of BF (sRRI, aHR: 4.61, 95% CI: 2.80-7.60; mRRIs, aHR: 9.92, 95% CI: 5.61-17.54), Met (sRRI, aHR: 4.20, 95% CI: 1.97-8.94; mRRI, aHR: 7.01, 95% CI: 2.94-6.71), and all-cause mortality (mRRI, aHR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.18-3.03).

Conclusions: sRRIs were associated with both lower BFFS and MFS, while mRRIs with both BFFS, MFS and OS.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the transcriptomic signatures of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) related to radioresistance and establish a model to predict radioresistance.

Materials and methods: Nine STS cell lines were cultured. Adenosine triphosphate-based viability was determined 5 days after irradiation with 8 Gy of X-rays in a single fraction. Radiosensitive and radioresistant groups were stratified according to the survival rates. Whole transcriptomic sequencing analysis was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the radiosensitive and radioresistant groups. For model generation, a cohort of 59 patients with sarcomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used. DEGs of the responder and non-responder groups according to the radiotherapy-best response were identified. The overlapping DEGs between those from TCGA data and the STS cell line were subjected to linear regression to develop a formula, namely the STS-specific radioresistance index (STS-RRI), and its performance was compared with that of the previously established radiosensitivity index (RSI).

Results: We selected thirteen overlapping DEGs and established STS-RRI using seven of them: STS-RRI = 1.5185 × MYO16-0.01575 × MYH11 + 3.900375 × KCTD16 + 0.105375 × SYNPO2-0.777375 × MYPN-0.849875 × PCSK6-0.700125 × LTK + 39.4635. Delong's test revealed that the STS-RRI performed better at stratifying responder and non-responder in TCGA cohort than the RSI (p = .002). The progression-free survival curves of the TCGA cohort were significantly discriminated by STS-RRI (p = .013) but not by RSI (p = .241).

Conclusion: We developed the STS-RRI to predict the radioresistance of patients with STS in the TCGA dataset, showing a higher performance than RSI.

Purpose: Thymoquinone (TQ) is an ingredient of Nigella sativa and Cisplatin (CDDP) is the most active chemotherapeutic agent in lung cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the anticancer effects of TQ in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and its effect on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) pathway.

Methods: Annexin-V FITC assay was used in the NCI-H460 cell line for apoptosis. The mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, P53, BCL-2, Retinoblastoma (Rb), Cyclin-D1, RELA, Tumor necrosis Factor alpha and in a dose-dependent manner TQ activated caspases 9, 8, 7, and 3 were examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results: PPAR-γ protein levels elevated in all treatment groups, especially in the CDDP + TQ group as observed in mRNA results. In the CDDP + TQ + IR group, the reduction of NF-κB pathway, which provides survival and growth signaling, confirms the potential of this treatment in lung cancer treatment approach similar to p53, Rb, and PPAR-γ results. When the effect of treatment on the viability of NSCLC cells was assessed with flow cytometry analyzes, TQ alone supported death compared to control, cell viability also decreased in the CDDP or IR groups to which TQ was added.

Conclusion: As a result, combined therapy of TQ, CDDP, and IR have been shown to increase apoptosis by sensitizing NSCLC cells to IR. These in vitro results are the basis because they demonstrate that it may be useful to include TQ in combined NSCLC cell treatments to reduce tumor progression.

Purpose: This paper reports a study of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure of several adult insects: a ladybug, a honey bee worker, a wasp, and a mantis at frequencies ranging from 2.5 to 100 GHz. The purpose was to estimate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in insect tissues, including the brain, in order to predict the possible biological effects caused by EMF energy absorption.

Method: Numerical dosimetry was executed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Insects were modeled as 3-tissue heterogeneous dielectric objects, including the cuticle, the inner tissue, and the brain tissue. The EMF source was modeled as sinusoidal plane waves at a single frequency (far-field exposure).

Results: The whole-body averaged, tissue averaged, and 1 milligram SAR values were determined in insects for all considered frequencies for 10 different incident plane waves. SAR values were normalized to the incident power density of 1 mW/cm². Maximal EMF absorption in the inner and brain tissues was observed at 6, 12, and 25 GHz for the considered insects, except the brain tissue of a ladybug (max at 60 GHz).

Conclusion: The paper presented the first estimation of the SAR for multiple insects over a wide range of RF frequencies using 3-tissue heterogenous insect 3D models created for this specific research. The selection of tissues' dielectric properties was validated. The obtained results showed that EMF energy absorption in insects highly depends on frequency, polarization, and insect morphology.

Purpose: To retrospectively observe the effects of long-term low-dose 2.45 GHz microwave electromagnetic radiation on human vulnerable organs.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study investigated patients who received long-term (20-100 times of microwave therapy within three months) low-dose (≤20 W) microwave therapy in our department five years ago. Patients were identified and followed up using a rehabilitation treatment management system. Adverse events or diseases that developed after microwave treatment were collected. Based on the number of microwave exposures, patients were divided into two groups: the multiple irradiation group (20-50 sessions) and the ultra-multiple irradiation group (50-100 sessions). The incidence of irreversible damage (ocular lesions, nervous system diseases, reproductive system diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, tumors, or early precancerous lesions) within five years after treatment completion was compared between the two groups.

Results: A total of 113 valid cases were analyzed. Sixteen adverse events occurred, including two cases related to tumors, nine cases related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, five cases related to metabolic diseases, and one case related to nervous system diseases. One patient had multiple conditions. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the multiple irradiation group and the ultra-multiple irradiation group (p = .161, OR = 0.307, 95% CI 0.088-1.025). Logistics regression analysis revealed that the number of microwave treatments, treatment frequency per week, and patient gender was not a significant risk factor for adverse events (p = .100, OR = 0.972, 95% CI 0.938-1.006; p = .896, OR = 1.028, 95% CI 0.679-1.575; p = .960, OR = 1.039, 95% CI 0.212-4.609). Advanced age and obesity might be contributing factors for adverse events (p = .001, OR = 0.923, 95% CI 0.877-0.965; p = .002, OR = 0.064, 95% CI 0.009-0.348).

Conclusions: Based on this study, receiving less than 100 sessions of low-dose microwave therapy within three months appears to be safe. Advanced age and obesity might increase the risk of adverse events. Due to the deviation that may be caused by the small sample size of this study, it is necessary to carry out prospective randomized controlled studies with larger samples in the future for further verification.