Chonnam medical journal最新文献

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an essential analytical technique in the biopharmaceutical industry, crucial for the separation, identification, and quantification of complex biological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. It plays a vital role in assessing the purity, potency, and stability of biopharmaceutical products, which are critical for regulatory approval. HPLC offers high resolution and sensitivity, allowing for the detection of small quantities of compounds in complex samples. Its versatility is evident in various modes, including reversed-phase, ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity chromatography. However, challenges remain, such as selecting the appropriate stationary phase, addressing peak overlapping and matrix interference, and optimizing operational parameters like flow rate and mobile phase composition. Standardization and method validation are essential for ensuring reproducibility, accuracy, and regulatory compliance in HPLC analyses. The need for reliable reference materials and calibration methods is also a significant challenge. Recent advancements in HPLC technology, including ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and hybrid systems that integrate HPLC with mass spectrometry, are helping to overcome these challenges by enhancing sensitivity, resolution, and analysis speed. In summary, as biopharmaceutical products grow more complex, HPLC's role will continue to evolve, highlighting the need for ongoing research and development to refine this critical analytical tool.

This study hypothesized that oxidative stress in women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) can influence in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administration on the oxidative stress state in follicular fluid in DOR patients. Following the follow-up of a retrospective cohort study, follicular fluid was isolated from twenty-five DOR patients. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured before and after intraovarian PRP administration using colorimetric methods. The levels of estradiol (E2), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured at baseline and after two menstrual cycles. The quantity and quality of oocytes and embryos were assessed at both stages. Following intraovarian PRP injection, an increase in TAC levels, elevated CAT and SOD activities, and a decline in TOS and MDA content in the follicular fluid of DOR women were observed. AMH and E2 hormone levels also increased post-treatment. Additionally, a relative increase in the number and quality of oocytes and embryos was observed after a single PRP injection. Intraovarian PRP injection improves the oxidative state of follicular fluid and potentially enhances IVF outcomes in DOR women.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic condition characterized by elevated glucose levels followed by deficiency in insulin secretion. Metformin notably decreased the incidence of T2DM by 31% and it exerts its effects through various signaling pathways. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus from 2000 to 2024. One of the primary mechanisms involves AMPK activation which causes reduced lipogenesis and improved fatty acid oxidation in the liver and muscles. Key molecules affected by metformin include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), both involved in lipid synthesis regulation. Aerobic exercise has also emerged as a crucial component in managing T2DM due to its improved effects on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity. Key signaling pathways affected in T2DM include the PI3K/Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and MAPK/ERK pathways which play essential roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, glycogenesis, and insulin secretion. When comparing the mechanisms and efficacy of aerobic exercise and metformin, it becomes evident that aerobic exercise primarily enhances physical fitness and metabolic function, while metformin exerts its effects through biochemical pathways involving AMPK activation. Aerobic exercise and metformin are effective for managing T2DM, though they operate through different mechanisms. Regular aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity, enhances cardiovascular health, and promotes weight loss, while metformin primarily decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhances insulin secretion. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways affected by metformin and aerobic exercise provides valuable insights into its mechanisms of action and clinical implications for treating diabetic patients effectively.

Colonoscopy is a key procedure for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Despite its importance, the discomfort associated with colonoscopy often requires sedation, and the ideal sedation regimen remains to be determined. In this prospective randomized controlled trial, patients scheduled for colonoscopy were randomly assigned to two different sedation protocols. Group A received a combination of midazolam and propofol, while group B was given midazolam and pethidine. The study analyzed data from 51 patients, with 23 in group A and 28 in group B. The incidence of adverse events was similar across both groups. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in cecal intubation times or total procedure durations. Notably, group A had a lower frequency of required postural changes (1.0±.7 vs. 1.5±0.7, p=0.02) and a reduced rate of manual compression (52.2% vs. 82.1%, p=0.02). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding subjective pain or overall satisfaction. Both sedation regimens were found to be safe and effective. The midazolam and propofol combination was associated with a smoother procedure, evidenced by fewer postural adjustments and less manual compression needed during colonoscopy.

COVID-19 can lead to pulmonary complications, including organizing pneumonia. Steroids are essential in treating post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia. However, research on the clinical benefits of initiating steroid treatment early for this condition is limited. To investigate the steroid initiation time in its association with treatment duration and corticosteroid dose for treating post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia, we analyzed the data of 91 patients with post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia at Chonnam National University Hospital between October 2020 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into early and late groups based on time from COVID-19 diagnosis to steroid initiation time for organizing pneumonia. The mean time interval between COVID-19 infection and steroid initiation time for treating organizing pneumonia, was 18.4±8.6 days. Within the early treatment group (treatment initiated <18.4 days after COVID-19), which included 55 patients, the mean duration of steroid treatment was 43.1±18.3days. In contrast, the late treatment group (initiated ≥18.4 days after COVID-19), which consisted of 36 patients, had a longer mean duration of steroid treatment 59.1±22.6 days) (p<0.01). Regarding corticosteroid dosing, the early treatment group had an average dosage of 0.5±0.3 mg/kg/day, in contrast to the late group, which averaged 0.8±0.3 mg/kg/day (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed steroid initiation time significantly influenced treatment duration (β=0.80 , p<0.01) and dosage (β=0.03, p<0.01). The clinical benefits of early steroid treatment for post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia may lie in its association with reduced steroid treatment duration and dosage.

This study assessed the impact of distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnostic activities, including gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE). It analyzed GIE volumes from 2020 to 2022 in comparison to 2018-2019, considering variations in resilience linked to socioeconomic status (SES). The analysis utilized data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services database, covering the entire population and medical facilities. Diagnostic GIE rates (2018-2022) in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeonnam province were examined, comparing age-standardized rates (ASRs) by area, gender, and SES. The results indicated a decline in ASRs for colonoscopy and endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in 2020 compared to 2018-2019, followed by an increase in 2021-2022, except for EGD in the medical aid population. SES based and rural-urban disparities were evident in the recovery of GIE rates. The findings suggest that equity-focused strategies are needed to ensure equitable healthcare access among different socioeconomic groups after pandemic.

Globally, it is estimated that more than 50% of antibiotics are obtained without a prescription. The main purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge and practice of primary caregivers about self-medication in children with antibiotics, as studies on self-medication is lacking in India, also, it will help is assessing parents' knowledge and attitude towards self medication. This cross-sectional study conducted in the urban community of Shastri Nagar, Patna, aimed to evaluated antibiotic use in children aged 0-12. From January 2023 to March 2023, 173 caregivers were randomly selected through house visits. Data collection used a pre-tested questionnaire, ensuring confidentiality. In this study of 173 participants, caregivers in an urban community demonstrated varying knowledge regarding antibiotic use in children. Mothers and post-graduates possessed better awareness of antibiotic consequences. Fathers exhibited better understanding of side effects. Knowledge on antibiotics' action was seen among mothers, those aged 30-39, with family income of Rs. 20,000-40,000 and those with family members in medical field. Fathers had more incorrect beliefs about antibiotics treating viral infections. Common conditions for self-medication included cough/cold, fever and diarrhea, with hospitals being the primary source of antibiotics. Majority obtained information from pharmacies but awareness about antibiotic course completion and versatility was limited. Caregivers' antibiotic knowledge varied; mothers and post-graduates were more aware, while fathers understood side effects better.

Prescribing a P2Y12 inhibitor for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is challenging because of the risk of bleeding and ischemia. We compared the risk of ischemia and bleeding between clopidogrel and ticagrelor in elderly East Asian patients with diabetes using the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR)-V data. This study included 838 patients enrolled in the KAMIR-V who were >75 years, had DM, AMI, and had undergone PCI. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment drug. After propensity score matching, 466 patients (ticagrelor: clopidogrel= 233:233) were included in the Cox regression analyses to determine the risk of bleeding and ischemia. The baseline characteristics were not different. The type of antiplatelet therapy did not affect the incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type ≥2 bleeding. There was no significant difference between ticagrelor and clopidogrel treatment outcomes with respect to ischemia risk. This prospective study of a Korean patient cohort (elderly Korean patients with DM) showed no differences in bleeding and ischemia risks based on the use of either ticagrelor or clopidogrel. Large scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine the optimal antiplatelet agents for these patients.

Family caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders who are responsible for taking care of the patient face many problems that can endanger the psychosocial health of these people. This study was conducted to develop, implement, and evaluate a psychosocial health promotion program for family caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders. This research is an exploratory sequential mixed-method study conducted using a qualitative-quantitative design. A qualitative study was conducted to explain the needs and psychosocial problems and the solution to improve the psychosocial health of family caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders in two psychiatric care centers in Isfahan were conducted. Then the program was written based on Kern's programming development approach. In the quantitative stage, a part of the developed program was implemented as virtual group psychoeducation for 67 caregivers, and its impact on caregivers' burden of care was evaluated. The findings from the qualitative phase of the study led to the emergence of 3 main categories and the findings from the quantitative phase of the study indicated that the implementation of the compiled program causes a significant reduction in the burden of care in family caregivers of chronically mentally ill patients (p<0.05). The current program was prepared and developed using an evidence-based approach. Policymakers and members of the mental health team can take a valuable step toward reducing the care burden of family caregivers of chronic mental patients by using the content of the developed mental health promotion program.