Canadian Psychiatric Association journal最新文献

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Chinese approach to mental health service. 中国精神卫生服务的方法

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300602

S M Leung, M H Miller, S W Leung

This paper reviews the health care approaches in the People's Republic of China where life style, political leadership, grass roots health programs and patriotic zeal are a unified endeavour. Certain assumptions underlying North American health practices come into particular focus. Specifically, the Chinese experiences raise doubt about the value of a professionally oriented emphasis in health care and deny the worth of health programs which are not woven into the social, economic, political and ethical activities of society. How effective can our free standing groups of health professionals be in practising prevention, in enlisting public involvement in their own health care and in helping to co-ordinate needed public, private and governmental joint endeavours required for the enhancement of people's health? The Chinese maintain that the key to all health and mental health care advances is social and economic reform, grass roots programs and most importantly, a self-reliance strategy with an intense personal motivation to produce change in one's way of life. Professional responsibility worthy of public trust would be achieved only insofar as professional efforts facilitate these three areas of development. Material for this presentation is drawn from a total of six recent visits to the People's Republic of China and from personal discussions with' representatives of several delegations of health leaders during their Vancouver visits. Programs in the Shanghai Mental Hospital are described along with some reference to an interview with Dr. George Hatem (Ma Hai Teh), the distinguished physician who directed the programs which resulted in the virtual eradication of veneral diseases.

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引用次数: 16

Life without eating or drinking: total parenteral nutrition outside hospital. 生活不吃不喝:医院外全肠外营养。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300604

K J MacRitchie

Total Parenteral Nutrition is no longer a short-term life-saving therapy, but can now provide an alternative permanent nutritional route following loss of small bowel function. Patients placed on t...

引用次数: 26

Paranoid psychosis with Ventolin (salbutamol tablets b.p.) 偏执型精神病伴文托林(沙丁胺醇片b.p)

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300622

I Ray, C J Evans

引用次数: 4

Memory and appreciation: Aldwyn B. Stokes 1906--1978. 记忆与欣赏:Aldwyn B. Stokes 1906—1978。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-10-01

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic trials in tardive dyskinesia. 迟发性运动障碍的治疗试验。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300610

A Villeneuve

The search for a treatment of tardive dyskinesia has generally been guided by the putative biochemical mechanisms underlying the extrapyramidal disorders, but no markedly effective treatment has yet been found. The currently postulated mechanism in tardive dyskinesia involves namely an imbalance between the central dopamine-acetylcholine systems whose balance may also be influenced by neuroendocrine factors. The agents reported having some clinical efficacy in the management of this neurological complication act on these systems. The clinical investigation for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia is laborious and raises several problems that could account for the unpredictability and the discrepancies in results. These problems can be divided into three broad categories: patient variables, experimental treatment variables and methodological variables. These variables are discussed and some suggestions made.

寻找治疗迟发性运动障碍的方法通常以锥体外系疾病的假定生化机制为指导，但尚未发现明显有效的治疗方法。目前推测迟发性运动障碍的机制涉及中枢多巴胺-乙酰胆碱系统之间的失衡，其平衡也可能受到神经内分泌因素的影响。据报道，这些药物对这些系统的神经系统并发症有一定的临床疗效。治疗迟发性运动障碍的临床研究是艰苦的，并提出了几个问题，可以解释结果的不可预测性和差异。这些问题可以分为三大类:患者变量、实验治疗变量和方法变量。对这些变量进行了讨论，并提出了一些建议。

引用次数: 7

Flight into femininity. The male menopause? 逃向女性化。男性更年期?

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300609

B W Steiner, J A Satterberg, C F Muir

This paper reports on an unusually interesting group of patients who were seen in the Gender Identity Clinic, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, during the first two years that it was clinically active. (September 1975 to August 31, 1977). The sample consists of 21 male patients, between the ages of 40 and 65, who diagnostically have been transvestites most of their lives. They present with the request for surgical sex reassignment. This request for surgery comes at a period of “middle-age crisis” in their lives. A comparison is made between these older male patients and 27 younger male patients seen in the Clinic who also requested surgery. The findings show that the older group tend to be younger at their age of initial cross-dressing, are more socially introverted than the younger transsexuals, and show greater scholastic ability. The most important finding is the predominantly strong heterosexual orientation in these older men when compared with younger gender disordered males. In certain respects these “older” men are rather typical of normal, heterosexual males. The authors speculate on the findings and suggest that this older male group who request surgical sex reassignment in their middle years, use the desire to “become a woman” as a defence mechanism against an underlying depression. Essentially they are going through the climacteric or “the male menopause”, and should be treated by individual and/or marital therapy (providing the spouse is still living with her husband) together with antidepressant medication, if necessary.

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引用次数: 9

Diagnosis of schizophrenia. 精神分裂症的诊断。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300503

R C Bland

Case records of ninety consecutive first lifetime admissions with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined for Schneiderian first rank symptoms, the Feighner diagnostic criteria, and the New Haven Schizophrenia Index. Diagnostic exclusion criteria were developed and applied. It is concluded that the hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia is likely to be too broad. Each diagnostic system can increase accuracy of diagnosis, but their exclusion criteria are too vague and the system would be improved by using those given here. Each diagnostic system selects similar groups of patients, and can be applied retrospectively to adequate case records.

对90例连续首次住院诊断为精神分裂症的病例记录进行了施耐德一级症状、费格纳诊断标准和纽黑文精神分裂症指数的检查。制定并应用了诊断排除标准。结论是医院对精神分裂症的诊断可能过于宽泛。每个诊断系统都可以提高诊断的准确性，但它们的排除标准过于模糊，使用这里给出的标准可以改进系统。每个诊断系统选择相似的患者组，并可以回顾性地应用于充分的病例记录。

引用次数: 28

University students, mental health and development. 大学生心理健康与发展。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300505

J H Gold

University students of the late 1960s and 1970s have been included in a study of factors affecting their mental health and academic functioning in many countries and cultures. Social change and intergenerational conflict were seen to be almost inseparable as social, economic and political concerns involve both students and their countries. Results of studies at Dalhousie University, six British universities, and the University of Singapore are examined in light of the socioeconomic problems existing at the time. High unemployment of university graduates, a growing factor in developing and developed nations, is pointed to as a major stress during a university education in the late 1970s.

在许多国家和文化中，20世纪60年代末和70年代的大学生被纳入了一项影响他们心理健康和学术功能的因素的研究。社会变革和代际冲突被认为是几乎不可分割的，因为社会、经济和政治问题涉及学生和他们的国家。根据当时存在的社会经济问题，对达尔豪斯大学、六所英国大学和新加坡大学的研究结果进行了审查。大学毕业生的高失业率，在发展中国家和发达国家都是一个日益增长的因素，被指出是20世纪70年代末大学教育的主要压力。

引用次数: 3

Ethics and psychiatry. 伦理学和精神病学。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300510

D Pivnicki

引用次数: 1

The "family" of psychiatry. 精神病学的“家族”。

Canadian Psychiatric Association journal

Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/070674377802300501

Q Rae-Grant

The relationship between child and adult psychiatry has been a chequered one. At times there seems to have been a drifting apart or indeed a deliberate distancing. Some of this could be attributed to different areas of emphasis and necessary differences in practice. Some has been influenced by different funding patterns and resources. Yet the commonalities of .mutual interest of the two groups have always predominated over the differences, and at this time a much closer relationship is developing. This is partly a result of changes in the whole practice of psychiatry .and on the social scene, and partly due to greater receptivity on both sides for a pooling of complementary resources and skills. In the area of teaching, considerable thought about increasing practice of joint teaching has developed over recent years, both in undergraduate and postgraduate areas, and has proved to be an enjoyable and profitable experience not only for students but for staff who simultaneously sharpen up areas of skills which may have become rusty from unuse or out-dated by recent developments. Joint teaching rounds have contributed a dimension of understanding that has lessened the distancing and indicated the value of collaboration. In adult psychiatry, the rapid advances in the pharmacotherapy of mental disorders have created an atmosphere of greater optimism, more rapid discharge of patients, and an increased component of outpatient therapy. While child psychiatry is less well served by the use of pharmacological approaches, advances are proceeding rapidly in this field as well. Indeed, the use of medication in the THE "FAMILY" OF PSYCHIATRY

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引用次数: 0

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