Zinc oxide is used as a white pigment in cosmetics, but has the disadvantage of having photocatalytic activity. A certain amount of sebum on the skin is decomposed by ultraviolet rays in sunlight due to the photocatalytic activity of this cosmetic, causing damage to the skin. In this study, a new white pigment for cosmetics was prepared by shaking a mixture of zinc oxide and various condensed phosphate solutions or condensed phosphoric acid to react the surface of zinc oxide to phosphate. The chemical composition, particle size distribution, photocatalytic activity, hue, and smoothness of the resulting powder materials were examined. The condensed phosphoric acid treatment caused some of the zinc oxide to react with the zinc phosphate. The reaction was relatively advanced in the samples prepared in a protonated solution. Most of the sample powders were of a size suitable for white pigments for cosmetics. The condensed phosphoric acid treatment suppressed the photocatalytic activity of the zinc oxide. The obtained samples had sufficiently high reflectance in the visible light range. Judging from the particle size and the photocatalytic activity, the sample prepared with polyphosphoric acid is most suitable as a white pigment for cosmetics.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL COSMETIC WHITE PIGMENT BY CONDENSED PHOSPHORIC ACID TREATMENT OF ZINC OXIDE","authors":"H. Onoda","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide is used as a white pigment in cosmetics, but has the disadvantage of having photocatalytic activity. A certain amount of sebum on the skin is decomposed by ultraviolet rays in sunlight due to the photocatalytic activity of this cosmetic, causing damage to the skin. In this study, a new white pigment for cosmetics was prepared by shaking a mixture of zinc oxide and various condensed phosphate solutions or condensed phosphoric acid to react the surface of zinc oxide to phosphate. The chemical composition, particle size distribution, photocatalytic activity, hue, and smoothness of the resulting powder materials were examined. The condensed phosphoric acid treatment caused some of the zinc oxide to react with the zinc phosphate. The reaction was relatively advanced in the samples prepared in a protonated solution. Most of the sample powders were of a size suitable for white pigments for cosmetics. The condensed phosphoric acid treatment suppressed the photocatalytic activity of the zinc oxide. The obtained samples had sufficiently high reflectance in the visible light range. Judging from the particle size and the photocatalytic activity, the sample prepared with polyphosphoric acid is most suitable as a white pigment for cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83502123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IN VITRO HYDROXYAPATITE FORMING ABILITY OF DICALCIUM SILICATE PREPARED FROM LOCAL RAW MATERIALS AND SINTERED AT 1050 ° C","authors":"Sihem Chehlatt","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT BLEACHING TECHNIQUES ON THE MICROHARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF TWO BULK-FILL COMPOSITE MATERIALS: AN IN VITRO STUDY","authors":"A. Alayad","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87513940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF WATER ON METAKAOLIN PHOSPHATE-BASED GEOPOLYMER PROPERTIES","authors":"Qingbo Tian","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74067466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECTS OF BORIC ACID DOSAGE AND REACTION TEMPERATURE ON THE PHASE COMPOSITION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Si C-B₄C COMPOSITE POWDERS SYNTHESISED BY THE CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION METHOD","authors":"Jin He","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78574493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECT OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE INERT GAS ATMOSPHERE ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF ADVANCED REFRACTORY MATERIALS","authors":"J. Kočí","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87822610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fly ash and limestone powder are common admixtures in environmentally friendly concrete production. This paper proposes an optimal design method for low-carbon concrete containing fly ash and limestone powder. This design method considers the influence of strength (30, 40, and 50 MPa) and carbonization service life (50 and 100 years). The genetic algorithm was utilized to determine the optimal global solution, which satisfies different constraints and can find the decisive factor of the concrete mixture design. The analytical results are as follows: When the carbonization service life is 50 years, for ordinary-strength concrete (30 MPa), carbonation durability is the decisive factor in the mixture design, while for medium-(40 MPa) and high-strength (50 MPa) concrete, strength is the decisive factor. When the carbonation service life is 100 years, for ordinary- (30 MPa) and medium-strength (40 MPa) concrete, carbonation durability is the decisive factor for the mixture design, while for high-strength (50 MPa) concrete, compressive strength is the decisive factor. Furthermore, the CO2 emissions, compressive strength, and water–binder ratio of the optimized concrete design results are in line with the actual project, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"OPTIMAL DESIGN OF LOW-CARBON CONCRETE CONTAINING FLY ASH AND LIMESTONE POWDER","authors":"Xiao-Yong Wang","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Fly ash and limestone powder are common admixtures in environmentally friendly concrete production. This paper proposes an optimal design method for low-carbon concrete containing fly ash and limestone powder. This design method considers the influence of strength (30, 40, and 50 MPa) and carbonization service life (50 and 100 years). The genetic algorithm was utilized to determine the optimal global solution, which satisfies different constraints and can find the decisive factor of the concrete mixture design. The analytical results are as follows: When the carbonization service life is 50 years, for ordinary-strength concrete (30 MPa), carbonation durability is the decisive factor in the mixture design, while for medium-(40 MPa) and high-strength (50 MPa) concrete, strength is the decisive factor. When the carbonation service life is 100 years, for ordinary- (30 MPa) and medium-strength (40 MPa) concrete, carbonation durability is the decisive factor for the mixture design, while for high-strength (50 MPa) concrete, compressive strength is the decisive factor. Furthermore, the CO2 emissions, compressive strength, and water–binder ratio of the optimized concrete design results are in line with the actual project, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87813740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF POZZOLANIC WASTE OF DIFFERENT NATURE ON THE HYDRATION PRODUCTS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CEMENT PASTE","authors":"K. Barkauskas","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80622567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECT OF CRYSTALLISATION TEMPERATURE ON LAS TRANSPARENT GLASS-CERAMICS CONTAINING A HIGH Al₂O₃ CONTENT","authors":"M. Shi","doi":"10.13168/cs.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9857,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-silikaty","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78643072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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