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GmBSK1-GmGSK1-GmBES1.5 regulatory module controls heat tolerance in soybean. GmBSK1-GmGSK1-GmBES1.5 调控模块控制大豆的耐热性。
Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.09.004
Ze-Hao Hou, Yuan Gao, Jia-Cheng Zheng, Meng-Jie Zhao, Ying Liu, Xiao-Yu Cui, Zhi-Yong Li, Ji-Tong Wei, Tai-Fei Yu, Lei Zheng, Yuan-Chen Jiao, Shu-Hui Yang, Jia-Min Hao, Jun Chen, Yong-Bin Zhou, Ming Chen, Lijuan Qiu, You-Zhi Ma, Zhao-Shi Xu

Introduction: Heat stress poses a severe threat to the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max). Brassinosteroids (BRs) actively participate in plant responses to abiotic stresses, however, the role of BR signaling pathway genes in response to heat stress in soybean remains poorly understood.

Objectives: In this study, we investigate the regulatory mechanisms of GmBSK1 and GmBES1.5 in response to heat stress and the physiological characteristics and yield performance under heat stress conditions.

Methods: Transgenic technology and CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used to generated GmBSK1-OE, GmBES1.5-OE and gmbsk1 transgenic soybean plants, and transcriptome analysis, LUC activity assay and EMSA assay were carried out to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism underlying GmBSK1-GmBES1.5-mediated heat stress tolerance in soybean.

Results: CRISPR/Cas9-generated gmbsk1 knockout mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to heat stress due to a reduction in their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of GmBES1.5 was up-regulated in GmBSK1-OE plants under heat stress conditions, and it directly binds to the E-box motif present in the promoters of abiotic stress-related genes, thereby enhancing heat stress tolerance in soybean plants. Furthermore, we identified an interaction between GmGSK1 and GmBES1.5, while GmGSK1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of GmBES1.5. Interestingly, the interaction between GmBSK1 and GmGSK1 promotes the localization of GmGSK1 to the plasma membrane and releases the transcriptional activity of GmBES1.5.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both GmBSK1 and GmBES1.5 play crucial roles in conferring heat stress tolerance, highlighting a potential strategy for breeding heat-tolerant soybean crops involving the regulatory module consisting of GmBSK1-GmGSK1-GmBES1.5.

引言热胁迫对大豆(Glycine max)的生长和产量构成严重威胁。芸苔素类固醇(BRs)积极参与植物对非生物胁迫的响应,然而,BR 信号通路基因在大豆热胁迫响应中的作用仍鲜为人知:本研究探讨了 GmBSK1 和 GmBES1.5 对热胁迫的调控机制,以及热胁迫条件下大豆的生理特性和产量表现:利用转基因技术和CRISPR/Cas9技术产生GmBSK1-OE、GmBES1.5-OE和gmbsk1转基因大豆植株,并进行转录组分析、LUC活性检测和EMSA检测,以阐明GmBSK1-GmBES1.5介导的大豆耐热胁迫的潜在分子机制:结果:CRISPR/Cas9产生的gmbsk1基因敲除突变体由于清除活性氧(ROS)的能力降低,对热胁迫的敏感性增加。在热胁迫条件下,GmBSK1-OE植株中GmBES1.5的表达上调,它直接与非生物胁迫相关基因启动子中的E-box基序结合,从而增强了大豆植株的热胁迫耐受性。此外,我们还发现 GmGSK1 与 GmBES1.5 之间存在相互作用,而 GmGSK1 会抑制 GmBES1.5 的转录活性。有趣的是,GmBSK1 和 GmGSK1 之间的相互作用促进了 GmGSK1 在质膜上的定位,并释放了 GmBES1.5 的转录活性:我们的研究结果表明,GmBSK1 和 GmBES1.5 在赋予大豆热胁迫耐受性中起着至关重要的作用,这为培育耐热大豆作物提供了一种由 GmBSK1 -GmGSK1-GmBES1.5 组成的调控模块的潜在策略。
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引用次数: 0
A wearable conductive hydrogel with triple network reinforcement inspired by bio-fibrous scaffolds for real-time quantitatively sensing compression force exerted on fruit surface. 一种受生物纤维支架启发、具有三重网络增强功能的可穿戴导电水凝胶,用于实时定量感知施加在水果表面的压缩力。
Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.09.002
Zhichao Yang, Ziqiang Qin, Menglu Wu, Haimin Hu, Pengcheng Nie, Yong Wang, Qilei Li, Di Wu, Yong He, Kunsong Chen

Introduction: Mechanical stresses incurred during post-harvest fruit storage and transportation profoundly impact decay and losses. Currently, the monitoring of mechanical forces is primarily focused on vibrational forces experienced by containers and vehicles and impact forces affecting containers. However, the detection of compressive forces both among interior fruit and between fruit and packaging surfaces remains deficient. Hence, conformable materials capable of sensing compressive stresses are necessary.

Objectives: In the present study, a triple-network-reinforced PSA/LiCl/CCN@AgNP conductive hydrogel was synthesized for compression force detection on fruit surfaces based on changes in intrinsic impedance under mechanical loading.

Methods: The conductive hydrogel was characterized in terms of its adhesion, mechanics, frost resistance, water retention, conductivity, mechanical force-sensing properties, and feasibility for monitoring mechanical forces. Then, a portable complex impedance recorder was developed to interface with the conductive hydrogel and its mechanical force sensing ability was evaluated.

Results: Beyond its inherent conductivity, the hydrogel exhibited notable pressure sensitivity within the strain range of 1 % to 80 %. The conductive hydrogel also demonstrated a commendable adhesion property, favorable tensile property (580 % elongation at break), substantial compressive strength and durability, and a long-term water retention capability. After exposure to -20 °C for 96 h, the hydrogel maintained its mechanical strength, affirming its anti-freezing property. In addition, a portable complex impedance recorder with sustained signal measurement stability was developed to quantitatively acquire the hydrogel resistance changes in response to compression forces. Finally, the effectiveness of the conductive hydrogel for sensing compression force on the surface of apple fruits was validated.

Conclusion: The conductive hydrogel holds promise for applications in smart packaging, wherein it can detect crucial mechanical stress on fruit, convert it into electrical signals, and further transmit these signals to the cloud, thereby enabling the real-time sensing of mechanical forces experienced by fruits and enhancing post-harvest fruit loss management.

简介水果采后贮藏和运输过程中产生的机械应力会对腐烂和损失产生深远影响。目前,对机械力的监测主要集中在容器和车辆所承受的振动力以及影响容器的冲击力上。然而,对水果内部以及水果与包装表面之间的压缩力的检测仍然不足。因此,需要能够感知压缩应力的保形材料:本研究合成了一种三重网状增强 PSA/LiCl/CCN@AgNP 导电水凝胶,用于根据机械负载下本征阻抗的变化检测水果表面的压缩力:方法:从粘附性、力学、抗冻性、保水性、导电性、机械力传感特性以及监测机械力的可行性等方面对导电水凝胶进行了表征。然后,开发了一种可与导电水凝胶连接的便携式复合阻抗记录仪,并对其机械力感应能力进行了评估:结果:除了其固有的导电性,水凝胶还在 1 % 到 80 % 的应变范围内表现出显著的压力灵敏度。导电水凝胶还表现出了值得称赞的粘附性、良好的拉伸性(断裂伸长率为 580%)、强大的抗压强度和耐久性以及长期的保水能力。在零下 20 摄氏度的环境中暴露 96 小时后,水凝胶仍能保持机械强度,证明了其抗冻性能。此外,还开发了一种具有持续信号测量稳定性的便携式复合阻抗记录仪,用于定量获取水凝胶在压缩力作用下的电阻变化。最后,验证了导电水凝胶在苹果果实表面感应压缩力的有效性:导电水凝胶有望应用于智能包装,它可以检测水果上的关键机械应力,将其转化为电信号,并进一步将这些信号传输到云端,从而实现对水果所受机械力的实时检测,加强采后水果损失管理。
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引用次数: 0
Formononetin derivatives containing benzyl piperidine: A brand new, highly efficient inhibitor targeting Xanthomonas spp. 含有苄基哌啶的福莫西汀衍生物:一种针对黄单胞菌属的全新高效抑制剂
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.039
Miaohe Zhang, Shuang Feng, Junrong Song, Xianghui Ruan, Wei Xue

Introduction: Plant bacterial diseases take an incalculable toll on global food security. The indiscriminate use of chemical synthetic pesticide not only facilitates pathogen resistance of pathogenic bacteria, but also poses a major threat to human health and environmental protection. Therefore, it is of great economic value and scientific significance to develop a new antibacterial drug with environmental friendliness and unique mechanism of action.

Objectives: To design and synthesize formononetin derivatives based on natural products, evaluate their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities and elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Methods: The synthesis was carried out by classical active group splicing method. The antibacterial activities were evaluated using turbidimetry and pot experiments. The antibacterial mechanism was further investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), virulence factors, defense enzymes activities, proteomics and metabolomics.

Results: 40 formononetin derivatives containing benzyl piperidine were designed and synthesized. The antibacterial results demonstrated that H32 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) with the EC50 of 0.07 μg/mL, while H6 displayed the highest inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Xac) with the EC50 of 0.24 μg/mL. Furthermore, the control efficacy of H32 against rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and H6 against citrus canker (CC) was validated through pot experiments. SEM, virulence factors and host enzyme activities assay indicated that H32 could not only reduce the virulence of Xoo, but also activate the activities of defense enzymes and improve the disease resistance of host plants. The proteomics and metabolomics analysis demonstrated that H32 could inhibit the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids, make Xoo cells in a starvation state, inhibit its proliferation, weaken its virulence and reduce its colonization and infection of host cells.

Conclusion: Formononetin derivatives containing benzyl piperidine could be used as potentially effective inhibitors against Xanthomonas spp.

导言:植物细菌性病害给全球粮食安全造成了不可估量的损失。化学合成杀虫剂的滥用不仅助长了病原菌的抗药性,而且对人类健康和环境保护构成了重大威胁。因此,开发一种环境友好、作用机制独特的新型抗菌药物具有重要的经济价值和科学意义:设计并合成基于天然产物的甲萘素衍生物,评估其体内外抗菌活性,并阐明其作用机制:方法:采用经典的活性基团拼接法进行合成。方法:采用经典的活性基团拼接法进行合成。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、毒力因子、防御酶活性、蛋白质组学和代谢组学进一步研究了抗菌机制:设计并合成了 40 种含有苄基哌啶的甲萘素衍生物。抗菌结果表明,H32对黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae,Xoo)的抑制效果最强,EC50为0.07 μg/mL;H6对黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri,Xac)的抑制活性最高,EC50为0.24 μg/mL。此外,通过盆栽实验还验证了 H32 对水稻细菌性叶枯病(BLB)和 H6 对柑橘腐烂病(CC)的防治效果。扫描电镜、毒力因子和寄主酶活性测定表明,H32不仅能降低Xoo的毒力,还能激活防御酶的活性,提高寄主植物的抗病性。蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析表明,H32 能抑制支链氨基酸的合成,使 Xoo 细胞处于饥饿状态,抑制其增殖,削弱其毒力,减少其对寄主细胞的定殖和感染:结论:含有苄基哌啶的福莫尼丁衍生物可作为黄单胞菌属的潜在有效抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-species proteomics and targeted intervention of animal-pathogen interactions. 双物种蛋白质组学与动物-病原体相互作用的靶向干预。
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.038
Yang Sylvia Liu, Chengqian Zhang, Bee Luan Khoo, Piliang Hao, Song Lin Chua

Introduction: Host-microbe interactions are important to human health and ecosystems globally, so elucidating the complex host-microbe interactions and associated protein expressions drives the need to develop sensitive and accurate biochemical techniques. Current proteomics techniques reveal information from the point of view of either the host or microbe, but do not provide data on the corresponding partner. Moreover, it remains challenging to simultaneously study host-microbe proteomes that reflect the direct competition between host and microbe. This raises the need to develop a dual-species proteomics method for host-microbe interactions.

Objectives: We aim to establish a forward + reverse Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) proteomics approach to simultaneously label and quantify newly-expressed proteins of host and microbe without physical isolation, for investigating mechanisms in direct host-microbe interactions.

Methods: Using Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model as proof-of-concept, we employed SILAC proteomics and molecular pathway analysis to characterize the differentially-expressed microbial and host proteins. We then used molecular docking and chemical characterization to identify chemical inhibitors that intercept host-microbe interactions and eliminate microbial infection.

Results: Based on our proteomics results, we studied the iron competition between pathogen iron scavenger and host iron uptake protein, where P. aeruginosa upregulated pyoverdine synthesis protein (PvdA) (fold-change of 5.2313) and secreted pyoverdine, and C. elegans expressed ferritin (FTN-2) (fold-change of 3.4057). Targeted intervention of iron competition was achieved using Galangin, a ginger-derived phytochemical that inhibited pyoverdine production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. The Galangin-ciprofloxacin combinatorial therapy could eliminate P. aeruginosa biofilms in a fish wound infection model, and enabled animal survival.

Conclusion: Our work provides a novel SILAC-based proteomics method that can simultaneously evaluate host and microbe proteomes, with future applications in higher host organisms and other microbial species. It also provides insights into the mechanisms dictating host-microbe interactions, offering novel strategies for anti-infective therapy.

引言:宿主与微生物之间的相互作用对人类健康和全球生态系统都非常重要,因此阐明复杂的宿主与微生物之间的相互作用以及相关的蛋白质表达需要开发灵敏、准确的生化技术。目前的蛋白质组学技术可以从宿主或微生物的角度揭示信息,但不能提供相应伙伴的数据。此外,同时研究反映宿主与微生物之间直接竞争的宿主-微生物蛋白质组仍然具有挑战性。这就需要为宿主与微生物的相互作用开发一种双物种蛋白质组学方法:我们旨在建立一种正向+反向的细胞培养氨基酸稳定同位素标记(SILAC)蛋白质组学方法,在不进行物理隔离的情况下同时标记和量化宿主和微生物新表达的蛋白质,以研究宿主与微生物直接相互作用的机制:方法:我们利用秀丽隐杆线虫-铜绿假单胞菌感染模型作为概念验证,采用SILAC蛋白质组学和分子通路分析来描述微生物和宿主的差异表达蛋白质。然后,我们利用分子对接和化学特性鉴定出了能阻断宿主-微生物相互作用并消除微生物感染的化学抑制剂:根据蛋白质组学的结果,我们研究了病原体铁清除蛋白与宿主铁吸收蛋白之间的铁竞争,其中铜绿微囊藻上调了吡佛尔定合成蛋白(PvdA)(折叠变化为 5.2313)并分泌吡佛尔定,而秀丽隐杆线虫表达了铁蛋白(FTN-2)(折叠变化为 3.4057)。高良姜素是一种源自生姜的植物化学物质,可抑制铜绿微囊藻产生吡咯韦啶和形成生物膜,从而实现对铁竞争的靶向干预。高良姜素-环丙沙星联合疗法可以消除鱼类伤口感染模型中的铜绿假单胞菌生物膜,并使动物存活:我们的工作提供了一种基于 SILAC 的新型蛋白质组学方法,可同时评估宿主和微生物蛋白质组,未来可应用于高等宿主生物和其他微生物物种。结论:我们的工作提供了一种新颖的基于 SILAC 的蛋白质组学方法,可同时评估宿主和微生物蛋白质组,未来可应用于高等宿主生物和其他微生物物种。
{"title":"Dual-species proteomics and targeted intervention of animal-pathogen interactions.","authors":"Yang Sylvia Liu, Chengqian Zhang, Bee Luan Khoo, Piliang Hao, Song Lin Chua","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Host-microbe interactions are important to human health and ecosystems globally, so elucidating the complex host-microbe interactions and associated protein expressions drives the need to develop sensitive and accurate biochemical techniques. Current proteomics techniques reveal information from the point of view of either the host or microbe, but do not provide data on the corresponding partner. Moreover, it remains challenging to simultaneously study host-microbe proteomes that reflect the direct competition between host and microbe. This raises the need to develop a dual-species proteomics method for host-microbe interactions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aim to establish a forward + reverse Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) proteomics approach to simultaneously label and quantify newly-expressed proteins of host and microbe without physical isolation, for investigating mechanisms in direct host-microbe interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model as proof-of-concept, we employed SILAC proteomics and molecular pathway analysis to characterize the differentially-expressed microbial and host proteins. We then used molecular docking and chemical characterization to identify chemical inhibitors that intercept host-microbe interactions and eliminate microbial infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our proteomics results, we studied the iron competition between pathogen iron scavenger and host iron uptake protein, where P. aeruginosa upregulated pyoverdine synthesis protein (PvdA) (fold-change of 5.2313) and secreted pyoverdine, and C. elegans expressed ferritin (FTN-2) (fold-change of 3.4057). Targeted intervention of iron competition was achieved using Galangin, a ginger-derived phytochemical that inhibited pyoverdine production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. The Galangin-ciprofloxacin combinatorial therapy could eliminate P. aeruginosa biofilms in a fish wound infection model, and enabled animal survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work provides a novel SILAC-based proteomics method that can simultaneously evaluate host and microbe proteomes, with future applications in higher host organisms and other microbial species. It also provides insights into the mechanisms dictating host-microbe interactions, offering novel strategies for anti-infective therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advanced research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
XYLEM NAC DOMAIN 1 (EjXND1) relieves cold-induced lignification by negatively regulating the EjHB1-EjPRX12 module in loquat fruit. XYLEM NAC DOMAIN 1(EjXND1)通过负向调节枇杷果实中的 EjHB1-EjPRX12 模块来缓解冷诱导的木质化。
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.032
Zihao Liang, Yanna Shi, Yiqing Huang, Jiao Lu, Mengxue Zhang, Xizhi Cao, Ruoqian Hu, Dongdong Li, Wenbo Chen, Changqing Zhu, Di Wu, Kunsong Chen

Introduction: Lignin is a principal constituent of the secondary cell wall, which plays a role in both plant growth and defensing against stress, such as low temperature and pest infestation. Additionally, it also accumulates in fleshy fruits and negatively affects fruit quality. Red-fleshed loquat is temperature sensitive and exhibits cold-induced lignification. A number of technologies have been developed, for example, Low Temperature Conditioning (LTC) treatment, which has been applied in order to relieve the symptom of cold injury.

Objectives: The present study seeks to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying cold-induced lignification in loquat fruit.

Methods: The target genes were isolated through the analysis of transcriptome. The gene function was analyzed by transient transgenic method in tobacco leaves and loquat fruit, respectively, as well as stable overexpression in liverwort. The regulatory mechanism study was achieved by in vitro protein-protein interaction assays, dual-luciferase assay, and EMSA.

Results: In the present study, the Xylem NAC Domain transcription factor EjXND1 was identified as a repressor of loquat fruit lignification. It was demonstrated that EjXND1 could interact with the characterized lignin activator EjHB1, resulting in a diminution of the activation of EjHB1 on EjPRX12 promoter. Furthermore, two highly methylated regions were identified in the promoter of EjXDN1. One of these regions exhibited a negative correlation between methylation level and EjXND1 expression. Additionally, it was shown that hypermethylation of this region weaken the binding affinity of EjXND1 activators to its promoter.

Conclusion: The EjXND1 plays a role in modified Low Temperature Conditioning (mLTC) treatment that alleviates cold-induced lignification in red-fleshed loquat fruit by targeting the EjHB1-EjPRX12 module and EjXND1 is regulated by the dynamic of DNA methylation level in the promoter.

简介木质素是次生细胞壁的主要成分,在植物生长和抵御压力(如低温和虫害)方面发挥作用。此外,木质素还会在肉质果实中积累,对果实质量产生负面影响。红肉枇杷对温度敏感,会出现低温诱导的木质化现象。目前已开发出多种技术,如低温调节(LTC)处理,以缓解冷害症状:本研究旨在阐明冷诱导枇杷果实木质化的调控机制:方法:通过分析转录组分离出目标基因。方法:通过转录组分析分离出目标基因,分别在烟草叶片和枇杷果实中采用瞬时转基因方法分析基因功能,并在肝草中进行稳定过表达。通过体外蛋白-蛋白相互作用实验、双荧光素酶实验、EMSA等方法对调控机制进行了研究:结果:本研究发现木质部NAC结构域转录因子EjXND1是枇杷果实木质化的抑制因子。结果:本研究发现木质部 NAC 结构域转录因子 EjXND1 是枇杷果实木质化的抑制因子,它能与木质素激活因子 EjHB1 相互作用,导致 EjHB1 对 EjPRX12 启动子的激活作用减弱。此外,在 EjXDN1 的启动子中还发现了两个高度甲基化的区域。其中一个区域的甲基化水平与 EjXND1 的表达呈负相关。此外,研究还表明,该区域的高甲基化会削弱 EjXND1 激活因子与其启动子的结合亲和力:结论:EjXND1通过靶向EjHB1-EjPRX12模块,在改良低温调节(mLTC)处理中发挥作用,从而缓解红肉枇杷果实中由低温引起的木质化。
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引用次数: 0
A 3R-MYB transcription factor is involved in Methyl Jasmonate-Induced disease resistance in Agaricus bisporus and has implications for disease resistance in Arabidopsis. 3R-MYB转录因子参与了茉莉酸甲酯诱导的双孢蘑菇抗病性,并对拟南芥的抗病性产生了影响。
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.037
Shuai Yuan, Hanyue Jiang, Yating Wang, Lei Zhang, Zixuan Shi, Lu Jiao, Demei Meng

Introduction: Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in pathogen resistance in several plants, but MYB TFs in conjunction with MeJA-induced defense against Pseudomonas tolaasii in edible mushrooms remain unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the role of a novel 3R-MYB transcription factor (AbMYB11) in MeJA-induced disease resistance of Agaricus bisporus and in the resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis to P. tolaasii.

Methods: Mushrooms were treated with MeJA alone or in combination with phenylpropanoid pathway inhibitors, and the effects of the treatments on the disease-related and physiological indicators of the mushrooms were determined to assess the role of MeJA in inducing resistance and the importance of the phenylpropanoid pathway involved. Subcellular localization, gene expression analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and transgenic Arabidopsis experiments were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of AbMYB11 in regulating disease resistance.

Results: MeJA application greatly improved mushroom resistance to P. tolaasii infection, and suppression of the phenylpropanoid pathway significantly weakened this effect. MeJA treatment stimulated the accumulation of phenylpropanoid metabolites, which was accompanied by increased the activities of biosynthetic enzymes and the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway-related genes (AbPAL1, Ab4CL1, AbC4H1) and an AbPR-like gene, further confirming the critical role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in MeJA-induced responses to P. tolaasii. Importantly, AbMYB11, localized in the nucleus, was rapidly induced by MeJA treatment under P. tolaasii infection; it transcriptionally activated the phenylpropanoid pathway-related and AbPR-like genes, and AbMYB11 overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly increased the transcription of phenylpropanoid-related genes, the accumulation of total phenolics and flavonoids, and improved resistance to P. tolaasii.

Conclusion: This study clarified the pivotal role of AbMYB11 as a regulator in disease resistance by modulating the phenylpropanoid pathway, providing a novel idea for the breeding of highly disease-resistant edible mushrooms and plants.

引言:茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和 MYB 转录因子(TFs)在多种植物的病原体抗性中发挥着重要作用,但 MYB TFs 与 MeJA 诱导的食用菌对假单孢菌(Pseudomonas tolaasii)的防御作用的关系仍不清楚:目的:研究新型 3R-MYB 转录因子(AbMYB11)在 MeJA 诱导的双孢蘑菇抗病性以及转基因拟南芥对 P. tolaasii 的抗性中的作用:方法:用MeJA单独或与苯丙酮途径抑制剂联合处理蘑菇,测定处理对蘑菇病害相关指标和生理指标的影响,以评估MeJA在诱导抗性中的作用以及参与其中的苯丙酮途径的重要性。通过亚细胞定位、基因表达分析、双荧光素酶报告实验、电泳迁移实验和转基因拟南芥实验,阐明了AbMYB11调控抗病性的分子机制:结果:MeJA的应用大大提高了蘑菇对P. tolaasii感染的抗性,而苯丙氨酸途径的抑制则显著削弱了这种效应。MeJA处理刺激了苯丙类代谢物的积累,同时也提高了生物合成酶的活性和苯丙类途径相关基因(AbPAL1、Ab4CL1、AbC4H1)及一个类AbPR基因的表达,进一步证实了苯丙类途径在MeJA诱导的抗P.重要的是,AbMYB11定位于细胞核中,在拟南芥感染P. tolaasii后被MeJA处理迅速诱导;它转录激活了苯丙类途径相关基因和AbPR样基因,在拟南芥中过表达AbMYB11显著增加了苯丙类相关基因的转录、总酚类和类黄酮的积累,并提高了对P. tolaasii的抗性:本研究阐明了 AbMYB11 通过调节苯丙氨酸途径在抗病性中的关键作用,为培育高抗病性食用菌和植物提供了新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated ultrasensitive metabolomics and single-cell transcriptomics identify crucial regulators of sheep oocyte maturation and early embryo development in vitro. 综合超灵敏代谢组学和单细胞转录组学鉴定体外绵羊卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育的关键调控因子。
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.040
Bo Pan, JianPeng Qin, KunLin Du, LuYao Zhang, GongXue Jia, JiangFeng Ye, QiuXia Liang, QiEn Yang, GuangBin Zhou

Introduction: Developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro is limited due to a lack of complete understanding of metabolism and metabolic gene expression during oocyte maturation and embryo development. Conventional metabolic analysis requires a large number of samples and is not efficiently applicable in oocytes and early embryos, thereby posing challenges in identifying key metabolites and regulating their in vitro culture system.

Objectives: To enhance the developmental competence of sheep oocytes, this study aimed to identify and supplement essential metabolites that were deficient in the culture systems.

Methods: The metabolic characteristics of oocytes and embryos were determined using ultrasensitive metabolomics analysis on trace samples and single-cell RNA-seq. By conducting integrated analyses of metabolites in cells (oocytes and embryos) and their developmental microenvironment (follicular fluid, oviductal fluid, and in vitro culture systems), we identified key missing metabolites in the in vitro culture systems. In order to assess the impact of these key missing metabolites on oocyte development competence, we performed in vitro culture experiments. Furthermore, omics analyses were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Results: Our findings demonstrated that betaine, carnitine and creatine were the key missing metabolites in vitro culture systems and supplementation of betaine and L-carnitine significantly improved the blastocyst formation rate (67.48% and 48.61%). Through in vitro culture experiments and omics analyses, we have discovered that L-carnitine had the potential to promote fatty acid oxidation, reduce lipid content and lipid peroxidation level, and regulate spindle morphological grade through fatty acid degradation pathway. Additionally, betaine may participate in methylation modification and osmotic pressure regulation, thereby potentially improving oocyte maturation and early embryo development in sheep.

Conclusion: Together, these analyses identified key metabolites that promote ovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development, while also providing a new viewpoint to improve clinical applications such as oocyte maturation or embryo culture.

介绍:由于对卵母细胞成熟和胚胎发育过程中的代谢和代谢基因表达缺乏全面了解,体外成熟卵母细胞的发育能力受到限制。传统的代谢分析需要大量样本,而且不能有效地应用于卵母细胞和早期胚胎,因此给鉴定关键代谢物和调节其体外培养系统带来了挑战:为了提高绵羊卵母细胞的发育能力,本研究旨在确定和补充培养系统中缺乏的必需代谢物:方法:通过对微量样本进行超灵敏代谢组学分析和单细胞 RNA-seq 分析,确定卵母细胞和胚胎的代谢特征。通过对细胞(卵母细胞和胚胎)及其发育微环境(卵泡液、输卵管液和体外培养系统)中的代谢物进行综合分析,我们确定了体外培养系统中缺失的关键代谢物。为了评估这些关键缺失代谢物对卵母细胞发育能力的影响,我们进行了体外培养实验。此外,我们还采用了组学分析来阐明其潜在机制:结果:我们的研究结果表明,甜菜碱、肉碱和肌酸是体外培养系统中关键的缺失代谢物,补充甜菜碱和左旋肉碱可显著提高囊胚形成率(67.48%和48.61%)。通过体外培养实验和组学分析,我们发现左旋肉碱具有促进脂肪酸氧化、降低脂质含量和脂质过氧化水平的潜力,并通过脂肪酸降解途径调节纺锤体形态等级。此外,甜菜碱可能参与甲基化修饰和渗透压调节,从而可能改善绵羊卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育:总之,这些分析确定了促进绵羊卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育的关键代谢物,同时也为改善卵母细胞成熟或胚胎培养等临床应用提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Integrated ultrasensitive metabolomics and single-cell transcriptomics identify crucial regulators of sheep oocyte maturation and early embryo development in vitro.","authors":"Bo Pan, JianPeng Qin, KunLin Du, LuYao Zhang, GongXue Jia, JiangFeng Ye, QiuXia Liang, QiEn Yang, GuangBin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro is limited due to a lack of complete understanding of metabolism and metabolic gene expression during oocyte maturation and embryo development. Conventional metabolic analysis requires a large number of samples and is not efficiently applicable in oocytes and early embryos, thereby posing challenges in identifying key metabolites and regulating their in vitro culture system.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To enhance the developmental competence of sheep oocytes, this study aimed to identify and supplement essential metabolites that were deficient in the culture systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The metabolic characteristics of oocytes and embryos were determined using ultrasensitive metabolomics analysis on trace samples and single-cell RNA-seq. By conducting integrated analyses of metabolites in cells (oocytes and embryos) and their developmental microenvironment (follicular fluid, oviductal fluid, and in vitro culture systems), we identified key missing metabolites in the in vitro culture systems. In order to assess the impact of these key missing metabolites on oocyte development competence, we performed in vitro culture experiments. Furthermore, omics analyses were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that betaine, carnitine and creatine were the key missing metabolites in vitro culture systems and supplementation of betaine and L-carnitine significantly improved the blastocyst formation rate (67.48% and 48.61%). Through in vitro culture experiments and omics analyses, we have discovered that L-carnitine had the potential to promote fatty acid oxidation, reduce lipid content and lipid peroxidation level, and regulate spindle morphological grade through fatty acid degradation pathway. Additionally, betaine may participate in methylation modification and osmotic pressure regulation, thereby potentially improving oocyte maturation and early embryo development in sheep.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these analyses identified key metabolites that promote ovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development, while also providing a new viewpoint to improve clinical applications such as oocyte maturation or embryo culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":94063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advanced research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CDK4/6 inhibitor PD-0332991 suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing senescence of hepatic tumor-initiating cells. CDK4/6 抑制剂 PD-0332991 通过诱导肝肿瘤诱导细胞衰老来抑制肝癌的发生。
Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.034
Miaomiao Chen, Wenjian Chen, Shiwen Sun, Yanli Lu, Guoxiu Wu, Hongyu Xu, Huiru Yang, Chong Li, Weizhi He, Mingyang Xu, Xiuhua Li, Dong Jiang, Yongchao Cai, Changcheng Liu, Wencheng Zhang, Zhiying He

Introduction: Owing to the limited treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), interventions targeting pre-HCC stages have attracted increasing attention. In the pre-HCC stage, hepatic tumor-initiating cells (hTICs) proliferate abnormally and contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Numerous studies have investigated targeted senescence induction as an HCC intervention. However, it remains to be clarified whether senescence induction of hTICs could serve as a pre-HCC intervention.

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate whether senescence induction of hTICs in the precancerous stage inhibit HCC initiation.

Methods and results: HCC models developed from chronic liver injury (CLI) were established by using Fah-/- mice and N-Ras + AKT mice. PD-0332991, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor that blocks the G1/S transition in proliferating cells, was used to induce senescence during the pre-HCC stage. Upon administration of PD-0332991, we observed a significant reduction in HCC incidence following selective senescence induction in hTICs, and an alleviation liver injury in the CLI-HCC models. PD-0332991 also induced senescence in vitro in cultured hTICs isolated from CLI-HCC models. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis delineated that the "Cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-Rb" pathway was activated in both mouse and human liver samples during the pre-HCC stage, while PD-0332991 exhibited substantial inhibition of this pathway, thereby inducing cellular senescence in hTICs. Regarding the immune microenvironment, we demonstrated that senescent hTICs secrete key senescence-associated secretory phenotypic (SASP) factors, CXCL10 and CCL2, to activate and recruit macrophages, and contribute to immune surveillance.

Conclusion: We found that hTICs can be targeted and induced into a senescent state during the pre-HCC stage. The SASP factors released by senescent hTICs further activate the immune response, facilitating the clearance of hTICs, and consequently suppressing HCC occurrence. We highlight the importance of pre-HCC interventions and propose that senescence-inducing drugs hold promise for preventing HCC initiation under CLI.

导言:由于肝细胞癌(HCC)的治疗方案有限,针对HCC前期的干预措施日益受到关注。在前肝癌阶段,肝肿瘤诱导细胞(hTIC)异常增殖并导致肝癌发生。许多研究都将靶向衰老诱导作为一种 HCC 干预方法进行了调查。然而,对 hTICs 的衰老诱导是否可作为 HCC 前期干预措施仍有待明确:本研究旨在探讨在癌前阶段诱导 hTICs 的衰老是否能抑制 HCC 的发生:方法:利用Fah-/-小鼠和N-Ras + AKT小鼠建立了由慢性肝损伤(CLI)发展而来的HCC模型。PD-0332991是一种选择性CDK4/6抑制剂,可阻断增殖细胞的G1/S转换,用于诱导HCC前期的衰老。服用 PD-0332991 后,我们观察到 hTIC 选择性诱导衰老后,HCC 发病率显著降低,CLI-HCC 模型中的肝损伤也有所减轻。PD-0332991 还能体外诱导从 CLI-HCC 模型中分离出的培养 hTIC 的衰老。此外,RNA 测序(RNA-seq)分析表明,在小鼠和人类肝脏样本中,"CyclinD-CDK4/6-INK4-Rb "通路在前HCC 阶段均被激活,而 PD-0332991 则表现出对该通路的实质性抑制,从而诱导了 hTICs 的细胞衰老。关于免疫微环境,我们证实衰老的 hTICs 会分泌关键的衰老相关分泌表型(SASP)因子 CXCL10 和 CCL2,以激活和招募巨噬细胞,并促进免疫监视:结论:我们发现,hTICs 可在前HCC 阶段被定向诱导进入衰老状态。结论:我们发现,衰老的 hTIC 可被靶向并诱导进入衰老状态,而衰老的 hTIC 释放的 SASP 因子可进一步激活免疫反应,促进 hTIC 的清除,从而抑制 HCC 的发生。我们强调了前 HCC 干预措施的重要性,并提出诱导衰老的药物有望在 CLI 条件下预防 HCC 的发生。
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引用次数: 0
A new 1,2,3-triazole-indirubin hybrid suppresses tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis by mitigating the HGF/c-MET axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 一种新型 1,2,3-三唑-靛红混合物通过缓解肝细胞癌中的 HGF/c-MET 轴抑制肿瘤生长和肺转移。
Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.033
Shalini V Gowda, Na Young Kim, Kachigere B Harsha, Darshini Gowda, Rajaghatta N Suresh, Amudha Deivasigamani, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan, Kam Man Hui, Gautam Sethi, Kwang Seok Ahn, Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal cancer that is often diagnosed at the advanced stages which limits the available therapeutic options. The interaction of HGF with c-MET (a receptor tyrosine kinase) results in the activation of c-MET which subsequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Overexpression of c-MET in HCC tissues has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.

Objectives: We aimed to synthesize triazole-indirubin conjugates, examine their growth suppressor efficacy in cell-based assays, and investigate the antitumor as well as antimetastatic activity of lead cytotoxic agent in the orthotopic mice model.

Methods: A series of triazole-indirubin hybrids were synthesized and cytotoxicity, apoptogenic, and antimigratory effect of the lead compound (CRI9) was evaluated using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin-V/PI assay, TUNEL assay, and wound healing assay. The effect of CRI9 on the operation of the HGF/c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis was examined using western blotting and transfection experiments. Acute toxicity, antitumor, and antimetastatic activity of CRI9 were examined in NCr nude mice. The expression of c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CD31, and Ki-67 was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting.

Results: Among the new compounds, CRI9 consistently displayed potent cytotoxicity against HGF-induced HCC cells. CRI9 induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased sub G1 cells, annexin-V+/PI+ cells, TUNEL+ cells, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP. CRI9 inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-METY1234/1235 and subsequently suppressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Also, depletion of c-MET or inhibition of c-MET by CRI9 resulted in suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. CRI9 showed no toxic effects in NCr nude mice and displayed a potent antitumor and antimetastatic effect in the orthotopic HCC mice model. CRI9 also reduced the levels of phospho-c-MET, CD31, and Ki-67 and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in tumor tissues.

Conclusion: CRI9 has been identified as a new inhibitor of the c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HCC preclinical models.

简介肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种致命的癌症,通常在晚期才被诊断出来,这限制了现有的治疗方案。HGF与c-MET(一种受体酪氨酸激酶)的相互作用会导致c-MET的活化,进而触发PI3K/Akt/mTOR轴。c-MET 在 HCC 组织中的过表达已被证实有助于肿瘤的进展和转移:目的:我们旨在合成三唑-靛红共轭物,在基于细胞的实验中检验其抑制生长的功效,并在正位小鼠模型中研究主要细胞毒剂的抗肿瘤和抗转移活性:方法:通过多步反应合成了新的三唑-靛红杂交化合物。方法:通过多步反应合成了新的三唑-靛红杂交化合物,并使用 MTT 试验、细胞周期分析、annexin-V/PI 试验、TUNEL 试验和伤口愈合试验评估了新化合物(CRI9)的细胞毒性、致凋亡和抗移植物作用。CRI9对HGF/c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR轴运行的影响通过Western印迹和转染实验进行了检验。在NCr裸鼠体内检测了CRI9的急性毒性、抗肿瘤和抗转移活性。免疫组化和免疫印迹法检测了c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR、CD31和Ki-67的表达:结果:在这些新化合物中,CRI9对HGF诱导的HCC细胞始终显示出强大的细胞毒性。CRI9可诱导细胞凋亡,表现为亚G1细胞、annexin-V+/PI+细胞、TUNEL+细胞的增加,以及procaspase-3和PARP的裂解。CRI9 可抑制 HGF 诱导的 c-METY1234/1235 磷酸化,进而抑制 PI3K/Akt/mTOR 轴。此外,CRI9消耗c-MET或抑制c-MET也会抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR轴。CRI9对NCr裸鼠无毒性作用,在正位HCC小鼠模型中显示出强大的抗肿瘤和抗转移作用。CRI9还能降低肿瘤组织中磷酸化c-MET、CD31和Ki-67的水平,抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR轴的激活:结论:在 HCC 临床前模型中,CRI9 被确定为一种新的 c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR 轴抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
High-resolution 3D spatial distribution of complex microbial colonies revealed by mass spectrometry imaging. 通过质谱成像揭示复杂微生物菌落的高分辨率三维空间分布。
Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.031
Yuting Shen, Yisu Wang, Jianing Wang, Peisi Xie, Chengyi Xie, Yanyan Chen, Niaz Banaei, Kangning Ren, Zongwei Cai

Introduction: Bacterial living states and the distribution of microbial colony signaling molecules are widely studied using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). However, current approaches often treat 3D colonies as flat 2D disks, inadvertently omitting valuable details. The challenge of achieving 3D MSI in biofilms persists due to the unique properties of microbial samples.

Objectives: The study aimed to develop a new biofilm sample preparation method that can realize high-resolution 3D MSI of bacterial colonies to reveal the spatial organization of bacterial colonies.

Methods: This article introduces the moisture-assisted cryo-section (MACS) method, enabling embedding-free sectioning parallel to the growth plane. The MACS method secures intact sections by controlling ambient humidity and slice thickness, preventing molecular delocalization.

Results: Combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI)-MSI, the MACS method provides high-resolution insights into endogenic and exogenous molecule distributions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms, including isomeric pairs. Moreover, analyzed colonies are revived into 3D models, vividly depicting molecular distribution from inner to outer layers. Additionally, we investigated metabolite spatiotemporal dynamics in multiple colonies, observing changes over time and distinct patterns in single versus merged colonies. These findings shed light on the repel-merge process for multi-colony formation. Furthermore, our study monitored chemical responses inside biofilms after antibiotic treatment, showing increased antibiotic levels in the outer biofilm layer over time while maintaining low levels in the inner region. Moreover, the MACS method demonstrated its universality and applicability to other bacterial strains.

Conclusion: These results unveil complex cell activities within biofilm colonies, offering insights into microbe communities. The MACS method is universally applicable to loosely packed microorganism colonies, overcoming the limitations of previously reported MSI methods. It has great potential for studying bacterial-infected cancer tissues and artificial organs, making it a valuable tool in microbiological research.

导言:利用质谱成像技术(MSI)对细菌的生存状态和微生物菌落信号分子的分布进行了广泛研究。然而,目前的方法通常将三维菌落视为平面二维圆盘,无意中忽略了有价值的细节。由于微生物样本的独特性质,在生物膜中实现三维 MSI 的挑战依然存在:本研究旨在开发一种新的生物膜样品制备方法,该方法可实现细菌菌落的高分辨率三维 MSI,从而揭示细菌菌落的空间组织:本文介绍了湿气辅助低温切片(MACS)方法,该方法可实现平行于生长平面的无包埋切片。MACS方法通过控制环境湿度和切片厚度来确保切片完好无损,防止分子分散:结果:结合基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI)-MSI,MACS 方法能高分辨率地揭示铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)生物膜中的内源性和外源性分子分布,包括异构体对。此外,分析后的菌落被还原成三维模型,生动地描绘了分子从内层到外层的分布情况。此外,我们还研究了多个菌落中代谢物的时空动态,观察到单个菌落与合并菌落随时间的变化和不同的模式。这些发现揭示了多菌落形成的排斥-合并过程。此外,我们的研究还监测了抗生素治疗后生物膜内部的化学反应,结果显示随着时间的推移,生物膜外层的抗生素含量会增加,而内部区域的抗生素含量则保持在较低水平。此外,MACS 方法还证明了其普遍性和对其他细菌菌株的适用性:这些结果揭示了生物膜菌落内复杂的细胞活动,为了解微生物群落提供了线索。MACS 方法普遍适用于松散的微生物菌落,克服了之前报道的 MSI 方法的局限性。它在研究受细菌感染的癌症组织和人造器官方面具有巨大潜力,是微生物研究领域的重要工具。
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Journal of advanced research
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