Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.2
Saeid Taghavi Fardood, A. Ramazani, Farzaneh Moradnia, Z. Afshari, Sara Ganjkhanlu, F. Zare
In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were fabricated using Arabic gum as a reducing and stabilizing agent by the novel sol-gel method without adding any surfactants. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, ZnO nanoparticles as efficient catalysts were consumed for the three-component coupling of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and dimedone under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in order to furnish the corresponding synthesis of 12-aryl-tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthene-11-one derivatives in high yields.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles via Sol-gel Method and Investigation of Its Application in Solvent-free Synthesis of 12-Aryl-tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthene-11-one Derivatives Under Microwave Irradiation","authors":"Saeid Taghavi Fardood, A. Ramazani, Farzaneh Moradnia, Z. Afshari, Sara Ganjkhanlu, F. Zare","doi":"10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were fabricated using Arabic gum as a reducing and stabilizing agent by the novel sol-gel method without adding any surfactants. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, ZnO nanoparticles as efficient catalysts were consumed for the three-component coupling of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and dimedone under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in order to furnish the corresponding synthesis of 12-aryl-tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthene-11-one derivatives in high yields.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74054587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.5.5
Esmail Doustkhah, M. Heydarizadeh, Z. Fathi, H. Mohtasham, S. Rostamnia, Morteza Hasani
In the present paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied for extraction case from a buffer solution through a new version of modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposite. Post-modification of this magnetic chitosan led to conversion of amine groups to dithiocarbamate on the surface of chitosan which was wrapped to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Chitosan was converted to magnetic chitosan over co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under alkali conditions. Amines of chitosan were also converted to dithiocarbamate over the reaction of carbon disulfide. Study of the synthesized support in BSA extraction was achieved in further experiments.
{"title":"Dithiocarbamate Modified SPION-Chitosan Nanobiocomposite, a Promising Adsorbent for Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)","authors":"Esmail Doustkhah, M. Heydarizadeh, Z. Fathi, H. Mohtasham, S. Rostamnia, Morteza Hasani","doi":"10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied for extraction case from a buffer solution through a new version of modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposite. Post-modification of this magnetic chitosan led to conversion of amine groups to dithiocarbamate on the surface of chitosan which was wrapped to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Chitosan was converted to magnetic chitosan over co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under alkali conditions. Amines of chitosan were also converted to dithiocarbamate over the reaction of carbon disulfide. Study of the synthesized support in BSA extraction was achieved in further experiments.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76195435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.9
A. U. Santhoskumar, N. Chitra
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Isora fiber mixed with 1% ricinoleic acid as a reinforcement for polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic matrix. Isora fibers were subjected to mercerization prior to blending with PP in order to obtain good interfacial adhesion with the matrix. A PP/Isora composite has been prepared by melt blending of PP with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% alkali treated Isora fiber in co-rotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands are pelletized and then injection-moulded to obtain specimens. The optimum compositions of the PP/alkali treated Isora composites were mixed with 1% ricinoleic acid. Fiber-matrix adhesion will be analysed by mechanical and thermal properties of the composites which were evaluated.
{"title":"Studies on Isora Fibers Mixed with 1% Ricinoleic Acid Reinforced with Polypropylene","authors":"A. U. Santhoskumar, N. Chitra","doi":"10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Isora fiber mixed with 1% ricinoleic acid as a reinforcement for polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic matrix. Isora fibers were subjected to mercerization prior to blending with PP in order to obtain good interfacial adhesion with the matrix. A PP/Isora composite has been prepared by melt blending of PP with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% alkali treated Isora fiber in co-rotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands are pelletized and then injection-moulded to obtain specimens. The optimum compositions of the PP/alkali treated Isora composites were mixed with 1% ricinoleic acid. Fiber-matrix adhesion will be analysed by mechanical and thermal properties of the composites which were evaluated.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91051688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.8
Azadeh Nozarie
Metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe) (MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier) as recyclable and heterogeneous catalyst efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of 2-Aryl-1H-Benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes in solvent-free condition. This method provides benzimidazole in good to excellent yields with little catalyst loading. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily isolated by filtering and no obvious loss of activity was observed when the catalyst was reused in five consecutive runs.
金属有机骨架MIL-53(Fe) (MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier)作为可循环非均相催化剂，在无溶剂条件下高效催化邻苯二胺和醛类化合物合成2-芳基- 1h -苯并咪唑衍生物。该方法在催化剂负载少的情况下，苯并咪唑的收率很高。此外，催化剂可以很容易地通过过滤分离，并且在连续五次重复使用时没有观察到明显的活性损失。
{"title":"Metal-Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe) as a highly efficient reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole","authors":"Azadeh Nozarie","doi":"10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.8","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe) (MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier) as recyclable and heterogeneous catalyst efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of 2-Aryl-1H-Benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes in solvent-free condition. This method provides benzimidazole in good to excellent yields with little catalyst loading. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily isolated by filtering and no obvious loss of activity was observed when the catalyst was reused in five consecutive runs.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81014182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-26DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.1
M. Asif
The chemical substances in our environment are rising day by day. Only some of them are degraded, but most of them are non-degradable. These non-degradable substances produce pollutions which cause instability, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem as pollutions and create a risk to the environment. To reduce the possibility of a system we must reduce the risk not by altering the effect but by the cause. Thus, green chemistry (GC) concept was introduced, and it is a rapidly emerging field of chemistry. The GC is the design of chemical products and procedures that decrease or remove the use and production of harmful substances. In recent years, various heterocyclic compounds have appeared owing to the extensive varieties of their pharmacological activities. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound. It is a vital and advantaged structure in medicinal chemistry and plays a role with ample therapeutic activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer and antihistaminic. Because of its value, the processes for their synthesis have become a focus of synthetic chemists. Therefore, this review aims at compiling the chemistry of differently substituted benzimidazoles and some other methods. Conventional methods of synthesis need longer heating time, complicated and tedious apparatus set up which result in high cost and pollution in contrast to greener methods which are inexpensive.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: an Overview on Green Chemistry and Its Applications","authors":"M. Asif","doi":"10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2019.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical substances in our environment are rising day by day. Only some of them are degraded, but most of them are non-degradable. These non-degradable substances produce pollutions which cause instability, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem as pollutions and create a risk to the environment. To reduce the possibility of a system we must reduce the risk not by altering the effect but by the cause. Thus, green chemistry (GC) concept was introduced, and it is a rapidly emerging field of chemistry. The GC is the design of chemical products and procedures that decrease or remove the use and production of harmful substances. In recent years, various heterocyclic compounds have appeared owing to the extensive varieties of their pharmacological activities. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound. It is a vital and advantaged structure in medicinal chemistry and plays a role with ample therapeutic activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer and antihistaminic. Because of its value, the processes for their synthesis have become a focus of synthetic chemists. Therefore, this review aims at compiling the chemistry of differently substituted benzimidazoles and some other methods. Conventional methods of synthesis need longer heating time, complicated and tedious apparatus set up which result in high cost and pollution in contrast to greener methods which are inexpensive.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84504383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-02DOI: 10.22034/AJGC.2019.159847.1119
S. Umapathi, Jaya Chitra Natarajan
The novel bio-based additives in the present research were incorporated into LDPE, LDPE in about 5 wt% subsequently processed to produce films of 50μ thickness. The bio-based additive such as acrylic dextrose (2.5%) /ground nut surface powder (2.5 %) (ADGN) additives were successfully mixed and their performance on the photo and biodegradability of polyethylene films were studied under the influence of accelerated UV/sunlight. The percentage of biodegradation of the photodegraded film was analyzed by ASTMD 5338-98. The photodegraded film was subjected to biodegradation in the presence of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from a dump. The percentage of biodegradation is 32%.
{"title":"Improving degradation of polyethylene /acrylic dextrose with ground nut powder","authors":"S. Umapathi, Jaya Chitra Natarajan","doi":"10.22034/AJGC.2019.159847.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/AJGC.2019.159847.1119","url":null,"abstract":"The novel bio-based additives in the present research were incorporated into LDPE, LDPE in about 5 wt% subsequently processed to produce films of 50μ thickness. The bio-based additive such as acrylic dextrose (2.5%) /ground nut surface powder (2.5 %) (ADGN) additives were successfully mixed and their performance on the photo and biodegradability of polyethylene films were studied under the influence of accelerated UV/sunlight. The percentage of biodegradation of the photodegraded film was analyzed by ASTMD 5338-98. The photodegraded film was subjected to biodegradation in the presence of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from a dump. The percentage of biodegradation is 32%.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76224429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-29DOI: 10.22034/AJGC.2019.152832.1111
M. Nabati, Hossein Mohammadnejad-Mehrabani, Abdolnaser Tavakkoli, M. Mazidi, E. Lohrasbi, Afshar Gravand, Hamideh Sabahnoo
The present research exploration will contain studying the molecular structure, bonds nature, stability, reactivity and electronic properties of the title molecule.The molecular optimization and all theoretical computations were carried out by density functional theory (DFT) method using the hybrid B3LYP (Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) exchange-correlation functional employing the 6-31G(d,p) basis set of theory. Quantum-mechanical (QM) computations of the molecular structure geometry of the molecule under study were calculated with scaled quantum mechanics. The global reactivity descriptors like energy gap (Eg), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (S), electronegativity (χ), electronic chemical potential (µ) and electrophilicity index (ω) can be obtained from the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). The calculated global reactivity indices indicated that metoclopramide which was a stable small molecule can bind with the residues of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Molecular docking studies showed that the steric interactions of the ligand with the residues Phe 198, Phe 382, Ala 122, Thr 119, Ser 197, Trp 386, Phe 390, Val 115, Cys 118 and Asp 114 from the protein binding site are the main binding modes between the ligand and the receptor.
{"title":"In Silico Study of Metoclopramide as A Small Molecule of Dopamine D2 Receptor: a Quantum-Mechanical (QM) Based Molecular Docking Treatment","authors":"M. Nabati, Hossein Mohammadnejad-Mehrabani, Abdolnaser Tavakkoli, M. Mazidi, E. Lohrasbi, Afshar Gravand, Hamideh Sabahnoo","doi":"10.22034/AJGC.2019.152832.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/AJGC.2019.152832.1111","url":null,"abstract":"The present research exploration will contain studying the molecular structure, bonds nature, stability, reactivity and electronic properties of the title molecule.The molecular optimization and all theoretical computations were carried out by density functional theory (DFT) method using the hybrid B3LYP (Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) exchange-correlation functional employing the 6-31G(d,p) basis set of theory. Quantum-mechanical (QM) computations of the molecular structure geometry of the molecule under study were calculated with scaled quantum mechanics. The global reactivity descriptors like energy gap (Eg), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (S), electronegativity (χ), electronic chemical potential (µ) and electrophilicity index (ω) can be obtained from the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). The calculated global reactivity indices indicated that metoclopramide which was a stable small molecule can bind with the residues of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Molecular docking studies showed that the steric interactions of the ligand with the residues Phe 198, Phe 382, Ala 122, Thr 119, Ser 197, Trp 386, Phe 390, Val 115, Cys 118 and Asp 114 from the protein binding site are the main binding modes between the ligand and the receptor.","PeriodicalId":9896,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Methodologies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87021008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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