Cancer chemotherapy reports最新文献

This paper presents a theoretic study of pharmacokinetic and cell kinetic models for cancer chemotherapeutic systems. The mathematic analysis is based on a modified procedure deduced from DeVita's scheme of the relationship between the cellular kinetics of normal and tumor tissues and the pharmacokinetics of antitumor agents for designing an optimal dose and schedule for cancer treatment. In this scheme pharmacokinetic models and cell-drug interactions at the tumor site are incorporated into the cell cycle kinetic models to form the cancer chemotherapeutic model systems. Three cell cycle kinetic models are presented under alternative hypotheses concerning the mechanism of the resting cells, while each tumor mass is comprised of cells in proliferating (consisting of the four cycle phases G1, S, G2, and M), resting (Go), and non dividing (D, dead) states. An algorithm and a computer program for simulating the tumor populations during scheduled treatments have been prepared. By a suitable selection of expressions for cell-drug interactions, the program is able to simulate tumor behavior during scheduled treatments with different classes of anticancer agent such as cell cycle phase-specific, cell cycle-specific, or cell cycle-specific, or cell cycle-nonspecific drugs. A preliminary study of the L1210-ara-C therapeutic system is included to demonstrate the computer simulation procedures.

Levamisole and tetramisole had no antitumor effect against the following transplantable syngeneic murine tumors: L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma, Madison 109 lung tumor, and Lewis lung carcinoma. In the Lewis lung carcinoma system there was no effect on primary tumor growth, metastasis, or survival. Tetramisole had a variable effect on the growth of rhabdomyosarcomas and the survival of BALB/c mice following intramuscular inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus. In two experiments treatment with tetramisole either prior to or following inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus increased the number of mice with tumor regression as opposed to progressive tumor growth, incrneased the number of long-term survivors, and prolonged the lifespan of mice that died of tumor. In two further tests neither levamisole nor tetramisole had an effect in this system. In mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide prior to virus inoculation, there was not effect of treatment with levamisole or tetramisole.

We evaluated the responses of 39 children with cancer who, after failure to respond to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, received either or both of two epipodophyllotoxins: 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-o-2-thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (NSC-122819) and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-o-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (NSC-141540). Seventeen patients has acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 12 had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and ten had solid tumors. Initially, the patients in each disease category were randomized to receive 50 mg/m2/dose of NSC-122819 intravenously (iv) twice weekly or 75 mg/m2/dose iv of NSC-141540 twice weekly for 4 weeks. Drug dosages and schedules of administration were adjusted during the course of the study. Although objective responses were not detected in the heterogeneous group of solid tumor patients, definite clinical responses were obtained in nine of the 29 patients with acute leukemia. The responses to the two epipodophyllotoxins were noted in patients with ALL as well as in patients with ANLL. Toxic side-effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, alopecia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These results, the first reported with both NSC-122819 and NSC-141540 in childhood cancer, indicate that the epipodophyllotoxins are well tolerated and may be effective against acute leukemia.

The LD50 of intraperitoneally (ip) injected daunorubicin in nonleukemic mice (1.8 mg/kg, q4d times 3) can be increased several fold by the concomitant ip injection of ICRF-159. In addition, the survival of leukemic mice treated with daunorubicin and ICRF-159 on Days 1, 5, and 9 after ip inoculation of L1210 tumor cells was substantially greater than after treatment with either drug alone. This potentiation of survival with combination treatment usually occurred with doses of daunorubicin greater than the LD50 of daunorubicin alone. The LD50 of subcutaneously (sc) injected daunorubicin alone (14.0 mg/kg, q4d times 3) was not increased by concomitant ip treatment with ICRF-159. However, when leukemic mice were treated sc with daunorubicin and ip with ICRF-159 on Days 1, 5, and 9 after ip injection of L1210 leukemia cells, survival was greater than with treatment with either drug alone. The toxicity of ip injected adriamycin was not reduced by ICRF-159, but treatment of leukemic mice with this combination was more effective in prolonging survival than treatment with either drug alone. Combination treatment with daunorubicin plus ICRF-159 showed much less therapeutic enhancement against sc implanted L1210 leukemia than against the ip implanted tumor.

A model framework is discussed for a quantitative description of intercompartment drug transport in terms of individual processes involved. It permits joint consideration of blood flow, membrane transport, binding, and enzyme synthesis. Illustrations are drawn from the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate. Special cases include flow and membrane limitation, and a simple expression is derived to estimate the time required for intracellular drug to reach the concentration of high-affinity binding sites. Transport parameters between blood and cerebrospinal fluid are inferred from new clinical data. Lumbar injection provided a reservoir effect which maintained plasma concentration for a prolonged time compared with intravenous injections.