Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-06DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_833_23
V Sharma
{"title":"Recharge the cells to overcome the debilitating symptoms in long-COVID.","authors":"V Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_833_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_833_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-29DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_757_23
D Muzumdar
{"title":"Clinical implications of embryological variations in middle cerebral artery anatomy.","authors":"D Muzumdar","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_757_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_757_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-12-15DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_456_23
D Franey, Z Frenzel, D Manchester
Abstract: Foreign-body aspiration in adults is considerably less common than in children. The clinical course can be life-threatening but often presents in a more indolent manner, leading to difficulties with diagnosis. We report the retrieval of a buprenorphine-naloxone wrapper by flexible bronchoscopy in a 44-year-old male patient with COVID-19 who was on mechanical ventilation. Following removal, the patient completed treatment for COVID-19, his respiratory status improved, and he was discharged from the hospital. Flexible bronchoscopy is an effective means of diagnosis and retrieval of foreign bodies in the distal airway.
{"title":"Waiting to exhale: Retrieval of an unusual bronchial foreign body.","authors":"D Franey, Z Frenzel, D Manchester","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_456_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_456_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Foreign-body aspiration in adults is considerably less common than in children. The clinical course can be life-threatening but often presents in a more indolent manner, leading to difficulties with diagnosis. We report the retrieval of a buprenorphine-naloxone wrapper by flexible bronchoscopy in a 44-year-old male patient with COVID-19 who was on mechanical ventilation. Following removal, the patient completed treatment for COVID-19, his respiratory status improved, and he was discharged from the hospital. Flexible bronchoscopy is an effective means of diagnosis and retrieval of foreign bodies in the distal airway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-09-29DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_152_23
D K Singh, D Shankar, K Yadav, M Kaif
Abstract: The developmental anomaly of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare occurrence. Rete MCA, also known as "unfused," "twig-like," and aplastic MCA, is an even rarer anomaly. These immature rete vessels are prone to flow-related aneurysms which rupture themselves presenting with intraparenchymal hematoma. We here with present a case of rete MCA with a ruptured aneurysm and discuss its pathophysiology and management.
{"title":"Rete middle cerebral artery presenting with a ruptured aneurysm.","authors":"D K Singh, D Shankar, K Yadav, M Kaif","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_152_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_152_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The developmental anomaly of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare occurrence. Rete MCA, also known as \"unfused,\" \"twig-like,\" and aplastic MCA, is an even rarer anomaly. These immature rete vessels are prone to flow-related aneurysms which rupture themselves presenting with intraparenchymal hematoma. We here with present a case of rete MCA with a ruptured aneurysm and discuss its pathophysiology and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-12-07DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_650_23
J Slankamenac, M Ranisavljev, N Todorovic, J Ostojic, V Stajer, S M Ostojic
Abstract: Eight long-COVID patients with moderate fatigue that had lasted for ≥3 months were recruited. All patients were allocated in a double-blind parallel-group design to receive either 4 g of creatine per day plus breathing exercises (study group) or breathing exercises only (control group) for 3 months. Creatine induced a significant increase in tissue total creatine levels for all 14 locations evaluated in the present study ( P < 0.05), while its levels significantly dropped in the right frontal gray matter and left parietal mesial gray matter at follow-up in the control group ( P < 0.05). No change in time to exhaustion was demonstrated in the control group (P > 0.05), while the mean time to exhaustion was significantly improved for 54 s in the study group post-administration (P = 0.05). These preliminary findings suggest that creatine is as an effective adjuvant therapeutic to breathing exercises for tackling the clinical features in long-COVID.
{"title":"Creatine supplementation combined with breathing exercises reduces respiratory discomfort and improves creatine status in patients with long-COVID.","authors":"J Slankamenac, M Ranisavljev, N Todorovic, J Ostojic, V Stajer, S M Ostojic","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_650_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_650_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Eight long-COVID patients with moderate fatigue that had lasted for ≥3 months were recruited. All patients were allocated in a double-blind parallel-group design to receive either 4 g of creatine per day plus breathing exercises (study group) or breathing exercises only (control group) for 3 months. Creatine induced a significant increase in tissue total creatine levels for all 14 locations evaluated in the present study ( P < 0.05), while its levels significantly dropped in the right frontal gray matter and left parietal mesial gray matter at follow-up in the control group ( P < 0.05). No change in time to exhaustion was demonstrated in the control group (P > 0.05), while the mean time to exhaustion was significantly improved for 54 s in the study group post-administration (P = 0.05). These preliminary findings suggest that creatine is as an effective adjuvant therapeutic to breathing exercises for tackling the clinical features in long-COVID.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-12-07DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_642_23
S Kamalanathan
{"title":"Glimpses of pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma management through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring window.","authors":"S Kamalanathan","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_642_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_642_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_440_23
L Acree, J L Waller, W B Bollag, W J Healy, S L Baer, V Taskar
Introduction: Sleep apnea (SA) is an important comorbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The association between SA and cardiac and neurological disease is known. This study investigates the relationship between SA and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in the ESRD population.
Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, the United States Renal Data System was queried to identify ESRD patients aged 18-100 years in whom hemodialysis had been initiated between 2005 and 2013. Diagnoses of SA and clinical comorbidities were determined from International Classification of Disease-9 codes. Demographic variables were obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Form-2728. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of SA with myocardial infarction (MI) or with stroke, controlling for demographic and clinical variables.
Results: Of 858,131 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 587 had central SA, and 22,724 had obstructive SA. The SA cohort was younger, more likely to be male and Caucasian compared to the non-SA cohort. Patients with SA also had more tobacco and alcohol use, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. Central SA (aRR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.28-2.23) and obstructive SA (aRR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.21) were associated with an increased risk of stroke but not MI.
Conclusion: In the ESRD population, a diagnosis of central SA or obstructive SA increased the risk of stroke, but not MI. Early identification and treatment of SA in the ESRD population may help reduce the risk of stroke in these patients.
简介:睡眠呼吸暂停(SA)是终末期肾病(ESRD)患者的一个重要合并症。睡眠呼吸暂停与心脏和神经系统疾病之间的关系众所周知。本研究调查了 ESRD 患者中 SA 与心血管和脑血管预后之间的关系:在一项回顾性队列研究中,我们查询了美国肾脏数据系统,以确定 2005 年至 2013 年期间开始血液透析的 18-100 岁 ESRD 患者。SA诊断和临床合并症是根据《国际疾病分类-9》代码确定的。人口统计学变量来自美国医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心的 2728 号表格。在控制人口统计学和临床变量的情况下,采用逻辑回归法检测 SA 与心肌梗死(MI)或中风的关联:在 858,131 名符合纳入标准的受试者中,587 人患有中枢性 SA,22,724 人患有阻塞性 SA。与非 SA 患者相比,SA 患者更年轻,更可能是男性和白种人。SA患者中吸烟和酗酒、高血压、心力衰竭和糖尿病患者也较多。中枢性 SA(aRR = 1.69,95% CI = 1.28-2.23)和阻塞性 SA(aRR = 1.15,95% CI = 1.09-1.21)与中风风险增加有关,但与 MI 无关:结论:在 ESRD 患者中,诊断出中枢性 SA 或阻塞性 SA 会增加中风风险,但不会增加心肌梗死风险。在 ESRD 患者中,早期识别和治疗 SA 可能有助于降低这些患者的中风风险。
{"title":"Sleep apnea in end-stage renal disease patients: Impact on cardiovascular and neurological outcomes.","authors":"L Acree, J L Waller, W B Bollag, W J Healy, S L Baer, V Taskar","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_440_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_440_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep apnea (SA) is an important comorbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The association between SA and cardiac and neurological disease is known. This study investigates the relationship between SA and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in the ESRD population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study, the United States Renal Data System was queried to identify ESRD patients aged 18-100 years in whom hemodialysis had been initiated between 2005 and 2013. Diagnoses of SA and clinical comorbidities were determined from International Classification of Disease-9 codes. Demographic variables were obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Form-2728. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of SA with myocardial infarction (MI) or with stroke, controlling for demographic and clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 858,131 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 587 had central SA, and 22,724 had obstructive SA. The SA cohort was younger, more likely to be male and Caucasian compared to the non-SA cohort. Patients with SA also had more tobacco and alcohol use, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. Central SA (aRR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.28-2.23) and obstructive SA (aRR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.21) were associated with an increased risk of stroke but not MI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the ESRD population, a diagnosis of central SA or obstructive SA increased the risk of stroke, but not MI. Early identification and treatment of SA in the ESRD population may help reduce the risk of stroke in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10947737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_932_23
S Karande, D Rajiv
This retrospective study analyzed the quality of 1069 referral letters written by school principals to our learning disability clinic. Utilizing a self-devised checklist having four domains (with 26 items), the audit revealed that in only nine (34.6%) items, the necessary information was available in >90% of referral letters.
{"title":"How appropriate are referral letters written by school principals to a learning disability clinic? A retrospective audit.","authors":"S Karande, D Rajiv","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_932_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_932_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study analyzed the quality of 1069 referral letters written by school principals to our learning disability clinic. Utilizing a self-devised checklist having four domains (with 26 items), the audit revealed that in only nine (34.6%) items, the necessary information was available in >90% of referral letters.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10947739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_862_23
T Jamale, S Bose
{"title":"To restrict or not to restrict - Understanding the conundrum of dietary protein restriction in chronic kidney disease.","authors":"T Jamale, S Bose","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_862_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_862_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10947740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_389_23
P Vaideeswar, M Srikant
Background: Ventricular mural thrombi are rare occurrences and form one of the common mechanical complications of myocardial infarctions. They also occur in patients with nonischemic myocardial disorders and even in those devoid of cardiac diseases. Clinical detection often depends on the size of the thrombi.
Aim: This study was aimed at ascertaining the etiopathogenesis of mural thrombi with a clinicopathologic correlation.
Materials and methods: This was a 12-year retrospective observational study reviewing the autopsy records of all cases showing ventricular mural thrombi. The location, size, morphology, and histologic appearances of the thrombi were noted. The cases, depending on the etiology, were categorized into myocardial ischemic (Group 1), myocardial nonischemic (Group 2), and non-myocardial (Group 3) causes. These features were correlated with the clinical settings.
Results: There were 93 cases of mural thrombi with an almost equal sex distribution and a mean age of 45.9 years. The cause was ischemic heart disease in most of the patients (Group 1, 46.2%), while 21.5% and 32.3% of patients belonged to Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. Unlike the large and dominantly left ventricular thrombi seen in Group 1, the other two groups frequently had biventricular involvement, location in the intertrabecular spaces, and a high microscopic detection. Clinical diagnosis had been made in only 3.2% of patients. Thromboembolism was noted in other organs in 34.4% of the total cases.
Conclusion: Ventricular thrombi should be ruled out in patients with evidence of systemic and/or pulmonary thromboembolism, even in those without any cardiac disorders.
{"title":"Ventricular mural thrombi - An occult occurrence?","authors":"P Vaideeswar, M Srikant","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_389_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_389_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ventricular mural thrombi are rare occurrences and form one of the common mechanical complications of myocardial infarctions. They also occur in patients with nonischemic myocardial disorders and even in those devoid of cardiac diseases. Clinical detection often depends on the size of the thrombi.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was aimed at ascertaining the etiopathogenesis of mural thrombi with a clinicopathologic correlation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a 12-year retrospective observational study reviewing the autopsy records of all cases showing ventricular mural thrombi. The location, size, morphology, and histologic appearances of the thrombi were noted. The cases, depending on the etiology, were categorized into myocardial ischemic (Group 1), myocardial nonischemic (Group 2), and non-myocardial (Group 3) causes. These features were correlated with the clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 93 cases of mural thrombi with an almost equal sex distribution and a mean age of 45.9 years. The cause was ischemic heart disease in most of the patients (Group 1, 46.2%), while 21.5% and 32.3% of patients belonged to Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. Unlike the large and dominantly left ventricular thrombi seen in Group 1, the other two groups frequently had biventricular involvement, location in the intertrabecular spaces, and a high microscopic detection. Clinical diagnosis had been made in only 3.2% of patients. Thromboembolism was noted in other organs in 34.4% of the total cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ventricular thrombi should be ruled out in patients with evidence of systemic and/or pulmonary thromboembolism, even in those without any cardiac disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10947727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}