Case Reports in Ophthalmology最新文献

Introduction: Low gestational birth weight is associated with increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In recent years, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become more prevalent for ROP. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness following anti-VEGF injection, recurrence of ROP has been reported. A standardized treatment protocol for recurrent ROP following anti-VEGF monotherapy is still lacking, particularly for extremely low birth weight infants. This study reviews possible treatments for recurrent ROP and associated challenges.

Case presentation: We report a very low birth weight infant (500 g) with a recurrence of ROP after the initial intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection, who was successfully treated with a repeat injection at a later date. No retinal detachment or recurrence was observed after a long-term follow-up of 36 months.

Conclusion: This case report highlights the complexity of managing ROP, particularly for recurrent ROP in very low birth weight infants. Premature infants with extremely low birth weight may benefit from a repeat injection of anti-VEGF after the initial IVB to treat the recurrence.

Introduction: The NewColorIris and BrightOcular implants were initially developed to address congenital iris defects. However, they found application for cosmetic purposes. Unfortunately, these implants are frequently linked to severe complications, including glaucoma, endothelial dysfunction, cataract development, and iris abnormalities. In this context, we present an unusual complication that manifested long after the implantation of the BrightOcular artificial iris.

Case presentation: A 28-year-old woman presented to our emergency room with blurred vision in both eyes. She had undergone bilateral cosmetic iris implantation (BrightOcular, Stellar Devices, New York, NY, USA) 6 years earlier in Tunisia. At the first examination, her best corrected visual acuity was hand motion in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 45 mm Hg and 30 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the maximum-tolerated glaucoma medical treatment, the elevated IOP persisted, leading to the decision to perform bilateral sequential Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device implantation. However, she subsequently developed combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in the right eye and hypotensive maculopathy in the left eye; the latter resolving within 1 month. Two months post-surgery, extensive neovascularization above the implant of the right eye was observed, and this was successfully treated with three sequential injections of bevacizumab.

Conclusion: Cosmetic iris implantation is associated with severe, sight-threatening complications. Herein, we describe a previously unreported case of angle neovascularization with new vessels growing over the artificial iris implant. The condition regressed after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections.

Introduction: Eyelid ulceration can result from malignancy, trauma, infection, or inflammation. Immunosuppressed patients, such as those on methotrexate (MTX) therapy, are at higher risk for opportunistic infections like Purpureocillium lilacinum and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated mucocutaneous ulcers (EBVMCU). We report a rare case of eyelid ulceration due to concurrent EBVMCU and P. lilacinum infection.

Case presentation: An 82-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis on chronic MTX therapy presented with a 6-month history of an ulcerated left upper eyelid lesion. Cultures confirmed P. lilacinum, and histopathology revealed EBV-positive atypical B cells. The ulcer resolved after discontinuing MTX and treating with oral voriconazole.

Conclusion: This case highlights the need to consider both fungal and viral infections in immunosuppressed patients with unusual eyelid lesions. Correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment led to a successful outcome in this patient.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare form of neutrophilic dermatosis, with ocular involvement being atypical. We present a rare case of ulcerative colitis (UC) complicated by nodular scleritis and pyoderma gangrenosum, both occurring almost simultaneously.

Case presentation: A 55-year-old man with active UC initially presented to our hospital with anterior diffuse scleritis and a peripheral corneal ulcer in his left eye. The condition rapidly progressed to bilateral nodular scleritis. Concurrently, multiple painful abscesses developed on his trunk and head. A skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. Laboratory tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates, along with the increased proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA). A comprehensive systemic evaluation ruled out vasculitis, and an elevated PR3-ANCA level was attributed to active UC. After excluding other potential causes of scleritis, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral nodular scleritis and pyoderma gangrenosum associated with active UC. As the scleritis did not respond to 0.1% betamethasone eye drops and prednisolone ophthalmic ointment, oral glucocorticoids were initiated, leading to significant improvement in skin and ocular inflammation as well as clinical remission of UC.

Conclusions: UC and pyoderma gangrenosum are rare causes of nodular scleritis. This rare case underscores the importance of reviewing a patient's systemic disease history and recognizing systemic symptoms to identify the underlying cause of scleritis and initiate appropriate treatment in a timely manner.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to report successful management of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in a patient with a complex ophthalmic history using intracameral povidone-iodine (PI).

Case presentation: A 59-year-old male with a history of cataract surgery and multiple retinal detachment repairs presented with acute left eye pain, chemosis, redness, and vision loss. Diagnosis of exogenous endophthalmitis was made. The patient had anterior chamber washout, along with aqueous and vitreous tapping with intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime, and intravenous ciprofloxacin. Since infection persisted despite antibiotic therapies, a repeated anterior chamber washout followed by intracameral injection of PI 0.1% was done. Vision improved to 6/60 with no bacterial regrowth or inflammatory membranes on discharge and follow-up.

Conclusions: Intracameral PI may offer a solution for endophthalmitis cases where standard antibiotics are ineffective. This case supports the potential role of PI in managing resistant intraocular infections.

Introduction: The co-occurrence of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) presents a significant clinical challenge due to their complex interactions and potential for profound visual impairment. This case report details a rare instance of both conditions following blunt ocular trauma, aiming to enhance understanding of their interplay and the necessity for timely intervention.

Case report: A 45-year-old woman presented with sudden vision loss in her right eye 3 h after sustaining blunt trauma from a wood fragment while chopping firewood. Initial examination revealed no light perception (NLP) in the affected eye and a relative afferent pupillary defect. Imaging revealed hyperdensity and thickening of the posterior sclera, the intraocular and anterior intraorbital optic nerve. Despite administration of intravenous steroids and a neurosurgical consultation for TON, retinal evaluation 1 day post-trauma revealed retinal edema, pallor, multiple vascular occlusions, and a cherry-red spot, leading to a diagnosis of CRAO associated with TON. Ongoing follow-ups showed persistent NLP in the right eye.

Conclusion: This case underscores the potential for concurrent TON and CRAO following ocular trauma, leading to a complex visual outcome, while also examining the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to this phenomenon. The report highlights the need for further investigation into effective therapeutic strategies and underscores the complexities involved in managing traumatic ocular conditions. Future studies should focus on optimizing medical or surgical interventions to improve visual outcomes for patients facing this challenging combination of injuries.

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17q11.2. The main ocular manifestations include Lisch nodules, optic pathway gliomas, and plexiform neurofibromas, all of which can potentially impair visual function. Despite the numerous documented ocular manifestations of NF1, congenital aniridia has never been previously reported. Aniridia is a rare congenital disorder primarily associated with mutations in the PAX6 gene, leading to iris hypoplasia, corneal pannus, cataracts, and glaucoma. PAX6-negative aniridia has been described in some cases, suggesting alternative genetic mechanisms. Additionally, a minority of patients with aniridia exhibit ptosis. We present a unique case of a 50-year-old woman with NF1, exhibiting bilateral congenital aniridia and ptosis, without PAX6 mutations.

Case presentation: A 50-year-old woman diagnosed with NF1 presented with bilateral congenital ptosis and aniridia. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of the NF1 c.4537C>T variant but was negative for PAX6 mutations. Ophthalmological examination revealed total aniridia, cataract, ptosis, and pendular nystagmus. The patient underwent levator muscle resection for ptosis correction and cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens with an iris prosthesis. Histopathological analysis of the levator muscle showed atrophic changes in the absence of neurofibromatous infiltration.

Conclusion: This case represents the first documented instance of bilateral congenital aniridia in a patient with NF1. The absence of PAX6 mutations suggests an alternative genetic mechanism or a novel NF1 phenotype. This highlights the importance of thorough ophthalmologic and genetic evaluation in NF1 patients, integrating a multidisciplinary approach to identify atypical phenotypic associations and ensure optimal management.

Introduction: For cases of culture-negative endophthalmitis, 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (16S RNA) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may offer greater diagnostic yield than traditional microbial cultures. Our case presents an unusual clinical course, which supports the use of 16S RNA RT-PCR, even after negative microbial cultures, to secure a pathogenic diagnosis.

Case presentation: A 49-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented with fever and cough, accompanied by acute bilateral vision reduction, photophobia, and eye pain. Clinically, his examination showed severe panuveitis in both eyes. Investigations showed elevated white blood cells, C-reactive protein, cluster of differentiation 4 count of 180/μL, HIV viral load of <40 copies/mL, and unexpectedly, aqueous and blood cultures were negative. An autoimmune workup was also negative. Given this, intravitreal antibiotics were administered alongside systemic antibiotics. Subsequent chest computed tomography showed pulmonary cavitations and liver lesions, and despite negative culture results, a 16S rRNA RT-PCR of the aqueous humor detected Klebsiella pneumoniae genetic material. The patient completed 6 weeks of ceftriaxone and multiple bilateral vitrectomies for recurrent retinal detachments, likely due to retinal necrosis.

Conclusion: Clinicians may consider alternative etiologies after a negative microbial culture. This teaching case supports the use of 16S RT-PCR to more rigorously rule out infectious causes of panuveitis, especially in immunocompromised patients, to avoid premature consideration of other differential diagnoses.

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness. When diagnosed before 18, it is termed juvenile MG. Ocular symptoms are more common in children than adults. Diagnosis of ocular MG involves tests like the ice pack test, while treatment includes cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteroids.

Case presentation: We present a case of a 3-year-old girl who had a 2-month history of progressive weakness of both eyelids, but no other body weakness reported. She was diagnosed with ocular MG after a positive ice pack test and detection of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors. She was started on pyridostigmine and later added cyclosporine, and her symptoms improved greatly afterward.

Conclusion: Ocular MG is rare. This case report highlights the challenges of diagnosing and managing ocular MG in low-resource settings, stressing the need for early recognition and treatment.

Introduction: The purpose of this report was to highlight the clinical phenotype and imaging findings in a patient with an exclusively macular phenotype of non-syndromic MFSD8-related disease and to provide clinical evidence for pathogenicity reclassification of a variant of uncertain significance MFSD8 c.291G>C (p.Trp97Cys).

Case presentation: A 47-year-old male with progressive vision loss exhibited symptoms indicative of maculopathy. These included decreased central vision, visual distortions, photophobia, poor depth perception, glare, impaired dark/light adaptation, difficulty reading, depressed multifocal ERG responses, and central ellipsoid dropout on SD-OCT. Evaluation included genetic testing, segregation analysis, and a complete ophthalmic examination, including slit-lamp exam, dilated fundus exam, FAF, SD-OCT, ERG, and Humphrey 24-2 visual fields. A 351 gene retinal dystrophy panel revealed two variants in MFSD8, including one pathogenic variant (c.1006G>C, p.Glu336Gln) and one likely pathogenic variant (c.291G>C, p.Trp97Cys), confirmed to be in trans via segregation testing.

Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of genetic testing in confirming variant inheritance and describes the clinical phenotype associated with MFSD8 c.291G>C (p.Trp97Cys). The variant contributes to a pathological non-syndromic phenotype when in trans with a pathogenic variant. Given the syndromic variants of MFSD8, patients with this specific variant in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state should be closely monitored for clinical manifestations associated with this condition. Genetic counseling should be recommended for affected individuals and their close relatives to provide informed guidance regarding prognosis, reproductive risks, and available support resources.