Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HESs) are conditions characterized by persistent eosinophilia of 1.5 × 109/L or higher and manifestations of end‐organ involvement or dysfunction attributable to the eosinophilia. Immunological, infectious, and malignant disorders can be associated with HESs but can be even idiopathic. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with HES is rare. We report a case of HES complicated by DIC which improved with treatment. A 45‐year‐old woman was admitted with generalized itching for 6 months and breathlessness for 1 week. She had a history of hemorrhoids for the past 6 years. She denied a history of weight loss, had no sick contacts, and had no history of addictions. Examination showed multiple purpuric spots over both hand and foot and a Grade 3/5 pansystolic murmur over the tricuspid area. There were no other bleeding manifestations. Hemoglobin was 10.0 g/dl, total leukocyte count – 19,700/μl (neutrophil – 39%, lymphocytes – 23%, eosinophils – 33%, and monocytes – 5%), platelet count – 57,000/L, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate – 8 mm in 1 h. Peripheral smear showed hemolysis, severe eosinophilia, and moderate thrombocytopenia [Figure 1a]. Direct and indirect Coombs tests were negative. Renal function tests, blood sugar, serum electrolytes, urinalysis, and chest radiograph were all normal. Liver function tests showed indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were both prolonged. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, D‐dimer, and fibrin degradation product level were high. HIV, HbsAg, and HCV serologies were negative. Bone marrow examination showed trilineage maturation and myeloid hyperplasia with increase in eosinophils and its precursors [Figure 1b]. Workup for hypereosinophilia including stool examination for parasites, antinuclear antibody, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was negative. Cytogenetic studies for detecting FIP1L1‐PDGFRA rearrangement, CHIC2 deletion, FGFR1 rearrangement, and breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson murine leukemia were negative. Ultrasonography abdomen showed a hypoechoic lesion in the left lobe of the liver (48 mm × 38 mm). Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed an exophytic, hypodense lesion measuring 8.1 cm × 7 × cm 4.2 cm in the segment IV of the liver, and on postcontrast imaging, the lesion showed gradual centripetal filling in the arterial, portal, and delayed phases, which was suggestive of hepatic hemangioma. Echocardiogram showed thickened posterior mitral valve leaflet, moderate tricuspid and mitral regurgitation, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, left ventricular apical and lateral wall fibrosis and right ventricular apical fibrosis, and dysfunction [Figure 2]. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography thorax was normal. A diagnosis of DIC complicating idiopathic HES with cardiac involvement was made. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 3 days, which was followed
{"title":"Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation","authors":"M. Abdulla","doi":"10.4103/CTM.CTM_3_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CTM.CTM_3_19","url":null,"abstract":"Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HESs) are conditions characterized by persistent eosinophilia of 1.5 × 109/L or higher and manifestations of end‐organ involvement or dysfunction attributable to the eosinophilia. Immunological, infectious, and malignant disorders can be associated with HESs but can be even idiopathic. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with HES is rare. We report a case of HES complicated by DIC which improved with treatment. A 45‐year‐old woman was admitted with generalized itching for 6 months and breathlessness for 1 week. She had a history of hemorrhoids for the past 6 years. She denied a history of weight loss, had no sick contacts, and had no history of addictions. Examination showed multiple purpuric spots over both hand and foot and a Grade 3/5 pansystolic murmur over the tricuspid area. There were no other bleeding manifestations. Hemoglobin was 10.0 g/dl, total leukocyte count – 19,700/μl (neutrophil – 39%, lymphocytes – 23%, eosinophils – 33%, and monocytes – 5%), platelet count – 57,000/L, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate – 8 mm in 1 h. Peripheral smear showed hemolysis, severe eosinophilia, and moderate thrombocytopenia [Figure 1a]. Direct and indirect Coombs tests were negative. Renal function tests, blood sugar, serum electrolytes, urinalysis, and chest radiograph were all normal. Liver function tests showed indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were both prolonged. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, D‐dimer, and fibrin degradation product level were high. HIV, HbsAg, and HCV serologies were negative. Bone marrow examination showed trilineage maturation and myeloid hyperplasia with increase in eosinophils and its precursors [Figure 1b]. Workup for hypereosinophilia including stool examination for parasites, antinuclear antibody, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was negative. Cytogenetic studies for detecting FIP1L1‐PDGFRA rearrangement, CHIC2 deletion, FGFR1 rearrangement, and breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson murine leukemia were negative. Ultrasonography abdomen showed a hypoechoic lesion in the left lobe of the liver (48 mm × 38 mm). Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed an exophytic, hypodense lesion measuring 8.1 cm × 7 × cm 4.2 cm in the segment IV of the liver, and on postcontrast imaging, the lesion showed gradual centripetal filling in the arterial, portal, and delayed phases, which was suggestive of hepatic hemangioma. Echocardiogram showed thickened posterior mitral valve leaflet, moderate tricuspid and mitral regurgitation, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, left ventricular apical and lateral wall fibrosis and right ventricular apical fibrosis, and dysfunction [Figure 2]. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography thorax was normal. A diagnosis of DIC complicating idiopathic HES with cardiac involvement was made. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 3 days, which was followed ","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"22 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81262612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Wang, Run Wan, Cong Chen, Ruiliang Su, Yumin Li
Stomach cancer is a common malignant disease and is generally associated with mortality. Immunotherapy, including dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK), poses a significant presence. Follow-up plays a vital role in immunotherapy with stomach cancer by effectively predicting recurrence, promptly diagnosing disease, and early intervening to improve clinical outcome and survival rate. Follow-up guideline takes into these terms which are response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, health-related quality of life, tumor markers, T-lymphocyte subsets, and cytokine on the basis of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline. At the same time, the high-level follow-up team is necessary. Hitherto, there is no specific follow-up guide for immunotherapy. This article reviews the follow-up of DC-CIK with stomach cancer, and it is expected that more researchers focus on this issue to draw up utility guidelines of immunotherapy for stomach cancer.
{"title":"Progress in clinical follow-up study of dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer for stomach cancer","authors":"Ling Wang, Run Wan, Cong Chen, Ruiliang Su, Yumin Li","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_32_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_32_19","url":null,"abstract":"Stomach cancer is a common malignant disease and is generally associated with mortality. Immunotherapy, including dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK), poses a significant presence. Follow-up plays a vital role in immunotherapy with stomach cancer by effectively predicting recurrence, promptly diagnosing disease, and early intervening to improve clinical outcome and survival rate. Follow-up guideline takes into these terms which are response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, health-related quality of life, tumor markers, T-lymphocyte subsets, and cytokine on the basis of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline. At the same time, the high-level follow-up team is necessary. Hitherto, there is no specific follow-up guide for immunotherapy. This article reviews the follow-up of DC-CIK with stomach cancer, and it is expected that more researchers focus on this issue to draw up utility guidelines of immunotherapy for stomach cancer.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"72 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78062354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohui Xu, Guoyu Qiu, L. Ji, Ruiping Ma, Zi-long Dang, R. Jia, Bo Zhao
At present, cancer ranks first as the cause of death in the world, necessitating the need to develop new anticancer agents. As a probe, biomarkers can indicate the biological and pharmacological activity of anticancer agents and are thus valuable in predicting their effectiveness during the research and development phase. This paper reviews the research on the biomarker-guided prediction of the efficacy of anticancer agents. We infer that, in the process of the development of anticancer agents, reasonable selection of biomarkers can improve the accuracy of the development of anticancer agents.
{"title":"Research and development of anticancer agents under the guidance of biomarkers","authors":"Xiaohui Xu, Guoyu Qiu, L. Ji, Ruiping Ma, Zi-long Dang, R. Jia, Bo Zhao","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_2_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_2_19","url":null,"abstract":"At present, cancer ranks first as the cause of death in the world, necessitating the need to develop new anticancer agents. As a probe, biomarkers can indicate the biological and pharmacological activity of anticancer agents and are thus valuable in predicting their effectiveness during the research and development phase. This paper reviews the research on the biomarker-guided prediction of the efficacy of anticancer agents. We infer that, in the process of the development of anticancer agents, reasonable selection of biomarkers can improve the accuracy of the development of anticancer agents.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"17 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81464941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, the effects of anti-hyaluronidase-4 (Hyal-4) antibody on the histological changes of Hyal-4 and the corresponding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) expression in the rat spinal cord hemisection model were examined. Methods: After creating a rat spinal cord hemisection injury, experiments were conducted by administering anti-Hyal-4 antibody or control immunoglobulin G by intraspinal injection as a single dose, or intrathecal administration, using osmotic pumps, as multiple doses. Frozen sections of the injured spinal cord were made after a single-dose administration on days 1 and 4 and 1 week or at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the start of pump-aided injections. Immunofluorescence studies were then conducted using CS56 for CSPGs and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody for reactive astrocytes. Results: No difference was observed between the test and control groups in the single-dose administration of the antibody. In pump-aided administration, CSPGs in the control group decreased at 4 weeks, but those in the anti-Hyal-4 antibody administered group did not. Conclusion: Persistent suppression of Hyal-4 allowed CSPGs to remain and also increase in the rat spinal cord hemisection model, confirming Hyal-4 as an endogenous digestive enzyme of CSPGs.
{"title":"Inhibitory effect of hyaluronidase-4 in a rat spinal cord hemisection model","authors":"Xipeng Wang, Mitsuteru Yokoyama, Ping Liu","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_30_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_30_18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, the effects of anti-hyaluronidase-4 (Hyal-4) antibody on the histological changes of Hyal-4 and the corresponding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) expression in the rat spinal cord hemisection model were examined. Methods: After creating a rat spinal cord hemisection injury, experiments were conducted by administering anti-Hyal-4 antibody or control immunoglobulin G by intraspinal injection as a single dose, or intrathecal administration, using osmotic pumps, as multiple doses. Frozen sections of the injured spinal cord were made after a single-dose administration on days 1 and 4 and 1 week or at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the start of pump-aided injections. Immunofluorescence studies were then conducted using CS56 for CSPGs and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody for reactive astrocytes. Results: No difference was observed between the test and control groups in the single-dose administration of the antibody. In pump-aided administration, CSPGs in the control group decreased at 4 weeks, but those in the anti-Hyal-4 antibody administered group did not. Conclusion: Persistent suppression of Hyal-4 allowed CSPGs to remain and also increase in the rat spinal cord hemisection model, confirming Hyal-4 as an endogenous digestive enzyme of CSPGs.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"112 1","pages":"10 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79553512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Zhang, Guoyu Qiu, Xiaohui Xu, Yufeng Zhou, Rui-ming Chang
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mostly develops in patients with chronic liver disease, driven by a vicious cycle of liver injury, inflammation, and regeneration. Increasing evidence points to the influence of bacterial gut microbiota influence on chronic liver disease and the development of HCC. We will review how bacterial gut microbiota contributes to HCC and relevant therapeutic strategies, focusing on alterations of the bacterial gut microbiota at different disease stages and mechanisms by which it contributes to disease progression and HCC development in different types of liver diseases.
{"title":"Novel insights into the role of bacterial gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Lei Zhang, Guoyu Qiu, Xiaohui Xu, Yufeng Zhou, Rui-ming Chang","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_8_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_8_18","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mostly develops in patients with chronic liver disease, driven by a vicious cycle of liver injury, inflammation, and regeneration. Increasing evidence points to the influence of bacterial gut microbiota influence on chronic liver disease and the development of HCC. We will review how bacterial gut microbiota contributes to HCC and relevant therapeutic strategies, focusing on alterations of the bacterial gut microbiota at different disease stages and mechanisms by which it contributes to disease progression and HCC development in different types of liver diseases.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":"163 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79216199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aanchal Tandon, B. Bordoloi, Safia Siddiqui, R. Jaiswal
The central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm. It arises from either dental follicle or periodontal ligament or dental papilla. The lesion is characterized by collagenous fibrous connective tissue, containing varying number of islands or strands of odontogenic epithelium. Here, we present a case report of odontogenic fibroma in a 20-year-old female patient with unusual presenting symptoms.
{"title":"Central odontogenic fibroma with unusual presenting symptoms","authors":"Aanchal Tandon, B. Bordoloi, Safia Siddiqui, R. Jaiswal","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_29_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_29_18","url":null,"abstract":"The central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm. It arises from either dental follicle or periodontal ligament or dental papilla. The lesion is characterized by collagenous fibrous connective tissue, containing varying number of islands or strands of odontogenic epithelium. Here, we present a case report of odontogenic fibroma in a 20-year-old female patient with unusual presenting symptoms.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"242 1","pages":"167 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76185185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aims to explore the feasibility of using prior images and deformable image registration to generate onboard multimodality images to improve the soft tissue contrast of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), for target localization in radiation therapy. Methods: B-spline-based deformable registration is used to register magnetic resonance/computed tomography (MR/CT) images with CBCT images to generate synthetic onboard MR/CT images for onboard target localization. Liver, prostate, and breast patient data were used in the study to investigate the feasibility of the method. Results: Most of the tumor volume defined by the onboard synthetic images was covered by the planning target volume (PTV) based on the shifts applied in clinical practice. For 6 liver cases, 5 prostate cases, and all the breast cases, the synthetic images allowed the reduction of the PTV margin to 1.5–7 mm, 1–4 mm, and 1–1.5 mm, respectively. The dose to the normal tissue can be reduced based on the optimized margin. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using onboard synthetic multimodality imaging to improve the soft tissue contrast for target localization in low contrast regions. This new technique holds great promises to optimize the PTV margin and improve the treatment accuracy in radiation therapy.
{"title":"Assessing the feasibility of using deformable registration for onboard multimodality-based target localization in radiation therapy","authors":"Ge Ren, Yawei Zhang, L. Ren","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_31_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_31_18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to explore the feasibility of using prior images and deformable image registration to generate onboard multimodality images to improve the soft tissue contrast of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), for target localization in radiation therapy. Methods: B-spline-based deformable registration is used to register magnetic resonance/computed tomography (MR/CT) images with CBCT images to generate synthetic onboard MR/CT images for onboard target localization. Liver, prostate, and breast patient data were used in the study to investigate the feasibility of the method. Results: Most of the tumor volume defined by the onboard synthetic images was covered by the planning target volume (PTV) based on the shifts applied in clinical practice. For 6 liver cases, 5 prostate cases, and all the breast cases, the synthetic images allowed the reduction of the PTV margin to 1.5–7 mm, 1–4 mm, and 1–1.5 mm, respectively. The dose to the normal tissue can be reduced based on the optimized margin. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using onboard synthetic multimodality imaging to improve the soft tissue contrast for target localization in low contrast regions. This new technique holds great promises to optimize the PTV margin and improve the treatment accuracy in radiation therapy.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76789472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingfu Du, Xiaoying Ji, Guang-Jin Yin, D. Wei, Pengcheng Lin, Yong-jun Lu, Yu-guang Li, Qiaohong Yang, Shizhu Liu, Jinliang Ku, Wen-Hua Guan, Yuanzhi Lu
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of mortality due to malignancy next to gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Several causal factors have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC including regional and age difference, hepatitis virus, aflatoxin, chemicals, liver cirrhosis, and family heredity. Compared to the initial symptoms of HCC, the late symptoms are more obvious, which are liver pain, fatigue, emaciation, jaundice, and ascites. This paper summarized 30 biomarkers from organs, tissues, cells, and subcellular systems to be used for the diagnosis, detection, staging, and evaluation of the HCC so as to predict or prognoses diseases. The biomarker degrees of healthy people have a certain range of indicators. Pathological and clinical diagnostic methods are mainly used to detect various biomarkers related to HCC, such as the common detection of alpha-fetoprotein to detect HCC. Diverse indicators are determined by the modern technology so that we can explore and clarify the possible indicators associated with the pathogenesis of diseases in the organisms. In general, if one or more biomarkers are beyond the normal range, it would predict the presence of HCC in the body. Here, we try to provide a significant contribution toward clinical screening, prediction, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up monitoring of HCC and related diseases through elucidating the conception, production and influencing factors, sources, and biochemical indicator-associated tumor markers.
{"title":"Research advancement in the tumor biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Qingfu Du, Xiaoying Ji, Guang-Jin Yin, D. Wei, Pengcheng Lin, Yong-jun Lu, Yu-guang Li, Qiaohong Yang, Shizhu Liu, Jinliang Ku, Wen-Hua Guan, Yuanzhi Lu","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_32_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_32_18","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of mortality due to malignancy next to gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Several causal factors have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC including regional and age difference, hepatitis virus, aflatoxin, chemicals, liver cirrhosis, and family heredity. Compared to the initial symptoms of HCC, the late symptoms are more obvious, which are liver pain, fatigue, emaciation, jaundice, and ascites. This paper summarized 30 biomarkers from organs, tissues, cells, and subcellular systems to be used for the diagnosis, detection, staging, and evaluation of the HCC so as to predict or prognoses diseases. The biomarker degrees of healthy people have a certain range of indicators. Pathological and clinical diagnostic methods are mainly used to detect various biomarkers related to HCC, such as the common detection of alpha-fetoprotein to detect HCC. Diverse indicators are determined by the modern technology so that we can explore and clarify the possible indicators associated with the pathogenesis of diseases in the organisms. In general, if one or more biomarkers are beyond the normal range, it would predict the presence of HCC in the body. Here, we try to provide a significant contribution toward clinical screening, prediction, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up monitoring of HCC and related diseases through elucidating the conception, production and influencing factors, sources, and biochemical indicator-associated tumor markers.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"153 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76754019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intracranial germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors, broadly classified into germinomatous, nongerminomatous, or teratoma subtypes. Treatment has evolved over recent decades to include multimodal therapy combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although the majority of intracranial germs cell tumors are treated successfully, management can be fraught with complexities and present significant clinical challenges. Bifocal disease is well described, but rare, and therefore its behavior is not well characterized, particularly in nongerminomatous disease. This case report presents an interesting case, with both rare and common complications, in particular, to emphasize the challenges of germ cell tumor management. With a focus on bifocal disease, we review the published cases and highlight how advanced imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used in management. Advances in biology, targeted agents, and novel diagnostic tools are also discussed.
{"title":"Challenges and advances in the management of pediatric intracranial germ cell tumors: A case report and literature review","authors":"G. Millen, Karen A Manias, A. Peet, J. Adamski","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_36_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_36_17","url":null,"abstract":"Intracranial germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors, broadly classified into germinomatous, nongerminomatous, or teratoma subtypes. Treatment has evolved over recent decades to include multimodal therapy combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although the majority of intracranial germs cell tumors are treated successfully, management can be fraught with complexities and present significant clinical challenges. Bifocal disease is well described, but rare, and therefore its behavior is not well characterized, particularly in nongerminomatous disease. This case report presents an interesting case, with both rare and common complications, in particular, to emphasize the challenges of germ cell tumor management. With a focus on bifocal disease, we review the published cases and highlight how advanced imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used in management. Advances in biology, targeted agents, and novel diagnostic tools are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"134 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87191056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glioma is one of the most common intracranial malignant tumors. Its development is associated with mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene. IDH plays an important role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and when mutated, it can downregulate the expression of α-ketoglutarate and convert it to 2-hydroxypentaric acid (2-HG), activating the HIF-1 pathway to promote the development of glioma. This article briefly describes the role of IDH mutations in glioma development and progression and its relationship with other gene mutations. This information may provide a new perspective toward the treatment, molecular pathological grading, and prognosis of glioma.
{"title":"IDH gene mutation in glioma","authors":"Le-ping Liu, Xue-Jun Li","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_27_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_27_18","url":null,"abstract":"Glioma is one of the most common intracranial malignant tumors. Its development is associated with mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene. IDH plays an important role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and when mutated, it can downregulate the expression of α-ketoglutarate and convert it to 2-hydroxypentaric acid (2-HG), activating the HIF-1 pathway to promote the development of glioma. This article briefly describes the role of IDH mutations in glioma development and progression and its relationship with other gene mutations. This information may provide a new perspective toward the treatment, molecular pathological grading, and prognosis of glioma.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"129 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74262518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：