MedComm最新文献

Inflammatory diseases, encompassing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, present a significant clinical challenge with substantial treatment-refractory patient populations despite biologic therapy advances. Stem cell therapeutics have emerged as a transformative approach, leveraging multifaceted regenerative mechanisms to address the complex pathophysiology of these conditions, which involves genetic, microbial, immunological, and epithelial dysregulation. This review focuses on comparing the clinical efficacy of contemporary stem cell strategies. We analyze outcomes across diverse cell sources, with a detailed examination of delivery methodologies. Our systematic analysis demonstrates superior efficacy with targeted delivery systems, particularly in managing localized inflammatory lesions (e.g., fistulas) and tissue restoration. Notably, minimally processed cellular interventions, such as autologous fat grafting and stromal vascular fraction therapy, show unexpected therapeutic promise. Critical translational barriers include suboptimal cell homing, limited engraftment persistence, and uncharacterized long-term safety profiles. We propose strategic solutions through induced pluripotent stem cell platforms, precision genetic modifications, and advanced delivery technologies. By integrating mechanistic insights with robust clinical evidence, this review establishes an evidence-based framework for optimizing stem cell therapeutics in inflammatory disease management. The analysis addresses fundamental scalability and safety considerations while identifying promising avenues for personalized regenerative medicine approaches in treatment-refractory inflammatory conditions.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by systemic dysfunction, necessitating a balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety. Immunotherapy is a core treatment approach for activating the antitumor immune response in the human body. The development of intelligent hydrogels has provided an innovative platform for tumor immunotherapy, owing to their adjustable properties for controlled drug delivery and immune modulation. Tumor immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in recent years. However, it continues to face critical challenges such as targeting and delivery barriers, suppression by the TME, and immune evasion and drug resistance. In response, as injectable or implantable biomaterials, hydrogels are emerging as a promising platform to address these limitations by enabling localized, controllable drug delivery and immunomodulation. This review systematically categorizes contemporary hydrogel construction strategies tailored for immunotherapy, highlighting the distinct advantages of specific architectures in diverse clinical contexts. By classifying hydrogel applications according to immune-based strategies, the work underscores their multifunctional utility as precision delivery platforms and modulators of the immune microenvironment. This comprehensive overview elucidates the progress and design principles of hydrogel-based immunotherapeutic platforms, providing valuable insights to guide future research and development in this evolving field.

Inflammation is a core pathological factor regulating tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance, and elucidating its molecular crosstalk with tumors is crucial for developing effective clinical therapies. Internal drivers of inflammation–tumor transformation include genomic disorder, epigenetic memory, mitochondrial stress, and metabolic reprogramming, which synergistically initiate carcinogenesis. External factors amplifying tumor progression cover immune dysfunction, stromal fibrosis, microbial dysbiosis, vascular neoplasia, and neurotoxicity, collectively accelerating tumor development. Notably, current therapies such as immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy often induce inflammatory accumulation, exacerbating chemoresistance and recurrence. However, cell-specific inflammatory signal regulation and the precise balance between anti-inflammatory effects and antitumor efficacy remain understudied, hindering clinical translation of potential strategies. This review systematically organizes the “internal driving force–external attractive force” regulatory network of inflammation-induced tumors, summarizes preclinical validation of inflammatory targets and combined therapy efficacy, and proposes future focus on cell-specific inflammatory signal regulation. It fills the gap in systematically integrating inflammation–tumor interaction mechanisms and provides important theoretical/practical guidance for developing precision anti-inflammatory–antitumor therapies.

Biomedical research models are undergoing continuous evolution, while conventional models (two-dimensional/ three-dimensional cultures and animal studies) face limitations in physiological relevance and ethical constraints. Against this backdrop, the integration of organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology with multi-omics methodologies is driving a profound paradigm shift in the field. OoC platforms utilize microfluidic technology to construct biomimetic three-dimensional microenvironments capable of highly simulating human physiological and pathological states, while multi-omics technologies (e.g., proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics) provide systematic molecular profiling capabilities. The integration of these two approaches enables multi-scale mechanistic analysis from molecular networks to the tissue level, significantly enhancing their potential in drug development and personalized medicine strategies. This article systematically reviews the research progress and existing challenges in this interdisciplinary field, with a focus on: (1) The developmental trajectory of OoC platforms from two-dimensional to biomimetic three-dimensional systems; (2) mechanistic insights revealed by the integration of multi-omics and OoC technology in modeling disease processes; and (3) key issues in the standardization and clinical translation of OoC technology. Finally, the paper proposes a development roadmap for constructing next-generation disease models, aiming to provide a theoretical framework and strategic guidance for the establishment of standardized systems and clinical translation pathways in this field.

Estrogen receptor (ER) α is a central regulator of osteoclasts in osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. ERα is regulated through interactions with various coactivators; however, the precise mechanisms of these interactions are not yet fully understood. We screened for proteins that bind to ERα using LC–MS/MS and identified a physical interaction between HSD17B7 and ERα, specifically ERα binding to the 119–172 domain of HSD17B7. This interaction blocked ubiquitin–proteasomal degradation of ERα and increased ERE activity. Estrogen-deficient mice lacking HSD17B7 in their preosteoclasts showed more severe bone loss than control mice. This was attributed to increased mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of PLD1–mTOR signaling. Additionally, in preosteoclasts derived from patients with severe osteoporosis, the expression of HSD17B7 and ERα was significantly reduced compared to the control subjects. Finally, raloxifene, which boosts ERα, did not inhibit bone loss without HSD17B7, confirming the modulation of ERα through HSD17B7. Therefore, HSD17B7 regulation is a novel therapeutic approach for alleviating estrogen-deficient osteoporosis.

Although the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial for governing life processes through redox signaling, the excessive accumulation of ROS can contribute to biomolecular damage and pathological state, namely, oxidative stress. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic equilibrium of cellular redox state, including the intracellular sources of ROS and the multilayered antioxidant defense network. When ROS production exceeds the regulatory limits of the antioxidant system, excessive ROS will act on a series of molecular targets and participate in the pathogenesis of diseases. Therapeutic targeting of the redox balance is regarded as an effective strategy for treating oxidative stress-related diseases, such as supplementation of direct antioxidants and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense network. Nevertheless, clinical trials that attempt to delay the onset or progression of such diseases are mostly negative. This review discusses the challenges encountered in the clinical application of antioxidant therapy and highlights the opportunities brought by novel technologies such as intelligent drug delivery system and personalized medicine. By adopting these new technologies, it is expected to overcome the limitations of traditional antioxidant therapy.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a well-documented endocrine disorder associated with metabolic abnormalities. Research has indicated potential links between PCOS and the gut microbiome, and the presence of microbial communities in follicular fluid (FF) has been demonstrated; however, their functional interplay with metabolites has not been elucidated. This case–control study involved 40 patients with PCOS and 40 controls matched for age. A comprehensive analysis of FF metabolites and microbial communities by means of metabolomics analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Twelve metabolites and 15 microbial communities were significantly different between the PCOS and control groups. AMH and AFC were significantly associated with the majority of the differentially abundant metabolites and bacteria, suggesting a potential association between FF components and ovarian function. In this study, we found that D-glucose and Alicyclobacillus were the most important variables in the metabolite model and microbial model, respectively. Mechanistically, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Terrimonas ferruginea, or Terrimonas pekingense can efficiently utilize glucose thereby reducing FF glucose levels, which provides insights into the microbiome–metabolite connection. These findings suggest a potential link among bacteria–metabolite–ovarian function, which could have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of PCOS and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic and microbial aspects.

Hydrogels, with excellent hydrophilicity and high-water content, have emerged as highly versatile biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. On account of the natural mimicry of extracellular matrix (ECM), moisture retention, porosity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable functionality, they provide crucial structural and biochemical support for tissue repair. As chronic wounds, aging, and degenerative diseases continue to increase, hydrogels offer great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional therapies. Despite these developments, there remains a crucial need for hydrogels that can effectively address the complex, multiphase nature of tissue repair while being cost-effective and easily applicable in various clinical settings. This review begins by taking wound healing as a representative example, particularly elaborating on the process of wound healing and therapeutic strategies to illustrate the importance of hydrogel design by tissue engineering technology. We then comprehensively evaluate the emerging hydrogel systems that integrate multiple therapeutic functions, including drug delivery, infection prevention, stimulus responsiveness, and clinical translation for wound dressings. Additionally, this review further extends to the application scope and incorporates the latest research advancements of multifunctional hydrogels in other biomedical applications. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings of existing studies and propose future research directions, with a view to providing a valuable reference basis for the development of multifunctional hydrogels within the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Natural products, originating from diverse biological sources, serve as a critical reservoir of bioactive compounds for cancer intervention across prevention, treatment, and supportive care. Their mechanisms extend beyond direct cytotoxicity to include modulation of tumor metabolism—such as glucose, lipid, and glutamine pathways—and the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their multifaceted role in oncology. However, a systematic synthesis of how natural products concurrently target metabolic reprogramming and immune–stromal components across different clinical phases remains lacking. This review delineates the therapeutic applications of natural products—such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids—across the clinical continuum, including perioperative support, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, maintenance therapy, and metastasis suppression. We detail their actions in disrupting core metabolic pathways and elucidate their influence on TME components like cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and immune cells including tumor-associated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, we discuss innovative delivery strategies—including nanocarriers and codelivery systems—that enhance bioavailability and enable synergistic combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical translation strategies, this work provides a comprehensive framework for employing natural products in biomarker-driven, precision oncology regimens, supporting their evolving role in multimodal cancer care.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant immune cell population within the tumor microenvironment and are central drivers of malignant progression and treatment resistance. High TAMs infiltration in solid tumors consistently correlates with poor clinical outcomes, largely due to their role in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu that supports tumor growth, metastasis, and undermines the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although TAMs are well-recognized promoters of tumor progression, the development of effective strategies to therapeutically target them remains an unmet clinical need. In this review, we examine the multifaceted mechanisms through which TAMs contribute to malignancy, including phagocytic signaling modulation, metabolic reprogramming, exosomal communication, and crosstalk with other immune cells. We also evaluate three key therapeutic strategies: blocking TAMs recruitment and survival, reprogramming TAMs toward antitumor phenotypes, and the emerging approach of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the synergistic potential of integrating TAMs-targeted strategies with conventional chemotherapy, RT, and immunotherapeutic approaches. By synthesizing current clinical evidence, this review aims to inform the rational design of next-generation TAMs-targeted interventions and to propose novel strategies for overcoming treatment resistance.