Objectives: Changing the mode of commuting from nonactive by car or motorcycle to active by walking, cycling, or public transport is expected to benefit health. However, the proportion of nonactive commuters who can change their commute mode to active forms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the proportions of nonactive commuters and of those who can change their commute mode to an active form in various regions in Japan.
Methods: In this descriptive study, data were used from an online survey conducted from April to May 2021. Participants included 3,000 adults (20 to 79 years), who were registered with an online survey company. Workers were asked their means of transportation to work and commuting time. Workers using a car or motorcycle for more than 1 minute for commuting were defined as nonactive commuters, and the others were defined as active commuters. Then, nonactive commuters were asked about the possibility of changing their commute mode to active commuting (0%-100%, 11 options in 10% increments). The possibility of change was classified into four groups, i.e., impossible (0%), difficult (10%-40%), probably possible (50%-90%), and possible (100%). The proportions of nonactive commuters and nonactive commuters who can transition to active commuting were described by region.
Results: A total of 2,683 participants answered the survey, including 1,647 workers, of whom 1,551 were commuters. The nonactive commuters accounted for 41.4% of commuters overall. The proportion of nonactive commuters was higher in rural than in urban regions. The proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode was 32.9% of the nonactive commuters or 12.8% of all workers. Among the nonactive commuters, the proportion who could change their commute mode was higher in urban than in rural regions. Of the total workers, the proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode was higher in rural regions.
Conclusion: Nonactive commuters accounted for 41.4% of all commuters. The proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode among nonactive commuters was higher in urban regions. However, in rural regions, as the proportion of nonactive commuters was high, the proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode among total workers was also high. These results suggest that some of nonactive commuters can change their commute mode from nonactive to active commuting, in rural as well as in urban regions.
{"title":"[Commute mode - physical activity and the possibility of change to active commuting among Japanese workers: a descriptive study by region].","authors":"Atsuko Fukunishi, Masaki Machida, Hiroyuki Kikuchi, Yuko Odagiri, Tomoko Takamiya, Noritoshi Fukushima, Shiho Amagasa, Tomoki Nakaya, Kimihiro Hino, Shigeru Inoue","doi":"10.1539/sangyoeisei.2023-014-E","DOIUrl":"10.1539/sangyoeisei.2023-014-E","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Changing the mode of commuting from nonactive by car or motorcycle to active by walking, cycling, or public transport is expected to benefit health. However, the proportion of nonactive commuters who can change their commute mode to active forms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the proportions of nonactive commuters and of those who can change their commute mode to an active form in various regions in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive study, data were used from an online survey conducted from April to May 2021. Participants included 3,000 adults (20 to 79 years), who were registered with an online survey company. Workers were asked their means of transportation to work and commuting time. Workers using a car or motorcycle for more than 1 minute for commuting were defined as nonactive commuters, and the others were defined as active commuters. Then, nonactive commuters were asked about the possibility of changing their commute mode to active commuting (0%-100%, 11 options in 10% increments). The possibility of change was classified into four groups, i.e., impossible (0%), difficult (10%-40%), probably possible (50%-90%), and possible (100%). The proportions of nonactive commuters and nonactive commuters who can transition to active commuting were described by region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,683 participants answered the survey, including 1,647 workers, of whom 1,551 were commuters. The nonactive commuters accounted for 41.4% of commuters overall. The proportion of nonactive commuters was higher in rural than in urban regions. The proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode was 32.9% of the nonactive commuters or 12.8% of all workers. Among the nonactive commuters, the proportion who could change their commute mode was higher in urban than in rural regions. Of the total workers, the proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode was higher in rural regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nonactive commuters accounted for 41.4% of all commuters. The proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode among nonactive commuters was higher in urban regions. However, in rural regions, as the proportion of nonactive commuters was high, the proportion of nonactive commuters who could change their commute mode among total workers was also high. These results suggest that some of nonactive commuters can change their commute mode from nonactive to active commuting, in rural as well as in urban regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94204,"journal":{"name":"Sangyo eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health","volume":" ","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138479868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ischemic heart disease especially silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and arrhythmia in need of careful observation in the exercise stress tests in the Total Health Promotion Plan (THP), which was conducted between 1994-96 for the purpose of measuring cardiopulmonary function. All workers (n = 4,918, 4,426 males) aged 18-60 yr old in an occupational field were studied. Exercise tests with an ergometer were performed by the LOPS protocol, in which the maximal workload was set up as a presumed 70-80% maximal oxygen intake, or STEP (original multistage protocol). ECG changes were evaluated with a CC5 lead. Two hundred and fifteen people refused the study because of a common cold, lumbago and so on. Of 4,703 subjects, 17 with abnormal rest ECG and 19 with probable anginal pain were excluded from the exercise tests. Of 4,667 who underwent the exercise test, 37 (0.79%) had ischemic ECG change, and 155 (3.32%) had striking arrhythmia. These 228 subjects then did a treadmill exercise test with Bruce protocol. Twenty-two (0.47% of 4,703) showed positive ECG change, 9 (0.19%) of 22 had abnormal findings on a 201Tl scan. 8 (0.17%) were diagnosed as SMI (Cohn I), in which the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoker and positive familial history of ischemic heart disease was greater than that of all subjects. In a 15-30 month follow up, none has developed cardiac accidents. Exercise-induced arrhythmia was detected in 11 (0.23%) subjects. Four were non-sustained ventricular tachycardia without any organic disease, 4 were ventricular arrhythmia based on cardiomyopathy detected by echocardiography, 2 were atrial fibrillation and another was WPW syndrome. It is therefore likely that the ergometer exercise test in THP was effective in preventing sudden death caused by ischemic heart disease or striking arrhythmia.
{"title":"Total Health Promotion Plan (THP)の運動負荷試験をきっかけにして発見される無症候性心筋虚血,運動誘発性不整脈","authors":"Masataka Iwane, Yoshimi Shibe, Katsuyuki Itoh, Fujihisa Kinoshita, Yoshiyuki Kanagawa, Mami Kobayashi, Kouichi Mugitani, Masanori Ohta, Hiroshi Ohata, Akiyoshi Yoshikawa, Zentaro Ikuta, Yoshinari Nakamura, Osamu Mohara","doi":"10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00002552452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00002552452","url":null,"abstract":": We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ischemic heart disease especially silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and arrhythmia in need of careful observation in the exercise stress tests in the Total Health Promotion Plan (THP), which was conducted between 1994-96 for the purpose of measuring cardiopulmonary function. All workers (n = 4,918, 4,426 males) aged 18-60 yr old in an occupational field were studied. Exercise tests with an ergometer were performed by the LOPS protocol, in which the maximal workload was set up as a presumed 70-80% maximal oxygen intake, or STEP (original multistage protocol). ECG changes were evaluated with a CC5 lead. Two hundred and fifteen people refused the study because of a common cold, lumbago and so on. Of 4,703 subjects, 17 with abnormal rest ECG and 19 with probable anginal pain were excluded from the exercise tests. Of 4,667 who underwent the exercise test, 37 (0.79%) had ischemic ECG change, and 155 (3.32%) had striking arrhythmia. These 228 subjects then did a treadmill exercise test with Bruce protocol. Twenty-two (0.47% of 4,703) showed positive ECG change, 9 (0.19%) of 22 had abnormal findings on a 201Tl scan. 8 (0.17%) were diagnosed as SMI (Cohn I), in which the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoker and positive familial history of ischemic heart disease was greater than that of all subjects. In a 15-30 month follow up, none has developed cardiac accidents. Exercise-induced arrhythmia was detected in 11 (0.23%) subjects. Four were non-sustained ventricular tachycardia without any organic disease, 4 were ventricular arrhythmia based on cardiomyopathy detected by echocardiography, 2 were atrial fibrillation and another was WPW syndrome. It is therefore likely that the ergometer exercise test in THP was effective in preventing sudden death caused by ischemic heart disease or striking arrhythmia.","PeriodicalId":94204,"journal":{"name":"Sangyo eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health","volume":"23 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89082173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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