Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55380
G. Paul, Muhammad Ahsan khan, Mohammad Abdus Sattar Bhuiyan, M. A. Sharker, Jahir Uddin Mohammed Sharif, N. Jahan, Koushik Bhowmick, Md. Shamim Chowdhury
Congenital mitral valve disease or malformation may be isolated or associated with other cardiac anomalies. Mitral valve may affect its different segments during development. This anomaly is due to mitral valve with a single fibrous annulus with two orifices (Double orifices mitral valve) that open into the left ventricle. It may be associated with stenosis and or mitral regurgitation. Here we describe a 17 years young girl with palpitation and shortness of breath on moderate to severe exertion. Examination of the cardiovascular system, chest including precordium revealed no abnormality. She is acyanotic and there is no clubbing. On Trans thoracic Echocardiogram isolated double orifice mitral valve was found with no other associated congenital anomalies. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 79-81
{"title":"A Young Girl with Barely Symptomatic Congenital Mitral Valve Disease","authors":"G. Paul, Muhammad Ahsan khan, Mohammad Abdus Sattar Bhuiyan, M. A. Sharker, Jahir Uddin Mohammed Sharif, N. Jahan, Koushik Bhowmick, Md. Shamim Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55380","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital mitral valve disease or malformation may be isolated or associated with other cardiac anomalies. Mitral valve may affect its different segments during development. This anomaly is due to mitral valve with a single fibrous annulus with two orifices (Double orifices mitral valve) that open into the left ventricle. It may be associated with stenosis and or mitral regurgitation. Here we describe a 17 years young girl with palpitation and shortness of breath on moderate to severe exertion. Examination of the cardiovascular system, chest including precordium revealed no abnormality. She is acyanotic and there is no clubbing. On Trans thoracic Echocardiogram isolated double orifice mitral valve was found with no other associated congenital anomalies.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 79-81","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83044274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55377
N. Fatema, S. Prabhu
The left atrial aneurysm (LAA) is an extremely rare congenital malformation of the heart. It can be caused by congenital dysplasia of atrial muscle. It may result secondarily from severe mitral valvular disease. This is the first ever case of left atrial aneurysm in an 8 months old child of Bangladesh who was treated successfully and now leading a normal life after surgical resection. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 70-72
{"title":"Huge Left Atrial Aneurysm: First Case Report in Bangladesh","authors":"N. Fatema, S. Prabhu","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55377","url":null,"abstract":"The left atrial aneurysm (LAA) is an extremely rare congenital malformation of the heart. It can be caused by congenital dysplasia of atrial muscle. It may result secondarily from severe mitral valvular disease. This is the first ever case of left atrial aneurysm in an 8 months old child of Bangladesh who was treated successfully and now leading a normal life after surgical resection.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 70-72","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79468484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55369
N. Hosain, Rajibul Islam, Muhammad Abdul Quaium Chowdhury, Mohammad Fazle Maruf, A. Mahmud, M. R. Chowdhury, Maruf Hasan Alam Arnob, Fahmida Hoque
Background: Postoperative cardiac arrhythmias may present as life threatening complications like- cerebrovascular strokes, thrombo-embolic manifestations, inadequate ventricular filling and compromised hemodynamic stability. Amiodarone is an effective drug for various postoperative arrhythmias. Objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Amiodarone in controlling postoperative arrhythmia in our settings at the department of cardiac surgery. Methods: This retrospective observational study involved random selection of 20 patients, who developed potentially life-threatening arrhythmia following cardiac surgical procedures under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) between January 2018 and December 2020. Amiodarone was used in controlling postoperative cardiac arrhythmia by loading 1000 mg in first 24 hours, followed by 800 mg orally in daily divided doses. Results: Among 20 patients under study, five had valvular replacement, three had ASD closure, one VSD closure, one patient had excision of LA myxoma and in ten patients had undergone CABG. The Mean ± SD of the age of the patients was 50.2 ± 14.7 years. Eleven patients (55%) were female. Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate occurred in 15 patients, supraventricular tachycardia in two and ventricular tachycardia three patients. Targets were achieved in all 20 of these patients. Among them 13 (65%) reverted to sinus rhythm, in other 7 AF persisted but ventricular rates became below 100/m with hemodynamic stability. The Mean ± SD of the time required for target achievement was 8.9 ± 7.4 hours. There was no perioperative death in these patients. Conclusion: Amiodarone is an effective medication in combating both atrial and ventricular arrhythmia following cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 20-23
{"title":"Amiodarone in the Management of Cardiac Arrhythmia Following Open Heart Surgery","authors":"N. Hosain, Rajibul Islam, Muhammad Abdul Quaium Chowdhury, Mohammad Fazle Maruf, A. Mahmud, M. R. Chowdhury, Maruf Hasan Alam Arnob, Fahmida Hoque","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55369","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postoperative cardiac arrhythmias may present as life threatening complications like- cerebrovascular strokes, thrombo-embolic manifestations, inadequate ventricular filling and compromised hemodynamic stability. Amiodarone is an effective drug for various postoperative arrhythmias. Objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Amiodarone in controlling postoperative arrhythmia in our settings at the department of cardiac surgery.\u0000Methods: This retrospective observational study involved random selection of 20 patients, who developed potentially life-threatening arrhythmia following cardiac surgical procedures under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) between January 2018 and December 2020. Amiodarone was used in controlling postoperative cardiac arrhythmia by loading 1000 mg in first 24 hours, followed by 800 mg orally in daily divided doses.\u0000Results: Among 20 patients under study, five had valvular replacement, three had ASD closure, one VSD closure, one patient had excision of LA myxoma and in ten patients had undergone CABG. The Mean ± SD of the age of the patients was 50.2 ± 14.7 years. Eleven patients (55%) were female. Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate occurred in 15 patients, supraventricular tachycardia in two and ventricular tachycardia three patients. Targets were achieved in all 20 of these patients. Among them 13 (65%) reverted to sinus rhythm, in other 7 AF persisted but ventricular rates became below 100/m with hemodynamic stability. The Mean ± SD of the time required for target achievement was 8.9 ± 7.4 hours. There was no perioperative death in these patients.\u0000Conclusion: Amiodarone is an effective medication in combating both atrial and ventricular arrhythmia following cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 20-23","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90354390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55376
Nadira Haque, N. Hosain, A. Islam, Zakia Mamataz, M. Ibrahim, Shamim, Ahmed, M. Anisuzzaman, Shahena Akter
Coronary artery disease in pregnancy is a catastrophic situation that may endanger the lives of both the mother and the fetus. Cardiac diseases may account for up to 15% of maternal mortality. Pregnancy may increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction up to 4-fold. Various hemodynamic derangements may occur during pregnancy including expansion of plasma and blood volume, compression of inferior vena cava and fall in both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. If pregnant women present with acute coronary artery disease, medical management should be attempted first and if any intervention or surgery is needed, efforts must be made to lower the risk. A multidisciplinary approach is essential involving obstetrician, cardiologist, cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologist and neonatologists or pediatrician. Pregnancy is considered to be a relative contraindication to thrombolytic therapy due to some complications. Revascularization may be considered in acute coronary syndrome in pregnant women like other nonpregnant patients. Primary per cutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft have been performed successfully during pregnancy and may be considered as therapeutic option in pregnancy in selective cases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered to be relatively safe for maternal and fetal survival during pregnancy. Main worry in PCI is radiation exposure and need to dual antiplatelet therapy. Bare metal stent is preferred during pregnancy because of shorter duration of anticoagulation therapy. Early second trimester is the optimum surgical period to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in pregnant women. Coronary artery bypass surgery can be safely done after 28 weeks of gestational age and immediately after cesarean section. Early detection, a multidisciplinary approach and timely interventions must be considered in coronary artery disease in pregnancy for better obstetric outcome. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 61-69
{"title":"Coronary Artery Diseases During Pregnancy: Minimizing Adverse Consequences and Improving Clinical Outcome","authors":"Nadira Haque, N. Hosain, A. Islam, Zakia Mamataz, M. Ibrahim, Shamim, Ahmed, M. Anisuzzaman, Shahena Akter","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55376","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease in pregnancy is a catastrophic situation that may endanger the lives of both the mother and the fetus. Cardiac diseases may account for up to 15% of maternal mortality. Pregnancy may increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction up to 4-fold. Various hemodynamic derangements may occur during pregnancy including expansion of plasma and blood volume, compression of inferior vena cava and fall in both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. If pregnant women present with acute coronary artery disease, medical management should be attempted first and if any intervention or surgery is needed, efforts must be made to lower the risk. A multidisciplinary approach is essential involving obstetrician, cardiologist, cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologist and neonatologists or pediatrician. Pregnancy is considered to be a relative contraindication to thrombolytic therapy due to some complications. Revascularization may be considered in acute coronary syndrome in pregnant women like other nonpregnant patients. Primary per cutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft have been performed successfully during pregnancy and may be considered as therapeutic option in pregnancy in selective cases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered to be relatively safe for maternal and fetal survival during pregnancy. Main worry in PCI is radiation exposure and need to dual antiplatelet therapy. Bare metal stent is preferred during pregnancy because of shorter duration of anticoagulation therapy. Early second trimester is the optimum surgical period to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in pregnant women. Coronary artery bypass surgery can be safely done after 28 weeks of gestational age and immediately after cesarean section. Early detection, a multidisciplinary approach and timely interventions must be considered in coronary artery disease in pregnancy for better obstetric outcome.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 61-69","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74956873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55367
A. Islam, D. Adhikary, Shovan Rahman, Mohsin Ahmed, Md. Toufiqur Rahman, M. Ullah, A. Majumder
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Phenotypic expression varies widely from subclinical hypertrophy to gross asymmetric septal hypertrophy causing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. On top of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, the prevalence of different types of HCM may have geographical, as well as, ethnic variation. Methods: This observational study was carried out during 2010 to 2020 to determine the echocardiographic profile of HCM in Bangladeshi population. All patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a private consultation centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh were included. HCM was defined as the presence of a maximal end-diastolic wall thickness of e”15 mm anywhere in the left ventricle (LV), in the absence of another cause of hypertrophy in adults. HCM was further classified according to the pattern of myocardial hypertrophy and presence or absence of LVOT, or mid-left ventricular cavity obstruction. Results: Out of 76 cases, non-obstructive HCM was the commonest type (65.8%), followed by HCM causing LVOT obstruction (13.2%), HCM causing mid-LV cavity obstruction (10.5%), and the apical variety ( 10.5%). Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) was found in 42.1%, systolic anterior motion (SAM) of anterior mitral leaflet (AML) in 14.5%, mitral regurgitation (MR) in 50%, left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 5.3%, and raised pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in 15.8% of cases. Maximum LV wall thickness ≥30 mm was found in 66 out of 76 cases. Conclusion: The study highlights the clinically useful profile of HCM in Bangladeshi population based on conventional echocardiography. Further studies involving clinical, newer echocardiographic modalities and genetic analyses are warranted to discover the additional information in this ethnicity. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 5-11
{"title":"Echocardiographic Profile of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – A Single-Centre, Observational study","authors":"A. Islam, D. Adhikary, Shovan Rahman, Mohsin Ahmed, Md. Toufiqur Rahman, M. Ullah, A. Majumder","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55367","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Phenotypic expression varies widely from subclinical hypertrophy to gross asymmetric septal hypertrophy causing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. On top of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, the prevalence of different types of HCM may have geographical, as well as, ethnic variation.\u0000Methods: This observational study was carried out during 2010 to 2020 to determine the echocardiographic profile of HCM in Bangladeshi population. All patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a private consultation centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh were included. HCM was defined as the presence of a maximal end-diastolic wall thickness of e”15 mm anywhere in the left ventricle (LV), in the absence of another cause of hypertrophy in adults. HCM was further classified according to the pattern of myocardial hypertrophy and presence or absence of LVOT, or mid-left ventricular cavity obstruction.\u0000Results: Out of 76 cases, non-obstructive HCM was the commonest type (65.8%), followed by HCM causing LVOT obstruction (13.2%), HCM causing mid-LV cavity obstruction (10.5%), and the apical variety ( 10.5%). Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) was found in 42.1%, systolic anterior motion (SAM) of anterior mitral leaflet (AML) in 14.5%, mitral regurgitation (MR) in 50%, left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 5.3%, and raised pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in 15.8% of cases. Maximum LV wall thickness ≥30 mm was found in 66 out of 76 cases.\u0000Conclusion: The study highlights the clinically useful profile of HCM in Bangladeshi population based on conventional echocardiography. Further studies involving clinical, newer echocardiographic modalities and genetic analyses are warranted to discover the additional information in this ethnicity.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 5-11","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"435 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83054457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55383
Anisuzzaman, N. Hosain
John Webster Kirklin was an American cardiothoracic surgeon, prolific author and medical educator who is best remembered for refining John Gibbon’s heart-lung bypass machine via a pump-oxygenator to make feasible under direct vision routine open-heart surgery. His other advances, on which success of heart surgeries depends, including teamwork, developments in establishing the correct diagnosis before surgery and progress in computerized intensive care unit monitoring after open heart surgery. Wayne Miller refers to Dr Kirklin in the 1970s as “arguably the best practicing open heart surgeon anywhere. He was one of cardiac surgery’s most accomplished researchers, a scientist whose mind was sometimes compared, flatteringly, to a computer.” John W Kirklin and Brian G Barratt-Boyes drafted the book ‘Cardiac Surgery’, which is considered as the Bible of the subject. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 93-96
约翰·韦伯斯特·柯克林是一位美国心胸外科医生、多产作家和医学教育家，他最著名的成就是通过泵氧合器改进了约翰·吉本的心肺搭桥机，使直视下的常规心内直视手术成为可能。心脏手术的成功取决于他的其他进步，包括团队合作，在手术前建立正确诊断的发展，以及心脏直视手术后计算机化重症监护病房监测的进步。韦恩·米勒(Wayne Miller)称，20世纪70年代的柯克林医生“可以说是世界上最好的心内直视外科医生”。他是心脏外科领域最有成就的研究人员之一，他的大脑有时被奉承地比作一台计算机。”John W . Kirklin和Brian G . Barratt-Boyes撰写了《心脏外科》一书，这本书被认为是该领域的圣经。心血管病杂志2021;14 (1): 93 - 96
{"title":"John W Kirklin: The Greatest Scientific Cardiac Surgeon of the Century","authors":"Anisuzzaman, N. Hosain","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55383","url":null,"abstract":"John Webster Kirklin was an American cardiothoracic surgeon, prolific author and medical educator who is best remembered for refining John Gibbon’s heart-lung bypass machine via a pump-oxygenator to make feasible under direct vision routine open-heart surgery. His other advances, on which success of heart surgeries depends, including teamwork, developments in establishing the correct diagnosis before surgery and progress in computerized intensive care unit monitoring after open heart surgery. Wayne Miller refers to Dr Kirklin in the 1970s as “arguably the best practicing open heart surgeon anywhere. He was one of cardiac surgery’s most accomplished researchers, a scientist whose mind was sometimes compared, flatteringly, to a computer.” John W Kirklin and Brian G Barratt-Boyes drafted the book ‘Cardiac Surgery’, which is considered as the Bible of the subject.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 93-96","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86427088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55378
Mohammod Ali, F. Khan, Sudhakar Sarker, A. Bashar, A. Chowdhury
Central venous (CV) lines are widely used for anything from rapid fluid resuscitation, to drug administration, to parenteral nutrition, and even for administering hemodialysis. Central lines come in different sizes, types, and sites of administration. Sometimes their use can be associated with complications as well. Our patient is an 85 years old hypertensive, diabetic female presenting with post COVID fibrosis with aspiration pneumonia with septic shock. After admissions in ICU, CV line was inserted through right sub-clavian venous route for administration of essential medications including inotropes. However, forceful backflow of blood was noticed after insertion of CV line raising the suspicion of arterial insertion. It was later confirmed by CXR, ABG and duplex arterial study. Taking appropriate precautions, we were able to remove the CV line safely without any complications. Sometimes minor and easy things like CV like insertion can become life threatening. But with proper knowledge and planning we can overcome any complications. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 73-75
{"title":"Appearance can be Deceptive- A Case Report on Central Venous Line Complication","authors":"Mohammod Ali, F. Khan, Sudhakar Sarker, A. Bashar, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v14i1.55378","url":null,"abstract":"Central venous (CV) lines are widely used for anything from rapid fluid resuscitation, to drug administration, to parenteral nutrition, and even for administering hemodialysis. Central lines come in different sizes, types, and sites of administration. Sometimes their use can be associated with complications as well. Our patient is an 85 years old hypertensive, diabetic female presenting with post COVID fibrosis with aspiration pneumonia with septic shock. After admissions in ICU, CV line was inserted through right sub-clavian venous route for administration of essential medications including inotropes. However, forceful backflow of blood was noticed after insertion of CV line raising the suspicion of arterial insertion. It was later confirmed by CXR, ABG and duplex arterial study. Taking appropriate precautions, we were able to remove the CV line safely without any complications. Sometimes minor and easy things like CV like insertion can become life threatening. But with proper knowledge and planning we can overcome any complications.\u0000Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 73-75","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74758672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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