Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets最新文献

Background: Heart diseases are the leading causes of mortality and Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect reported worldwide.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of arrhythmias and CHD and the association between the two, among infants and children reported to our center.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included infants and children who were referred to Shahid Madani Hospital, Khorramabad. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed in these children to determine the type of arrhythmia and records were used to obtain demographic data and the data regarding CHD.

Results: Of 200 children enrolled in the study, 10 children had arrhythmias, 12 had tachycardia, 5 had bradycardia, and 31 had congenital disease. Among children with arrhythmias, 1 had atrial fibrillation, 4 patients had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 1 person had right bundle branch block, 1 had ventricular tachycardia, 2 had premature ventricular contractions and 1 had junctional ectopic tachycardia. Of the 31 children with CHD, 9 patients were presented with small ventricular septal defect, 4 children had patent foramen ovale, 2 had pulmonary stenosis and 1 of the children had tetralogy of fallout, arterial and ventricular septal defects and transposition of greater arteries, respectively.

Conclusion: We reported a positive correlation between the arrhythmias and CHD. A larger number of studies collecting focusing on different age groups are therefore required to verify our findings.

Background: Lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, kidneys and pancreas causes cell dysfunction, death and inflammation, a biological phenomenon named lipotoxicity. Erythrocytes participate in the transport of lipids in the circulation, and their lipidome is determined by exchange with blood components.

Objective: The objective of this study is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effect of toxic lipid accumulation in erythrocytes.

Results: Erythrocyte lipidome is altered in lipotoxic diseases, such as fatty liver disease, heart failure and diabetes. In addition, ceramide, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidic acid, palmitic acid and free cholesterol induce erythrocyte malfunction.

Conclusion: Erythrocytes are an additional cell target of lipotoxicity. Further exploration of the implicated molecular mechanisms could lead to novel therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic and hematological diseases.

Aims: This work assessed the antihyperglycemic effect of Euphorbia guyoniana.

Background: Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) is widely used in traditional medicine.

Objective: This study was designed to confirm this traditional use by assessing its antihyperglycemic capacity in vivo.

Methods: The effect of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) (60 mg/kg) on glycemia in both normal and diabetic rats was evaluated. The glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus and soleus) was measured. Furthermore, liver histopathological analysis was performed.

Results: The findings showed that Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) exhibited a significant decrease in glycaemia in diabetic rats (from 20±2 mmol/l to 5.5 mmol/l after 6 hours of oral administration; p<0.0001 and from 20±2 mmol/l to 4.5 mmol/l after 7 days of once-daily repeated oral administration of the aqueous Euphorbia guyoniana extract; p<0.0001). In addition, the extract increased the glycogen content in the liver (41±4 mg/g versus 70±5 mg/g in normal and diabetic rats respectively) and extensor digitorum longus (39±4 mg/g versus 60±1 mg/g in normal and diabetic rats, respectively), and partially restored corporal weight in diabetic rats. Furthermore, this aqueous extract has been shown to suppress hyperglycemia induced by glucose load in treated diabetic rats. Additionally, hepatic histology in diabetic rats has been improved. This plant revealed the presence of several phytochemical constituents and possessed antioxidant activity.

Conclusion: The current study evidenced that Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) has a beneficial effect on improving hyperglycemia and glycogen depletion in the diabetic state.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS- CoV-2) is our latest pandemic and has turned out to be a global public health crisis. One of the special characteristics of this disease is that it may predispose patients to thrombotic disease both in the venous and arterial circulation. We review arterial and venous thromboembolic complications in patients with COVID-19, epidemiology, pathogenesis, hematologic biomarkers, and current antithrombotic strategies. Future perspectives and clinical trials are ongoing to determine the best thromboprophylaxis strategies in the hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, many novel drugs have been introduced to improve patients' conditions. Remdesivir and Favipiravir are among the most common drugs used against SARS-CoV-2. Although promising, cardiovascular side effects of these drugs should be considered by physicians and nurses. In this study, we searched databases for assessing the cardiovascular side effects of Remdesivir and Favipiravir. It seems that despite the beneficial effects of these drugs, due to the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 and cardiovascular side effects of these drugs, which can overlap with each other, the use of these drugs can be a challenging issue in the cardiovascular practice.

Background: Herbal drugs and their derived phytochemicals are valuable for human beings as a source of a vital component of food material and drugs. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phytochemicals produced in plants through metabolisms, and they have anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. Flavonoids have been identified in fruits, nuts, vegetables, seeds, stems, flowers, and tea. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoidal compound present in edible plants such as apples, broccoli, strawberries, beans, grapefruit, propolis, and medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Ginkgo biloba, Rosmarinus officinalis, Crocus sativus L., Hypericum perforatum L. Kaempferol have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, proapoptotic, cardio-protective and anti-cancer activities.

Methods: Glycosides of kaempferol such as kaempferitrin, also called kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside are known to be more abundant than their flavonoid monomers in plants. Various literature databases have been searched to collect all the scientific information of kaempferitrin in the present investigation and analyzed in order to know the therapeutic benefit and biological potential of kaempferitrin. Moreover, all the information has been presented here in two broad sections, i.e., pharmacological and analytical.

Results: From the analysis of all the collected and presented information, it was found that kaempferitrin has potent insulin-mimetic potential and could be used for the treatment of diabetes and related complications. However, it has also shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-osteoporotic, anti-depressant, anthelmintic, immunostimulatory, and natriuretic properties and inhibits cell proliferation and apoptosis. Kaempferitrin also improves the meat quality of broiler chickens.

Conclusion: The presented information in this work will be valuable to justify the biological importance and therapeutic potential of kaempferitrin in the scientific field.

Cardiovascular disease continues to rise at an alarming rate, and research focuses on possible therapies to reduce the risk and slow down its progression. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that dietary modifications, such as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables play an important role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Food sources rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties are thought to ameliorate the progression of cardiovascular disease and serve as a potential treatment mode. Many in vivo and in vitro studies using turmeric, cinnamon, mango, blueberries, red wine, chocolate, and extra virgin olive oil have demonstrated significant improvements in cholesterol profiles, toxic reactive oxygen species, inflammation, obesity, and hypertension. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the cardioprotective effect of different food groups, outline their potential mechanisms involved in slowing down the progression of cardiovascular disease, and highlight the beneficial effects associated with increased consumption.

Background: Congenital heart diseases are the most prevalent congenital abnormalities in the neonates, caused by environmental and genetic factors and contributing to the leading cause of death. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between neonates with large for gestational age and increased risk of congenital heart diseases among non-diabetic mothers.

Methods: In this study, 179 neonates with large gestational age in Khorramabad were enrolled where heart abnormalities were evaluated using echocardiography.

Results: 87 neonates had more than 4000 g of birth weight with no heart abnormalities and 92 (51%) macrosomic neonates had congenital heart diseases. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between birth weight and increased risk of acquiring congenital heart disease between the two groups. There was no significant relationship between birth weight, maternal age, gender, labor type and blood group between the two groups. The highest incidence of congenital heart anomalies was related to 38% of arterial septal defect (ASD) and 15.2% of ASD and VSD, respectively.

Conclusion: The most prevalent abnormality was arterial septal ASD. None of these abnormalities were associated with maternal age, birth weight and neonate gender. Future studies for congenital heart disease and neonatal birth weight are, therefore, recommended.

Background: There is inadequate information on the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients who are under rivaroxaban and warfarin therapy in Iran. Determining the risk of GI bleeding in patients receiving these two drugs can help to select a more appropriate anti-coagulation prophylaxis in high-risk patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of GI bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant bleeding risk factors receiving either warfarin or rivaroxaban.

Methods: In this observational study, 200 patients with AF and bleeding risk factors who referred to Imam Hossein Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were included. The patients were under treatment with either warfarin or rivaroxaban. The incidence of GI bleeding was compared between the two groups monthly for one year.

Results: GI bleedings were observed in 61% and 34% of patients treated with warfarin and rivaroxaban, respectively (P = 0.001).Melena was the most common type of GI bleeding in both groups. History of hypertension, history of stroke, consumption of anti-platelet drugs, NSAID consumption, and history of alcohol consumption were associated with more frequent GI bleeding only in warfarin group.

Conclusion: The incidence of GI bleeding was lower in AF patients who received rivaroxaban compared to those treated with warfarin. Also, GI bleeding risk does not change according to the consumption of other anti-coagulant drugs and underlying history of hypertension or stroke in patients received rivaroxaban. Therefore, rivaroxaban is suggested as the choice of prophylaxisin patients with AF and concomitant coagulopathy.

Background: Since long back, it has been a matter of discussion regarding the role of peripheral blood vessels in the regulation of cardiorespiratory (CVR) system.

Objective: The role of 5-HT3 and TRPV1 receptors present on perivascular nerves in elicitation of CVR reflexes was examined after intra-arterial instillation of bradykinin in urethane anesthetized rats.

Materials and methods: Femoral artery was cannulated retrogradely and was utilized for the instillation of saline/agonist/antagonist and recording of blood pressure (BP), using a double ported 24G cannula. BP, respiration and ECG were recorded for 30 min after bradykinin (1 μM) in the absence or presence of antagonists.

Results: Instillation of bradykinin produced immediate hypotensive (40%), bradycardiac (17%), tachypnoeic (45%) and hyperventilatory (96%) responses of shorter latencies (5-8 s) favoring the neural mechanisms in producing the responses. In lignocaine (2%) pretreated animals, bradykinin- induced hypotensive (10%), bradycardiac (1.7%), tachypnoeic (13%) and hyperventilatory (13%) responses attenuated significantly. Pretreatment with ondansetron (100 μg/kg), 5-HT3-antagonist attenuated the hypotensive (10%), bradycardiac (1.7%), tachypnoeic (11%) and hyperventilatory (11%) responses significantly. Pretreatment with capsazepine (1 mg/kg), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1- antagonist blocked the hypotensive (5%), bradycardiac (1.2%), tachypnoeic (6%) and hyperventilatory (6%) responses significantly.

Conclusion: In conclusion, presence of a nociceptive agent in the local segment of an artery evokes vasosensory reflex responses modulating CVR parameters involving TRPV1 and 5-HT3 receptors present on the perivascular sensory nerve terminals in anesthetized rats.