Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0222
Jean-François Rossi, Patrick Frayssinet, Maksim Matciyak, Nikolai Tupitsyn
Immune adjuvants are immune modulators that have been developed in the context of infectious vaccinations. There is currently a growing interest in immune adjuvants due to the development of immunotherapy against cancers. Immune adjuvant mechanisms of action are focused on the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response leading to the innate immune response, followed by the adaptive immune response. The main activity lies in the support of antigen presentation and the maturation and functions of dendritic cells. Most immune adjuvants are associated with a vaccine or incorporated into the new generation of mRNA vaccines. Few immune adjuvants are used as drugs. Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics and azoximer bromide (AZB) are overlooked molecules that were used in early clinical trials, which demonstrated clinical efficacy and excellent tolerance profiles. HA combined in an autologous vaccine was previously developed in the veterinary field for use in canine spontaneous lymphomas. AZB, an original immune modulator derived from a class of heterochain aliphatic polyamines that is licensed in Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Slovakia for infectious and inflammatory diseases, is and now being developed for use in cancer with promising results. These two immune adjuvants can be combined in various immunotherapy strategies.
免疫佐剂是在传染病疫苗接种背景下开发的免疫调节剂。目前，由于癌症免疫疗法的发展，人们对免疫佐剂的兴趣与日俱增。免疫佐剂的作用机制主要是启动和扩大炎症反应，导致先天性免疫反应，然后是适应性免疫反应。其主要作用在于支持抗原递呈以及树突状细胞的成熟和功能。大多数免疫佐剂都与疫苗相关联，或被纳入新一代 mRNA 疫苗中。很少有免疫佐剂被用作药物。羟基磷灰石（HA）陶瓷和偶氮二聚体溴化物（AZB）是被忽视的分子，它们在早期临床试验中被使用，显示出临床疗效和良好的耐受性。自体疫苗中的 HA 组合以前曾在兽医领域开发用于犬自发性淋巴瘤。AZB 是一种原创的免疫调节剂，源自一类杂链脂肪族多胺，已在俄罗斯、独立国家联合体和斯洛伐克获得治疗感染性和炎症性疾病的许可，目前正在开发用于癌症的治疗，并取得了可喜的成果。这两种免疫佐剂可以在各种免疫疗法策略中结合使用。
{"title":"Azoximer bromide and hydroxyapatite: promising immune adjuvants in cancer.","authors":"Jean-François Rossi, Patrick Frayssinet, Maksim Matciyak, Nikolai Tupitsyn","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0222","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune adjuvants are immune modulators that have been developed in the context of infectious vaccinations. There is currently a growing interest in immune adjuvants due to the development of immunotherapy against cancers. Immune adjuvant mechanisms of action are focused on the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response leading to the innate immune response, followed by the adaptive immune response. The main activity lies in the support of antigen presentation and the maturation and functions of dendritic cells. Most immune adjuvants are associated with a vaccine or incorporated into the new generation of mRNA vaccines. Few immune adjuvants are used as drugs. Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics and azoximer bromide (AZB) are overlooked molecules that were used in early clinical trials, which demonstrated clinical efficacy and excellent tolerance profiles. HA combined in an autologous vaccine was previously developed in the veterinary field for use in canine spontaneous lymphomas. AZB, an original immune modulator derived from a class of heterochain aliphatic polyamines that is licensed in Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Slovakia for infectious and inflammatory diseases, is and now being developed for use in cancer with promising results. These two immune adjuvants can be combined in various immunotherapy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0473
Chunhua Song, Hanping Shi
{"title":"Diagnosis of malnutrition in cancer patients.","authors":"Chunhua Song, Hanping Shi","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0473","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0483
Yuqiu Xu, Yang Lv, Zhehui Zhu, Yijiao Chen, Peiwen Zhou, Lechi Ye, Wentao Tang, Jianmin Xu
{"title":"Precision medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastases.","authors":"Yuqiu Xu, Yang Lv, Zhehui Zhu, Yijiao Chen, Peiwen Zhou, Lechi Ye, Wentao Tang, Jianmin Xu","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0483","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0435
Liwei An, Yi Han, Shi Jiao, Zhaocai Zhou
{"title":"Road of no return - loss of TP53 paves a defined evolution path from gastric preneoplasia-to-cancer.","authors":"Liwei An, Yi Han, Shi Jiao, Zhaocai Zhou","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0435","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0490
Catalina Amador, Wing C Chan
{"title":"Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas in the new classification systems.","authors":"Catalina Amador, Wing C Chan","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0490","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Real-word data on long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in Chinese patients with prostate cancer are limited. This study aimed to determine the real-world effectiveness and safety of the LHRH agonist, goserelin, particularly the long-acting 10.8-mg depot formulation, and the follow-up patterns among Chinese prostate cancer patients.
Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study in hormone treatment-naïve patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who were prescribed goserelin 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks or 3.6-mg depot every 4 weeks with or without an anti-androgen. The patients had follow-up evaluations for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of goserelin in reducing serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The secondary outcomes included testosterone and PSA levels, attainment of chemical castration (serum testosterone <50 ng/dL), and goserelin safety. The exploratory outcome was the monitoring pattern for serum testosterone and PSA. All analyses were descriptive.
Results: Between September 2017 and December 2019, a total of 294 eligible patients received ≥ 1 dose of goserelin; 287 patients (97.6%) were treated with goserelin 10.8-mg depot. At week 24 ± 2, the changes from baseline [standard deviation (95% confidence interval)] in serum testosterone (n = 99) and PSA (n = 131) were -401.0 ng/dL [308.4 ng/dL (-462.5, -339.5 ng/dL)] and -35.4 ng/mL [104.4 ng/mL (-53.5, -17.4 ng/mL)], respectively. Of 112 evaluable patients, 100 (90.2%) achieved a serum testosterone level < 50 ng/dL. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and severe TEAEs occurred in 37.1% and 10.2% of patients, respectively. The mean testing frequency (standard deviation) was 1.6 (1.5) for testosterone and 2.2 (1.6) for PSA.
Conclusions: Goserelin 10.8-mg depot effectively achieved and maintained castration and was well-tolerated in Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.
{"title":"Real-world effectiveness and safety of goserelin 10.8-mg depot in Chinese patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.","authors":"Nanhui Chen, Zengjun Wang, Ming Chen, Qi Ma, Yi He, Yujie Wang, Xin Li, Mingxing Qiu, Lei Shi, Shaoxing Zhu, Qun Xie, Xiuheng Liu, Benkang Shi, Guowen Lin, Weizhong Yang, Yongbin Liao, Haibin Zhang, Shusheng Wang, Jiexian Li, Shaogang Wang, Lijun Dong, Hui Chen, Jiaju Lu, Yongyi Cheng, Xiaoping Zhang, Lulin Ma, Liqun Zhou, He Wang, Shen Li, Dingwei Ye","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0335","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Real-word data on long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in Chinese patients with prostate cancer are limited. This study aimed to determine the real-world effectiveness and safety of the LHRH agonist, goserelin, particularly the long-acting 10.8-mg depot formulation, and the follow-up patterns among Chinese prostate cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study in hormone treatment-naïve patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who were prescribed goserelin 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks or 3.6-mg depot every 4 weeks with or without an anti-androgen. The patients had follow-up evaluations for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of goserelin in reducing serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The secondary outcomes included testosterone and PSA levels, attainment of chemical castration (serum testosterone <50 ng/dL), and goserelin safety. The exploratory outcome was the monitoring pattern for serum testosterone and PSA. All analyses were descriptive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between September 2017 and December 2019, a total of 294 eligible patients received ≥ 1 dose of goserelin; 287 patients (97.6%) were treated with goserelin 10.8-mg depot. At week 24 ± 2, the changes from baseline [standard deviation (95% confidence interval)] in serum testosterone (<i>n</i> = 99) and PSA (<i>n</i> = 131) were -401.0 ng/dL [308.4 ng/dL (-462.5, -339.5 ng/dL)] and -35.4 ng/mL [104.4 ng/mL (-53.5, -17.4 ng/mL)], respectively. Of 112 evaluable patients, 100 (90.2%) achieved a serum testosterone level < 50 ng/dL. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and severe TEAEs occurred in 37.1% and 10.2% of patients, respectively. The mean testing frequency (standard deviation) was 1.6 (1.5) for testosterone and 2.2 (1.6) for PSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Goserelin 10.8-mg depot effectively achieved and maintained castration and was well-tolerated in Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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