Wiley最新文献

Serum sickness is rare; however, there is a significant hypersensitivity reaction to streptokinase used in different cardiac problems. Treatment often involves discontinuing the offending agent and administering corticosteroids. This case underscores the complexities of managing prosthetic valve thrombosis and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing complications of thrombolytic therapy.

Familial multiple lipomatosis (FML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the progressive development of encapsulated nodules predominantly on the trunk and extremities. Its genetic basis is linked to HMGA-2 gene over-expression. The condition is diagnosed via clinical history, ultrasound findings, and histological studies, and management mainly comprises surgical excision. This case report highlights the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and management of FML in a 38-year-old male.

In recent years, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has emerged as a powerful method for the straightforward synthesis of polymer nanoparticles. In this study, we describe for the first time the synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles by dispersion cationic ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly (CROPISA) in n-dodecane. Specifically, a n-dodecane-soluble aliphatic poly(2-(3-ethylheptyl)-2-oxazoline) (PEHOx) block was chain-extended with poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (PPhOx). While the PhOx monomer is soluble in n-dodecane, its polymerization leads to n-dodecane-insoluble PPhOx, which leads to in situ self-assembly of the formed PEHOx-b-PPhOx copolymers. The polymerization kinetics and micellization upon second block formation were studied, and diverse nanoparticle dispersions were prepared, featuring varying block lengths and polymer concentrations, leading to dispersions with distinctive morphologies and physical properties. Finally, we developed a single-step protocol for the synthesis of polymer nanoparticles directly from monomers via gradient copolymerization CROPISA, which exploits the significantly greater reactivity of EHOx compared to that of PhOx during the statistical copolymerization of both monomers. Notably, this approach provides access to formulations with monomer compositions otherwise unattainable through the block copolymerization method. Given the synthetic versatility and application potential of poly(2-oxazolines), the developed CROPISA method can pave the way for advanced nanomaterials with favorable properties.

Background: Chaetanaphothrips orchidii is an invasive thrips of tropical origin that was detected in 2016 in Spanish citrus, where it can damage up to 70% of the fruit. Pupation site and emergence rates are key biological traits for thrips management that are unknown for C. orchidii. Here, we determined the pupation site and period of C. orchidii in citrus and evaluated the effect of soil moisture on adult emergence.

Results: A two-year field study showed that C. orchidii pupated in the soil from May to December in commercial citrus orchards. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii emergence was very low compared to other harmful thrips species in citrus. Using D/E traps, we demonstrated that the thrips emerged mainly from wet areas near drip irrigation emitters during the summer, and its emergence was strongly related to the soil water content. A laboratory experiment confirmed that C. orchidii did not emerge at RH below 70%, and its emergence peaked at 97% RH.

Conclusions: Our results have important implications for the sustainable management of C. orchidii because soil moisture is very low in Mediterranean citrus during summer, except in areas near drip irrigation emitters. Therefore, these and other potential high-humidity areas should be considered crucial targets to manage this pest in citrus during summer, reducing cost and labor. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

"The most exciting thing about my research is the vast amount of genetic information available in public databases whose biocatalytic potential remains untapped… If I won a million dollars in the lottery I would pay my team what they deserve, while focusing more on science and less on fundraising…" Find out more about Graeme Howe in his Introducing… Profile.

To better understand linkages between hydrology and ecosystem carbon flux in northern aquatic ecosystems, we evaluated the relationship between plant communities, biofilm development, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) exchange following long-term changes in hydrology in an Alaskan fen. We quantified seasonal variation in biofilm composition and CO₂ exchange in response to lowered and raised water table position (relative to a control) during years with varying levels of background dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We then used nutrient-diffusing substrates (NDS) to evaluate cause–effect relationships between changes in plant subsidies (i.e., leachates) and biofilm composition among water table treatments. We found that background DOC concentration determined whether plant subsidies promoted net autotrophy or heterotrophy on NDS. In conditions where background DOC was ≤ 40 mg L⁻¹, plant subsidies promoted an autotrophic biofilm. Conversely, when background DOC concentration was ≥ 50 mg L⁻¹, plant subsidies promoted heterotrophy. Greater light attenuation associated with elevated levels of DOC may have overwhelmed the stimulatory effect of nutrients on autotrophic microbes by constraining photosynthesis while simultaneously allowing heterotrophs to outcompete autotrophs for available nutrients. At the ecosystem level, conditions that favored an autotrophic biofilm resulted in net CO₂ uptake among all water table treatments, whereas the site was a net source of CO₂ to the atmosphere in conditions that supported greater heterotrophy. Taken together, these findings show that hydrologic history interacts with changes in dominant plant functional groups to alter biofilm composition, which has consequences for ecosystem CO₂ exchange.

In this study, CeO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method using gelatine templates. The prepared CeO₂ analyzed by analytical techniques displayed the fluorite structure with uniform sizes of 10–25 nm, a BET-specific surface area of 65.8 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.144 cm³/g, and the existence of oxygen vacancies, suggesting their compatibility for adsorption removal of pollutants. The adsorption of arsenate and fluoride on CeO₂ exhibited the maximal adsorption capacity of 224 and 64 mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of the adsorption fitted the pseudo-second-order model perfectly. Compared to fluoride, the adsorption of arsenate was found kinetically more but thermodynamically less favored. It can lie on the more stable complexes formed between arsenate and the prepared CeO₂, the larger size of arsenate ions, and the mesoporosity of the prepared CeO₂. As a result, the pore of the prepared CeO₂ is filled quickly with arsenate ions, becoming full after a specific time that prevents the filling of further arsenate ions. Moreover, the CeO₂ adsorbent demonstrated its high reusability up to 9 times without losing remarkable adsorption capacity (≤10%). Overall, the prepared CeO₂ can be applied for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater in several regions of Vietnam.

A new and convenient Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of N-unsubstituted pyrazoles with Se powder and aryl iodides has been established. The protocol presents a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high regioselectivity. The utility of this procedure is further established by gram-scale synthesis as well as the diversified transformations of 4-organylselanyl-1H-pyrazoles to useful compounds.