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Multiple Choice Answers 选择题答案
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.3.94
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引用次数: 0
Anaesthesia for a patient with a cardiac transplant 心脏移植病人的麻醉
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/BJACEPD/2.3.74
N. Morgan-Hughes, G. Hood
74 Cardiac transplantation has evolved over the last three decades from a procedure with a 1year survival of 20% to an established treatment for end-stage heart failure. Between 1991 and 2000, there were 2922 heart transplants performed in the UK. Oneand 10-year survivals are currently 90% and 50%, respectively, and 50% of recipients are aged 50 yr or over at the time of transplantation. Cardiac transplant recipients have an increased requirement for non-cardiac surgery; a quarter of patients undergo surgery within 2 years of transplantation. The anaesthetist may encounter such patients on both elective and emergency theatre lists. In addition, heart transplant patients may suffer medical or surgical complications that necessitate admission to the intensive care unit. Effective anaesthetic care is dependent on knowledge of the complications that occur in these patients, an appreciation of the side-effects of their immunosuppressive therapy and a clear understanding of the changes in physiology and pharmacology that cardiac transplantation produces.
74在过去的三十年中，心脏移植已经从一种1年生存率为20%的手术发展成为终末期心力衰竭的一种确定的治疗方法。1991年至2000年间，英国共进行了2922例心脏移植手术。目前1年和10年生存率分别为90%和50%，50%的受者在移植时年龄在50岁或以上。心脏移植受者对非心脏手术的需求增加;1 / 4的患者在移植后2年内接受手术。麻醉师可能会在择期和急诊名单上遇到这样的病人。此外，心脏移植患者可能会出现内科或外科并发症，需要住进重症监护病房。有效的麻醉护理依赖于对这些患者发生的并发症的了解，对其免疫抑制治疗的副作用的认识，以及对心脏移植产生的生理和药理学变化的清楚了解。
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引用次数: 7
Multiple Choice Questions 选择题
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.3.91
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引用次数: 0
One‐lung anaesthesia 特色肺麻醉
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.3.83
Eastwood Jo , Mahajan Ravi
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引用次数: 6
Parkinson's disease 帕金森病
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.3.69
Errington Dominic R , Severn Andrew M , Meara Jolyon
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引用次数: 0
Myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.3.88
Thavasothy Murali , Hirsch Nicholas
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引用次数: 0
Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to cerebral aneurysm 脑动脉瘤所致的蛛网膜下腔出血
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.45
Sutcliffe Anne J
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引用次数: 1
Gas embolism in anaesthesia 麻醉中的气体栓塞
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.53
Webber S , Andrzejowski J , Francis G

Venous, arterial and paradoxical air emboli are potential complications in many of the clinical scenarios encountered anaesthetists. Capnography is easy to use, routinely available and should detect most clinically significant emboli. In high risk situations, prevention is better than cure and it is essential that the appropriate preventative measures, monitoring tools and treatment modalities are in place. Vigilance and good communication between all clinicians involved is essential. the event of a large embolism, cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be required. Additional treatment is aimed at preventing further air entry, overcoming the air lock and reducing the size of the embolism. Paradoxical air embolism may occur in absence of a PFO. The treatment of choice for significant arterial air emboli is hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

静脉，动脉和矛盾的空气栓塞是潜在的并发症在许多临床情况下遇到的麻醉师。血管造影易于使用，常规可用，可检测大多数临床意义重大的栓子。在高风险情况下，预防胜于治疗，适当的预防措施、监测工具和治疗方式必须到位。所有相关临床医生之间的警惕和良好沟通至关重要。如果发生大栓塞，可能需要心肺复苏术。额外的治疗旨在防止进一步的空气进入，克服气锁和缩小栓塞的大小。在没有PFO的情况下可能发生矛盾的空气栓塞。对于明显的动脉空气栓塞的治疗选择是高压氧治疗。
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引用次数: 18
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acute pain 经皮神经电刺激和急性疼痛
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.49
Lynch Louise , Simpson Karen H
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引用次数: 9
Multiple Choice Answers 选择题答案
BJA CEPD Reviews
Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjacepd/2.2.62
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引用次数: 0
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