Chinese clinical oncology最新文献

Background: The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is central to homologous recombination (HR) repair and cell-cycle checkpoint control. Pathogenic ATM mutations are increasingly recognized in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and are associated with improved prognosis, with survival nearly twice that of ATM wild-type disease. DNA-damaging chemotherapy combined with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition is effective in other HR-deficient cancers, but data in mCRC are limited.

Case description: We describe four patients with mCRC harboring germline or somatic ATM mutations with high variant allele frequency (VAF). All demonstrated clinical and radiographic benefit from DNA-damaging chemotherapy, including platinum- and topoisomerase-based regimens, exceeding historical controls. In two patients, the addition of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) therapy was associated with sustained disease control. These cases illustrate the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting HR deficiency in ATM-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC).

Conclusions: This series underscores the sensitivity of ATM-mutated mCRC to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and highlights the potential role of PARPi. The therapeutic benefit of PARPi in these patients cannot be fully separated from concurrent chemotherapy, and the observed responses are likely to reflect combined effects. Nonetheless, these findings suggest potential synergy and warrant further investigation of PARP inhibition, alone or in combination, in biomarker-selected mCRC populations.

Background: In recent years, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been gradually emphasized in liver cancer interventional therapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the current research hotspots and developmental trends of TIME from the perspective of bibliometrics.

Methods: Publications related to interventional therapy, liver cancer, and TIME were searched on the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database for the years 2000-2024, and bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R "Bibliometrix".

Results: A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the TIME in liver cancer interventional therapy using data from 2000-2024. The study included 277 articles from 21 regions/countries, with China and the USA leading. The number of articles is increasing annually. Fudan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology are major research institutions. The Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma is the most popular journal, while Hepatology is the most cited. Zheng Chuansheng published the most papers, and Llovet was the most co-cited. Research topics include the mechanism of the TIME in interventional therapy and novel therapies. Emerging hotspots are "Immunotargeted inhibition", "tumor microenvironment", and "immunotherapy".

Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study in this field, providing insights into research trends and new directions.

Background: Primary liver cancer constitutes a significant public health issue in China. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the primary etiological agent of liver cancer, whereas the role of metabolic liver diseases, particularly non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is escalating. It is imperative to examine the temporal progression of liver cancer etiology to establish a scientifically grounded framework for developing targeted prevention and control strategies tailored to China's national context. This study aims to utilize the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to systematically evaluate the temporal trends in the liver cancer disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021, analyze the changing contributions of different etiologies [including HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and NASH], assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, and predict future trends, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies tailored to China's national context.

Methods: This study performed long-term, large-scale time-series trend comparisons of liver cancer burden in China from 1990 to 2021, focusing on five primary etiologies (HBV, HCV, alcohol consumption, NASH, and other causes) using the GBD 2021 database. The Joinpoint regression model identified trend inflection points, while the age-period-cohort (APC) model elucidated the determinants of disease burden. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI) assessed the correlation between various disease burden indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) models were employed for future burden projections.

Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of liver cancer in China experienced a modest decline [estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) =-0.31], while the total number of cases escalated significantly (+103.91%), with aging contributing to a 141.91% rise in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The incidence of HBV-associated liver cancer diminished dramatically (ASIR EAPC =-0.55), whereas NASH-associated liver cancer escalated rapidly (ASIR EAPC =0.73). China, categorized as a medium-to-high SDI region, exhibits a greater incidence of liver cancer and various etiologies of the disease compared to other regions with equivalent SDI levels. Future forecasts indicate that liver cancer connected with alcohol consumption and NASH may persist in increasing.

Conclusions: The prevention and management of HBV infection in China have been efficient; however, the prevalence of metabolic illnesses in the etiology of liver cancer has escalated, and aging alongside population expansion has positively contributed to the increasing burden of liver cancer.

Background: Cardiac markers are important in the diagnosis of heart and coronary insufficiency, it is through them that they can measure the damage to cardiac fibers resulting from these diseases. Recent research has shown that the levels of biomarkers are altered who have neoplasms under chemotherapy treatment without these patients having any clinical manifestations. The research was to conduct a systematic review of the main cardiac biomolecular markers in scientific publications bases and to verify how their levels present in individuals with breast cancer, as well as to analyze the influence of antineoplastic treatment in the circular levels of these markers resulting from the effects of cardiac damage on patient therapy and which are good predictors of cardiovascular diseases related to chemotherapy treatment.

Methods: Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane and in these databases, systematic searches of publications were carried out between the years 2010 and 2020 using the descriptors "Mesh" or the equivalent in the chosen database. Studies that evaluated the following cardiac biomarkers: troponin, pro-type B natriuretic peptide (proBNP)/N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB fraction, fibrinogen, and D-dimer.

Results: At the end, 31 published articles were obtained for analysis in which cardiac markers ultra-sensitive troponin I and T, myoglobin, and NT-proBNP showed to be the best predictors of cardiotoxicity for breast cancer patient under chemotherapy.

Conclusions: The ultra-sensitive cardiac markers troponin I and T, NT-proBNP and myoglobin, were the ones that provided the best biomarkers in detecting cardiotoxicity, requiring continuous research and research for cardiotoxic biomarkers.