In practical terms, ventilation of critically ill patients should be established in the following way:
• Setting a level of PEEP that is adequate to keep the alveoli open (above the lower inflection point; Fig. 3)
• Ensuring that the maximum inspiratory pressure does not exceed 30 cmH2O (the upper inflection point), even if this results in small tidal volumes and permissive hypercapnia
• Ensuring that expiratory time is adequate to prevent gas trapping and intrinsic PEEP, by checking that the end‐expiratory flow returns to zero on the waveforms
• Accepting a PaO2 of 60 mmHg (8 kPa) when setting inspired oxygen.
{"title":"Current modes of conventional ventilation in intensive care","authors":"Edwards Steve M , Matthews Peter C","doi":"10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.41","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In practical terms, ventilation of critically ill patients should be established in the following way:</p><p>• Setting a level of PEEP that is adequate to keep the alveoli open (above the lower inflection point; Fig. 3)</p><p>• Ensuring that the maximum inspiratory pressure does not exceed 30 cmH<sub>2</sub>O (the upper inflection point), even if this results in small tidal volumes and permissive hypercapnia</p><p>• Ensuring that expiratory time is adequate to prevent gas trapping and intrinsic PEEP, by checking that the end‐expiratory flow returns to zero on the waveforms</p><p>• Accepting a PaO<sub>2</sub> of 60 mmHg (8 kPa) when setting inspired oxygen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100188,"journal":{"name":"BJA CEPD Reviews","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80788219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brachial plexus block is an excellent alternative to general anaesthesia for a wide variety of upper limb procedures and a useful analgesic component for some of the other more major elective and emergency procedures. The vast majority of orthopaedic, plastic and vascular operations can be carried out safely using one of 2 blocks, i.e. the axillary or interscalene, allowing skill and experience to be concentrated. These blocks provide efficacy with fewest significant adverse effects and their reliable performance can best be achieved using the peripheral nerve stimulator. By combining ease of performance with efficacy, it is hoped that many more practitioners will consider using these techniques in routine clinical practice.
{"title":"Brachial plexus blockade","authors":"Al‐Haddad MF , Coventry DM","doi":"10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.33","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brachial plexus block is an excellent alternative to general anaesthesia for a wide variety of upper limb procedures and a useful analgesic component for some of the other more major elective and emergency procedures. The vast majority of orthopaedic, plastic and vascular operations can be carried out safely using one of 2 blocks, <em>i.e.</em> the axillary or interscalene, allowing skill and experience to be concentrated. These blocks provide efficacy with fewest significant adverse effects and their reliable performance can best be achieved using the peripheral nerve stimulator. By combining ease of performance with efficacy, it is hoped that many more practitioners will consider using these techniques in routine clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100188,"journal":{"name":"BJA CEPD Reviews","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137009490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The first year of BJA CEPD Reviews","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/bjacepd/2.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjacepd/2.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100188,"journal":{"name":"BJA CEPD Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/bjacepd/2.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92137364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An introduction to total intravenous anaesthesia","authors":"Yuill Gordon , Simpson Milda","doi":"10.1093/bjacepd/2.1.24","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjacepd/2.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100188,"journal":{"name":"BJA CEPD Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 24-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/bjacepd/2.1.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73081379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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