International journal of radiation biology最新文献

Purpose: The study focused on developing a rapid PCR-based detection method and employing gamma irradiation techniques to manage Ralstonia solanacearum, aiming to produce brown rot-free export-quality potatoes. This initiative seeks to enhance potato exports from Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: Samples of potato tubers and soil were collected from various commercially significant potato-growing areas, resulting in a total of 168 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from potato tubers and soil across 12 regions. The detection of R. solanacearum in the enriched tuber extract and soil were conducted using the primer pairs (PS-1, PS-2) and (759, 760). For the gamma irradiation experiment, petri dishes containing R. solanacearum cultures were subjected to different doses of gamma rays at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture using a ⁶⁰Co source. The irradiation doses applied to the samples were 0-6.0KGy.

Results: Morphological identification based on pink/light red colonies on TTC medium was confirmed R. solanacearum in 148 isolates. PCR using species-specific primers (PS-1/PS-2) and (759, 760) verified 26 isolates (14 tubers, 12 soil), producing 553 bp and 281 bp fragments in latently infected tubers and soil samples respectively. Gamma irradiation at 2.5 kGy damaged R. solanacearum's DNA and cells, preventing brown rot, while higher doses eliminated it entirely. This offers a promising strategy to enhance safety of stored potatoes, potentially mitigating economic losses from this quarantine pathogen.

Conclusion: The study developed a PCR detection method and gamma irradiation techniques to manage R. solanacearum, enhancing the export quality of potatoes.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of radical radiotherapy (RT) relevant interruptions (RRI), single (sRRI) or multiple (mRRI), on Biochemical Failure-Free Survival (BFFS), Metastases-Free Survival (MFS) and Overall Survival (OS) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 383 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) who received radical RT between March 2013 and April 2021, with doses ranging from 60 to 80 Gy (median dose 76.0 Gy), either alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of sRRI and mRRI radiation-related interruptions on BFFS, MFS, and OS using the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, we adjusted for relevant prognostic factors using three multivariate Cox regression proportional hazard models.

Results: In the univariate analysis, it was observed that patients who experienced unexpected RRIs (50.1%: 35.5% sRRI and 14.6% mRRI), resulting in a median overall treatment time prolongation of five days, exhibited a higher incidence of biochemical failure (BF) and metastases (Met). However, no difference was observed in OS. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that RRIs were significantly associated with increased hazards of BF (sRRI, aHR: 4.61, 95% CI: 2.80-7.60; mRRIs, aHR: 9.92, 95% CI: 5.61-17.54), Met (sRRI, aHR: 4.20, 95% CI: 1.97-8.94; mRRI, aHR: 7.01, 95% CI: 2.94-6.71), and all-cause mortality (mRRI, aHR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.18-3.03).

Conclusions: sRRIs were associated with both lower BFFS and MFS, while mRRIs with both BFFS, MFS and OS.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the transcriptomic signatures of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) related to radioresistance and establish a model to predict radioresistance.

Materials and methods: Nine STS cell lines were cultured. Adenosine triphosphate-based viability was determined 5 days after irradiation with 8 Gy of X-rays in a single fraction. Radiosensitive and radioresistant groups were stratified according to the survival rates. Whole transcriptomic sequencing analysis was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the radiosensitive and radioresistant groups. For model generation, a cohort of 59 patients with sarcomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used. DEGs of the responder and non-responder groups according to the radiotherapy-best response were identified. The overlapping DEGs between those from TCGA data and the STS cell line were subjected to linear regression to develop a formula, namely the STS-specific radioresistance index (STS-RRI), and its performance was compared with that of the previously established radiosensitivity index (RSI).

Results: We selected thirteen overlapping DEGs and established STS-RRI using seven of them: STS-RRI = 1.5185 × MYO16-0.01575 × MYH11 + 3.900375 × KCTD16 + 0.105375 × SYNPO2-0.777375 × MYPN-0.849875 × PCSK6-0.700125 × LTK + 39.4635. Delong's test revealed that the STS-RRI performed better at stratifying responder and non-responder in TCGA cohort than the RSI (p = .002). The progression-free survival curves of the TCGA cohort were significantly discriminated by STS-RRI (p = .013) but not by RSI (p = .241).

Conclusion: We developed the STS-RRI to predict the radioresistance of patients with STS in the TCGA dataset, showing a higher performance than RSI.

Purpose: Thymoquinone (TQ) is an ingredient of Nigella sativa and Cisplatin (CDDP) is the most active chemotherapeutic agent in lung cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the anticancer effects of TQ in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and its effect on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) pathway.

Methods: Annexin-V FITC assay was used in the NCI-H460 cell line for apoptosis. The mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, P53, BCL-2, Retinoblastoma (Rb), Cyclin-D1, RELA, Tumor necrosis Factor alpha and in a dose-dependent manner TQ activated caspases 9, 8, 7, and 3 were examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results: PPAR-γ protein levels elevated in all treatment groups, especially in the CDDP + TQ group as observed in mRNA results. In the CDDP + TQ + IR group, the reduction of NF-κB pathway, which provides survival and growth signaling, confirms the potential of this treatment in lung cancer treatment approach similar to p53, Rb, and PPAR-γ results. When the effect of treatment on the viability of NSCLC cells was assessed with flow cytometry analyzes, TQ alone supported death compared to control, cell viability also decreased in the CDDP or IR groups to which TQ was added.

Conclusion: As a result, combined therapy of TQ, CDDP, and IR have been shown to increase apoptosis by sensitizing NSCLC cells to IR. These in vitro results are the basis because they demonstrate that it may be useful to include TQ in combined NSCLC cell treatments to reduce tumor progression.

Purpose: This paper reports a study of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure of several adult insects: a ladybug, a honey bee worker, a wasp, and a mantis at frequencies ranging from 2.5 to 100 GHz. The purpose was to estimate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in insect tissues, including the brain, in order to predict the possible biological effects caused by EMF energy absorption.

Method: Numerical dosimetry was executed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Insects were modeled as 3-tissue heterogeneous dielectric objects, including the cuticle, the inner tissue, and the brain tissue. The EMF source was modeled as sinusoidal plane waves at a single frequency (far-field exposure).

Results: The whole-body averaged, tissue averaged, and 1 milligram SAR values were determined in insects for all considered frequencies for 10 different incident plane waves. SAR values were normalized to the incident power density of 1 mW/cm². Maximal EMF absorption in the inner and brain tissues was observed at 6, 12, and 25 GHz for the considered insects, except the brain tissue of a ladybug (max at 60 GHz).

Conclusion: The paper presented the first estimation of the SAR for multiple insects over a wide range of RF frequencies using 3-tissue heterogenous insect 3D models created for this specific research. The selection of tissues' dielectric properties was validated. The obtained results showed that EMF energy absorption in insects highly depends on frequency, polarization, and insect morphology.

Purpose: To retrospectively observe the effects of long-term low-dose 2.45 GHz microwave electromagnetic radiation on human vulnerable organs.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study investigated patients who received long-term (20-100 times of microwave therapy within three months) low-dose (≤20 W) microwave therapy in our department five years ago. Patients were identified and followed up using a rehabilitation treatment management system. Adverse events or diseases that developed after microwave treatment were collected. Based on the number of microwave exposures, patients were divided into two groups: the multiple irradiation group (20-50 sessions) and the ultra-multiple irradiation group (50-100 sessions). The incidence of irreversible damage (ocular lesions, nervous system diseases, reproductive system diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, tumors, or early precancerous lesions) within five years after treatment completion was compared between the two groups.

Results: A total of 113 valid cases were analyzed. Sixteen adverse events occurred, including two cases related to tumors, nine cases related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, five cases related to metabolic diseases, and one case related to nervous system diseases. One patient had multiple conditions. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the multiple irradiation group and the ultra-multiple irradiation group (p = .161, OR = 0.307, 95% CI 0.088-1.025). Logistics regression analysis revealed that the number of microwave treatments, treatment frequency per week, and patient gender was not a significant risk factor for adverse events (p = .100, OR = 0.972, 95% CI 0.938-1.006; p = .896, OR = 1.028, 95% CI 0.679-1.575; p = .960, OR = 1.039, 95% CI 0.212-4.609). Advanced age and obesity might be contributing factors for adverse events (p = .001, OR = 0.923, 95% CI 0.877-0.965; p = .002, OR = 0.064, 95% CI 0.009-0.348).

Conclusions: Based on this study, receiving less than 100 sessions of low-dose microwave therapy within three months appears to be safe. Advanced age and obesity might increase the risk of adverse events. Due to the deviation that may be caused by the small sample size of this study, it is necessary to carry out prospective randomized controlled studies with larger samples in the future for further verification.

Purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. The relationship between AD and radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted by wireless devices remains under investigation. The aim of this review is to comprehensively explore the effects of RF radiation on AD by evaluating existing literature. This review used Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to find relevant studies on AD and RF radiation. This review evaluates a total of 81 studies, including animal models, human studies, and in vitro experiments, with results summarized in tables for clarity.

Conclusion: Some studies suggest RF aggravates AD by increasing oxidative stress, impairing blood-brain barrier integrity, and promoting amyloid-beta deposition. Conversely, other studies indicate RF may have protective benefits, such as enhancing brain mitochondrial functions and reducing amyloid-beta levels. Understanding the RF-AD relationship, including parameters like frequency and exposure time, is crucial for therapeutic strategies. The studies reviewed highlight RF radiation's dual effects on AD, underscoring the need for a detailed approach. Further studies are required to clarify these effects and inform preventive and therapeutic measures.

Purpose: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying pyroptosis in skin due to heavy ion radiation.

Materials and methods: Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were irradiated with different doses of X-rays and ¹²C ions. Clonogenic survival, CCK-8 cell proliferation, and micronucleus assays were performed to assess the radiosensitivity of HaCaT cells. The pyroptosis-related, inflammation-related, and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were detected by Western-blotting.

Results: ¹²C ion radiation caused more severe damage to HaCaT cells than X-rays. The former induced pyroptosis in the HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Heavy ion-induced pyroptosis was activated by the Caspase-4/Caspase-5/Gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway, which was regulated by the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusions: ¹²C ion irradiation induced pyroptosis in human keratinocytes by a non-classical pathway via the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. The findings may be used to guide further research on targeted interventions to reduce skin damage and optimize treatment strategies in the future.

Purpose: This research assesses the radioprotective and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide (POM) derived from Pleurotus ostreatus strain on rats suffering from metabolic problems due to irradiation. The crude POM obtained through chemical analysis was found to consist of glucose, galactose, and fructose in 1:1.2:0.1 ratio but was absent of uronic acid, and sulfate. Moreover, it demonstrated radical scavenging activity (45.21-84.21%) at 5 mg/ml concentration.

Methods: A total of thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and split into four groups: control, radiation (whole body RT with 5 Gy gamma rays), POM treatment (28 days at 100 mg/kg body weight), POM + radiation (n = 8 rats/group). Monitoring of body weight was done and on day 28, cardiac blood samples were collected and tested on liver and kidney function indices. ELISA was used to test for inflammatory factors and liver and kidney sections were stained with hematoyxlin-eosin, and other tests for DNA fragmentation were undertaken.

Results: The rats that underwent radiation exhibited reduced body weights, metabolic disruption, and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities. The histological analysis displayed edema of hepatic cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vacuolar degeneration. On the other hand, rats in the POM + Radiation group showed less severe pathological changes. POM treated rats had restored their liver and kidney functions, lower TBARS, higher total protein, and improved antioxidant enzyme activities.

Conclusion: POM treatment effectively alleviates liver and kidney damage caused by radiation exposure.

Background: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) shows clinical promise for cancer treatment, particularly in addressing radiotherapy resistance, the primary cause of local recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Research on BNCT for both conventional and radiotherapy-resistant NPC remains limited.

Objectives: This study evaluates BNCT's efficacy against NPC using parental 5-8 F and radiotherapy-resistant 5-8 F-IR cell lines, comparing its effects to γ-rays and thermal (BPA), and ¹⁰B uptake was quantified via ICP-MS. Cytotoxicity (CCK-8), migration (Transwell), invasion, and clonogenic assays validated radioresistance in 5-8 F-IR. BNCT's impact on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle (G2/M arrest) was assessed.

Results: BPA showed no toxicity, with ¹⁰B uptake reaching 1 × 10⁹ atoms/cell after 2 h. BNCT inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in 5-8 F cells dose-dependently. For 5-8 F-IR (40 μg/mL 10B), BNCT suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion more effectively than γ-rays or neutrons, inducing significant G2/M arrest.

Conclusions and significance: BNCT enhances radiosensitivity in NPC, particularly for resistant cases, outperforming conventional radiotherapy. BPA's targeted delivery and BNCT's cytotoxic effects support its potential as a salvage therapy for recurrent NPC.