Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal最新文献

A simulated memristor architecture of neural networks of human memory

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2025.02.001

Tihomir Taskov, Juliana Dushanova

The project presents a hybrid approach between artificial intelligence and neuroscience as a more common framework to investigate the function-structure relationship, emphasizing the computational properties of neural networks. The human connectome will be reconstructed using electrophysiological studies, implemented as an artificial reservoir, and trained to perform memory tasks. By comparing connectome-informed reservoirs with arbitrary architectures, the computational properties of the human connectome will be optimized at a unique macroscale network topology and its mesoscale modular organization under critical network dynamics, assumed to perform optimal information processing. The hypothesis is that regardless of global network dynamics, the human connectome maximizes memory capacity by minimizing metabolic and material costs. The idea that the interplay of network dynamics and structure sustains and modulates the computational capacity of connectome-informed reservoirs may explain the spectrum of computational abilities of the anatomical macroscale brain network. By combining connectomics and reservoir computing, it will be possible to implement biologically derived network architectures and connectomes as artificial neural networks in memory tasks. Opportunities to investigate novel facets of the function-structure relationship in brain neuronal networks will arise from the adaptable approach concerning task paradigm, network dynamics, and architecture. Another question is how variations in the connectome architecture give rise to different developmental cognitive abilities in information and computational processing of neural networks. Artificial reservoirs such as memristors have been proposed to explore information processing aspects of the brain by combining modern electrophysiological computing tools and those from artificial intelligence, such as spiking artificial neural (memristor) networks.

{"title":"A simulated memristor architecture of neural networks of human memory","authors":"Tihomir Taskov, Juliana Dushanova","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The project presents a hybrid approach between artificial intelligence and neuroscience as a more common framework to investigate the function-structure relationship, emphasizing the computational properties of neural networks. The human connectome will be reconstructed using electrophysiological studies, implemented as an artificial reservoir, and trained to perform memory tasks. By comparing connectome-informed reservoirs with arbitrary architectures, the computational properties of the human connectome will be optimized at a unique macroscale network topology and its mesoscale modular organization under critical network dynamics, assumed to perform optimal information processing. The hypothesis is that regardless of global network dynamics, the human connectome maximizes memory capacity by minimizing metabolic and material costs. The idea that the interplay of network dynamics and structure sustains and modulates the computational capacity of connectome-informed reservoirs may explain the spectrum of computational abilities of the anatomical macroscale brain network. By combining connectomics and reservoir computing, it will be possible to implement biologically derived network architectures and connectomes as artificial neural networks in memory tasks. Opportunities to investigate novel facets of the function-structure relationship in brain neuronal networks will arise from the adaptable approach concerning task paradigm, network dynamics, and architecture. Another question is how variations in the connectome architecture give rise to different developmental cognitive abilities in information and computational processing of neural networks. Artificial reservoirs such as memristors have been proposed to explore information processing aspects of the brain by combining modern electrophysiological computing tools and those from artificial intelligence, such as spiking artificial neural (memristor) networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impaired brain functional connectivity and complexity in mild cognitive decline

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2025.02.002

Natália de Carvalho Santos , Guilherme Gâmbaro , Lívia Lamas da Silva , Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva , Renata Ferranti Leoni

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Then, a better understanding of MCI neural correlates may inform more effective therapeutic interventions before irreversible changes occur in the brain, potentially delaying the onset of AD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has proven to be a powerful tool for investigating brain functional connectivity (FC) in MCI patients; however, integrating such analysis with graph theory and brain complexity (entropy) remains an underexplored yet promising avenue for understanding MCI-related changes. Therefore, we aimed to identify patterns of neural dysfunction and changes in brain complexity that may help differentiate mild cognitive decline from normal aging. We included 44 patients with an MCI diagnosis (75 ± 8 years; 26 men and 18 women) and 40 controls (77 ± 7 years; 26 men and 14 women). Conventional rs-FC served as a well-established foundation for further analyses. Graph theory was applied since it has gained prominence to investigate the structure of brain networks and identify patients with dementia. Sample entropy was measured to assess the complex and dynamic functioning of the brain. Reduced functional connectivity, cost, degree, entropy, and increased average path length were observed in MCI patients compared to controls. Alterations converged to temporal and frontal areas, insula, thalamus, and hippocampus and were involved in language processing, spatial attention and perception, and memory. Functional connectivity alterations seemed to precede topological changes expected for AD patients. Moreover, altered entropy suggested an initial brain disability to maintain efficient network integration in a memory-related region. Therefore, our findings emphasize the importance of integrating functional connectivity analysis, graph theory, and entropy to understand brain changes in MCI better. These complementary approaches offer a more comprehensive view of the neural dysfunctions associated with cognitive decline, providing a promising foundation for identifying biomarkers that could predict progression to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.

{"title":"Impaired brain functional connectivity and complexity in mild cognitive decline","authors":"Natália de Carvalho Santos , Guilherme Gâmbaro , Lívia Lamas da Silva , Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva , Renata Ferranti Leoni","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Then, a better understanding of MCI neural correlates may inform more effective therapeutic interventions before irreversible changes occur in the brain, potentially delaying the onset of AD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has proven to be a powerful tool for investigating brain functional connectivity (FC) in MCI patients; however, integrating such analysis with graph theory and brain complexity (entropy) remains an underexplored yet promising avenue for understanding MCI-related changes. Therefore, we aimed to identify patterns of neural dysfunction and changes in brain complexity that may help differentiate mild cognitive decline from normal aging. We included 44 patients with an MCI diagnosis (75 ± 8 years; 26 men and 18 women) and 40 controls (77 ± 7 years; 26 men and 14 women). Conventional rs-FC served as a well-established foundation for further analyses. Graph theory was applied since it has gained prominence to investigate the structure of brain networks and identify patients with dementia. Sample entropy was measured to assess the complex and dynamic functioning of the brain. Reduced functional connectivity, cost, degree, entropy, and increased average path length were observed in MCI patients compared to controls. Alterations converged to temporal and frontal areas, insula, thalamus, and hippocampus and were involved in language processing, spatial attention and perception, and memory. Functional connectivity alterations seemed to precede topological changes expected for AD patients. Moreover, altered entropy suggested an initial brain disability to maintain efficient network integration in a memory-related region. Therefore, our findings emphasize the importance of integrating functional connectivity analysis, graph theory, and entropy to understand brain changes in MCI better. These complementary approaches offer a more comprehensive view of the neural dysfunctions associated with cognitive decline, providing a promising foundation for identifying biomarkers that could predict progression to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organoid intelligence and biocomputing advances: Current steps and future directions

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2025.01.002

Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan

Organoid intelligence (OI) offers transformative potential across diverse fields, particularly in personalized medicine, biocomputing, and environmental sustainability. Here, we examine how the unique biological properties of organoids, which closely mimic human physiological processes, enable the development of advanced disease models, drug testing platforms, and sustainable bioengineered solutions. Researchers can address critical carbon capture, bioremediation, and pollution control challenges by integrating OI into computational systems. This review discusses the technological advancements that enable OI applications, including microfluidics, artificial intelligence, and electrophysiology while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to foster reproducibility and scalability. Additionally, we address the ethical and legal considerations surrounding OI development, such as data privacy, potential misuse, and the emerging moral status of organoids with advanced cognitive-like properties. We highlight the Baltimore Declaration as a foundational framework for ensuring OI technologies align with ethical standards and societal benefits. OI's responsible advancement promises to revolutionize computational efficiency, improve healthcare outcomes, and address global challenges sustainably and equitably by fostering public engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust regulatory oversight.

{"title":"Organoid intelligence and biocomputing advances: Current steps and future directions","authors":"Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organoid intelligence (OI) offers transformative potential across diverse fields, particularly in personalized medicine, biocomputing, and environmental sustainability. Here, we examine how the unique biological properties of organoids, which closely mimic human physiological processes, enable the development of advanced disease models, drug testing platforms, and sustainable bioengineered solutions. Researchers can address critical carbon capture, bioremediation, and pollution control challenges by integrating OI into computational systems. This review discusses the technological advancements that enable OI applications, including microfluidics, artificial intelligence, and electrophysiology while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to foster reproducibility and scalability. Additionally, we address the ethical and legal considerations surrounding OI development, such as data privacy, potential misuse, and the emerging moral status of organoids with advanced cognitive-like properties. We highlight the Baltimore Declaration as a foundational framework for ensuring OI technologies align with ethical standards and societal benefits. OI's responsible advancement promises to revolutionize computational efficiency, improve healthcare outcomes, and address global challenges sustainably and equitably by fostering public engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust regulatory oversight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143205411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural differences in attention: An investigation through computational modelling

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2025.01.001

Eirini Mavritsaki , Stephanie Chua , Harriet A Allen , Panagiotis Rentzelas

Background

Behavioural research has shown that cultural membership can shape visual perception and attentional processes. In picture perception, members of collectivist cultures are more likely to attend the whole of the perceptual field than an individual salient item. Members of individualist cultures tend to attend the most salient object in the visual field. Understanding the brain processes that underlie these differences in visual attention is very important, as attentional processes can have significant impact on learning, navigation, communication and more. This study examines the perception of saliency among collectivist and individualist cultural groups using a computational modelling approach that is based on spiking neurons, the binding spiking Search over Time and Space (b-sSoTS) model. We simulated visual search for a salient target among distracters. We successfully simulated cross-cultural differences in early visual processes by altering the coupling parameter and varying the strength of connections between representations in the model. These findings indicate that the one of the potential causes of cross-cultural differences in visual perception can be the differences in encoding the mechanisms between individualist and collectivist cultural groups This study marks the first step investigating these processes by extending the behavioural research finding with computational modelling.

{"title":"Cross-cultural differences in attention: An investigation through computational modelling","authors":"Eirini Mavritsaki , Stephanie Chua , Harriet A Allen , Panagiotis Rentzelas","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Behavioural research has shown that cultural membership can shape visual perception and attentional processes. In picture perception, members of collectivist cultures are more likely to attend the whole of the perceptual field than an individual salient item. Members of individualist cultures tend to attend the most salient object in the visual field. Understanding the brain processes that underlie these differences in visual attention is very important, as attentional processes can have significant impact on learning, navigation, communication and more. This study examines the perception of saliency among collectivist and individualist cultural groups using a computational modelling approach that is based on spiking neurons, the binding spiking Search over Time and Space (b-sSoTS) model. We simulated visual search for a salient target among distracters. We successfully simulated cross-cultural differences in early visual processes by altering the coupling parameter and varying the strength of connections between representations in the model. These findings indicate that the one of the potential causes of cross-cultural differences in visual perception can be the differences in encoding the mechanisms between individualist and collectivist cultural groups This study marks the first step investigating these processes by extending the behavioural research finding with computational modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From peripheral to central (Neuro)degeneration: Is heart-kidney a new axial paradigm for Parkinson’s disease? 从外周到中枢（神经）变性：心脏-肾脏是帕金森病的新轴向范式吗？

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.003

Catarina Teixeira , Joana Martins-Macedo , Eduardo Gomes , Carla Soares-Guedes , Rita Caridade-Silva , Bruna Araújo , Cristiana Vilela , Inês Falcão Pires , Inês Alencastre , Fábio G. Teixeira

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is primarily characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DAn). The most evident repercussions of the disease include sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction, decreased dopamine (DA) levels, and impaired voluntary movements. Given the multifactorial nature of PD, it is now recognized that several systemic diseases may predispose individuals to the onset and progression of PD as well as influence its therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies have highlighted that patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) face an increased risk of developing PD, independent of the shared risk factors. Indeed, substantial evidence supports the connections between the brain, heart, and kidneys. Elements such as the dopaminergic system, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and calcium (Ca2+) signaling are recognized as crucial for the functioning of each organ individually. However, these factors may also significantly impact the overall health of the triad. Understanding the interconnection between the brain, heart, and kidneys would be groundbreaking in enhancing our knowledge about their interactions, enabling prompt interventions in the early stages of the disease. With this perspective, this review analyzes the current understanding of the brain-heart-kidney axis as a potential new paradigm for diagnosing and managing PD.

帕金森病（PD）的主要特征是α -突触核蛋白（αSyn）的积累和多巴胺能神经元（DAn）的丧失。该疾病最明显的影响包括交感和副交感神经功能障碍，多巴胺（DA）水平下降和自主运动受损。鉴于帕金森病的多因素性质，现在认识到一些全身性疾病可能使个体易患帕金森病的发病和进展，并影响其治疗结果。最近的研究强调，心血管疾病（CVD）和慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者发展为PD的风险增加，独立于共同的危险因素。事实上，大量证据支持大脑、心脏和肾脏之间的联系。多巴胺能系统、血压调节、炎症、自噬、氧化应激和钙（Ca2+）信号等因素被认为对每个器官的功能都至关重要。然而，这些因素也可能显著影响三位一体的整体健康。了解大脑、心脏和肾脏之间的相互联系，将在增强我们对它们相互作用的认识方面具有开创性意义，使我们能够在疾病的早期阶段及时进行干预。从这个角度来看，本文分析了目前对脑-心-肾轴作为诊断和治疗PD的潜在新范式的理解。

{"title":"From peripheral to central (Neuro)degeneration: Is heart-kidney a new axial paradigm for Parkinson’s disease?","authors":"Catarina Teixeira , Joana Martins-Macedo , Eduardo Gomes , Carla Soares-Guedes , Rita Caridade-Silva , Bruna Araújo , Cristiana Vilela , Inês Falcão Pires , Inês Alencastre , Fábio G. Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is primarily characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DAn). The most evident repercussions of the disease include sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction, decreased dopamine (DA) levels, and impaired voluntary movements. Given the multifactorial nature of PD, it is now recognized that several systemic diseases may predispose individuals to the onset and progression of PD as well as influence its therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies have highlighted that patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) face an increased risk of developing PD, independent of the shared risk factors. Indeed, substantial evidence supports the connections between the brain, heart, and kidneys. Elements such as the dopaminergic system, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and calcium (Ca2+) signaling are recognized as crucial for the functioning of each organ individually. However, these factors may also significantly impact the overall health of the triad. Understanding the interconnection between the brain, heart, and kidneys would be groundbreaking in enhancing our knowledge about their interactions, enabling prompt interventions in the early stages of the disease. With this perspective, this review analyzes the current understanding of the brain-heart-kidney axis as a potential new paradigm for diagnosing and managing PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ageing and brain research networks in Norway 挪威老龄化与脑研究网络

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.001

Evandro F. Fang , Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen , Linda Hildegard Bergersen , Hilde Nilsen , Jon Storm-Mathisen

The global population is ageing rapidly with over 1.6 billion people forecast to be over 65 by 2050. While this ‘crisis of ageing’ builds, medical research is rushing to prepare to meet the expected increase in the number of patients, especially those with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. With the growth of the digital world, sharing of information and resources has come into focus as one way to help meet the crisis through creating positive collaborative working environments. In Norway, particularly two networks on ageing research have grown through the need for connectivity and collaboration, NO-Age and NO-AD. Their growth, and the growth of international collaborative environments, will help researchers seek for the keys to longer, healthier lives for older people around the world.

全球人口正在迅速老龄化，预计到 2050 年将有超过 16 亿人超过 65 岁。在这场 "老龄化危机 "日益加剧的同时，医学研究也在加紧准备，以应对预计增加的患者人数，尤其是包括阿尔茨海默病在内的痴呆症患者。随着数字世界的发展，信息和资源共享已成为通过创造积极合作的工作环境来帮助应对危机的一种方式。在挪威，两个老龄化研究网络，即 "NO-Age "和 "NO-AD"，尤其是通过对连接和合作的需求而发展起来的。这两个网络的发展以及国际合作环境的发展，将有助于研究人员为全世界老年人寻找更长寿、更健康生活的关键。

引用次数: 0

StressMatic: Bridging innovation and reliability in animal models of stress StressMatic：应激动物模型创新与可靠性的桥梁

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.002

Joana Martins-Macedo , Eduardo D. Gomes , João F. Oliveira , Patrícia Patrício , Luísa Pinto

Preclinical research involving animal models of stress exposure typically rely on traditional manual protocols, which are laborious and time-consuming and may compromise reproducibility and the effective translation of findings into clinical applications. StressMatic is an automated stress exposure system (auCMS), designed to improve the standardization and reproducibility of stress-induction methodologies. The auCMS demonstrated consistent efficacy, with animals subjected to automated stressors displaying similar responses to those exposed to conventional manual methods, thus confirming its validity as a reliable tool. While some stressors still require human involvement, the automation of key processes has markedly enhanced efficiency and minimized operational time. This innovative approach reduces the introduction of human error, increases precision, and standardizes experimental workflows, resulting in a more robust preclinical research platform. By streamlining repetitive tasks, the auCMS promotes adaptability in experimental design, particularly in the study of mood disorders. Ultimately, this automated protocol not only enhances the reliability of pharmaceutical screening processes but also strengthens the drug discovery pipeline, facilitating deeper insights into behavioral outcomes and informing therapeutic strategies.

涉及应激暴露动物模型的临床前研究通常依赖于传统的手工操作方案，这些方案费时费力，可能会影响可重复性以及将研究结果有效转化为临床应用。StressMatic 是一种自动应激暴露系统（auCMS），旨在提高应激诱导方法的标准化和可重复性。auCMS 具有一致的功效，接受自动应激源的动物与接受传统人工方法的动物表现出相似的反应，从而证实了其作为可靠工具的有效性。虽然某些应激仍需要人工参与，但关键流程的自动化已显著提高了效率，并最大限度地缩短了操作时间。这种创新方法减少了人为错误，提高了精确度，并实现了实验工作流程的标准化，从而打造了一个更强大的临床前研究平台。通过简化重复性任务，auCMS 提高了实验设计的适应性，尤其是在情绪障碍研究中。最终，这种自动化方案不仅提高了药物筛选过程的可靠性，还加强了药物发现管道，有助于深入了解行为结果并为治疗策略提供信息。

{"title":"StressMatic: Bridging innovation and reliability in animal models of stress","authors":"Joana Martins-Macedo , Eduardo D. Gomes , João F. Oliveira , Patrícia Patrício , Luísa Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preclinical research involving animal models of stress exposure typically rely on traditional manual protocols, which are laborious and time-consuming and may compromise reproducibility and the effective translation of findings into clinical applications. StressMatic is an automated stress exposure system (auCMS), designed to improve the standardization and reproducibility of stress-induction methodologies. The auCMS demonstrated consistent efficacy, with animals subjected to automated stressors displaying similar responses to those exposed to conventional manual methods, thus confirming its validity as a reliable tool. While some stressors still require human involvement, the automation of key processes has markedly enhanced efficiency and minimized operational time. This innovative approach reduces the introduction of human error, increases precision, and standardizes experimental workflows, resulting in a more robust preclinical research platform. By streamlining repetitive tasks, the auCMS promotes adaptability in experimental design, particularly in the study of mood disorders. Ultimately, this automated protocol not only enhances the reliability of pharmaceutical screening processes but also strengthens the drug discovery pipeline, facilitating deeper insights into behavioral outcomes and informing therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harmony in the brain: A narrative review on the shared neural substrates of emotion regulation and creativity 大脑中的和谐：关于情绪调节和创造力的共同神经基质的叙述性综述

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2024.10.002

A.I. Ladas , T. Gravalas , C. Katsoridou , C.A. Frantzidis

The contribution of creativity in overall well-being through regulating emotions has sparkled research interest in employing artistic interventions recently for the improvement of mental health. Although the behavioural links between emotion regulation and creativity have been established, the neural networks reflecting these relations are yet to be investigated. In this mini review, we describe the neural underpinnings of all forms of creativity and of the emotion regulation strategies. Given the complexity of both of these constructs, we separate creativity in its various forms and report the regions and the neural networks involved. Similarly, we distinguish between the differential emotion regulation strategies and describe the relevant brain areas and networks. We then proceed to a critical exploration of common regions of interest and of neural pathways among these important functions. The studies included in this review point towards certain brain regions that are shared among creativity and affective control, such as the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal lobe and the inferior parietal lobule. The common neural networks of emotion regulation and creativity mainly focus on the default mode, the executive control and the salience networks. We then suggest a shared neural mechanism that may underlie emotion regulation and creativity, involving both control and affective processing. Drawing on the limitations of the studies reviewed, directions for future research are suggested that could significantly inform the field.

创造力通过调节情绪对整体健康的贡献激发了研究人员对采用艺术干预来改善心理健康的兴趣。尽管情绪调节与创造力之间的行为联系已经确立，但反映这些关系的神经网络仍有待研究。在这篇小型综述中，我们将描述各种形式的创造力和情绪调节策略的神经基础。鉴于这两个概念的复杂性，我们将创造力分为不同的形式，并报告所涉及的区域和神经网络。同样，我们区分了不同的情绪调节策略，并描述了相关的脑区和网络。然后，我们将对这些重要功能之间的共同兴趣区域和神经通路进行深入探讨。本综述中的研究指出了创造力和情绪控制之间的某些共同脑区，如前额叶皮层、前扣带回皮层、背外侧前额叶皮层、内侧颞叶和下顶叶。情绪调节和创造力的共同神经网络主要集中在默认模式、执行控制和显著性网络。然后，我们提出了一种可能是情绪调节和创造力的共同神经机制，其中涉及控制和情感处理。根据所回顾研究的局限性，我们提出了未来研究的方向，这将为该领域提供重要信息。

{"title":"Harmony in the brain: A narrative review on the shared neural substrates of emotion regulation and creativity","authors":"A.I. Ladas , T. Gravalas , C. Katsoridou , C.A. Frantzidis","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contribution of creativity in overall well-being through regulating emotions has sparkled research interest in employing artistic interventions recently for the improvement of mental health. Although the behavioural links between emotion regulation and creativity have been established, the neural networks reflecting these relations are yet to be investigated. In this mini review, we describe the neural underpinnings of all forms of creativity and of the emotion regulation strategies. Given the complexity of both of these constructs, we separate creativity in its various forms and report the regions and the neural networks involved. Similarly, we distinguish between the differential emotion regulation strategies and describe the relevant brain areas and networks. We then proceed to a critical exploration of common regions of interest and of neural pathways among these important functions. The studies included in this review point towards certain brain regions that are shared among creativity and affective control, such as the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal lobe and the inferior parietal lobule. The common neural networks of emotion regulation and creativity mainly focus on the default mode, the executive control and the salience networks. We then suggest a shared neural mechanism that may underlie emotion regulation and creativity, involving both control and affective processing. Drawing on the limitations of the studies reviewed, directions for future research are suggested that could significantly inform the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling neuroinflammation-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment: Insights from targeted metabolomics 揭示轻度认知障碍中神经炎症介导的线粒体功能障碍：靶向代谢组学的启示

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2024.10.001

Rimjhim Trivedi , Smita Singh , Vivek Singh , Sachin Yadav , Avinash Chandra Singh , Anup Singh , Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia , Abhai Kumar , Dinesh Kumar

Background

The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is rising rapidly among the elderly due to age-related metabolic changes. Older adults with T2DM have a 50–65 % increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, particularly mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which may progress to neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies underscore the significant roles of mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupted glutamate-glutamine cycling, hyperglycemia, and hyperprolinemia in cognitive decline. These interconnected metabolites—glucose, glutamine, glutamate, and proline—are potential targets for understanding the relationship between T2DM and cognitive impairment.

Material and method

The present targeted NMR based metabolomics study aims to compare the blood plasma/serum metabolic profiles of these four metabolites in age and sex matched MCI (N = 27) and T2DM patients (N = 38) with respect to normal control (NC, N = 23) subjects. The metabolic profiling was performed using ¹ H NMR spectroscopy.

Results

Compared to NC group, both T2DM and MCI groups exhibited elevated glucose levels. Circulatory glucose and glutamine levels were significantly higher in T2DM subjects than in MCI and NC subjects, while glutamate levels followed a similar trend in both T2DM and MCI groups. However, in MCI patients, circulatory levels of proline, proline-to-glutamine (PQR) and glutamate-to-glutamine ratio (EQR) were significantly elevated compared to T2DM, while circulatory glutamine was significantly reduced.

Conclusion

The decreased circulatory levels of glutamine and PQR demonstrated statistically significant correlation with the severity of the cognitive impairment as assessed based on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score suggested augmented utilization of glutamine in MCI patients and accumulation of proline due to active neuro-inflammatory processes and impaired mitochondrial functioning in MCI brain.

背景由于与年龄有关的新陈代谢变化，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）在老年人中的发病率迅速上升。患有 T2DM 的老年人罹患认知功能障碍，尤其是轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）的风险增加了 50-65%，而轻度认知功能障碍可能会发展为阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经退行性疾病。最近的研究强调了线粒体功能障碍、谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环紊乱、高血糖和高脯氨酸血症在认知功能下降中的重要作用。这些相互关联的代谢物--葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸和脯氨酸--是了解 T2DM 与认知障碍之间关系的潜在靶标。材料和方法本项基于 NMR 的靶向代谢组学研究旨在比较年龄和性别匹配的 MCI（N = 27）和 T2DM 患者（N = 38）与正常对照组（NC，N = 23）中这四种代谢物的血浆/血清代谢谱。结果与 NC 组相比，T2DM 组和 MCI 组都表现出葡萄糖水平升高。T2DM 组的循环葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺水平明显高于 MCI 组和 NC 组，而 T2DM 组和 MCI 组的谷氨酸水平变化趋势相似。然而，与 T2DM 相比，MCI 患者循环中的脯氨酸、脯氨酸与谷氨酰胺的比率（PQR）和谷氨酸与谷氨酰胺的比率（EQR）明显升高，而循环中的谷氨酰胺则明显降低。结论循环中谷氨酰胺和 PQR 水平的降低与根据迷你精神状态检查（MMSE）评分评估的认知功能障碍的严重程度存在统计学上的显著相关性，这表明 MCI 患者对谷氨酰胺的利用增加，以及由于神经炎症过程活跃和 MCI 大脑线粒体功能受损导致的脯氨酸积累。

{"title":"Unravelling neuroinflammation-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment: Insights from targeted metabolomics","authors":"Rimjhim Trivedi , Smita Singh , Vivek Singh , Sachin Yadav , Avinash Chandra Singh , Anup Singh , Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia , Abhai Kumar , Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is rising rapidly among the elderly due to age-related metabolic changes. Older adults with T2DM have a 50–65 % increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, particularly mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which may progress to neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies underscore the significant roles of mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupted glutamate-glutamine cycling, hyperglycemia, and hyperprolinemia in cognitive decline. These interconnected metabolites—glucose, glutamine, glutamate, and proline—are potential targets for understanding the relationship between T2DM and cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>The present targeted NMR based metabolomics study aims to compare the blood plasma/serum metabolic profiles of these four metabolites in age and sex matched MCI (N = 27) and T2DM patients (N = 38) with respect to normal control (NC, N = 23) subjects. The metabolic profiling was performed using <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to NC group, both T2DM and MCI groups exhibited elevated glucose levels. Circulatory glucose and glutamine levels were significantly higher in T2DM subjects than in MCI and NC subjects, while glutamate levels followed a similar trend in both T2DM and MCI groups. However, in MCI patients, circulatory levels of proline, proline-to-glutamine (PQR) and glutamate-to-glutamine ratio (EQR) were significantly elevated compared to T2DM, while circulatory glutamine was significantly reduced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The decreased circulatory levels of glutamine and PQR demonstrated statistically significant correlation with the severity of the cognitive impairment as assessed based on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score suggested augmented utilization of glutamine in MCI patients and accumulation of proline due to active neuro-inflammatory processes and impaired mitochondrial functioning in MCI brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Alzheimer's disease using cerebral organoids: Current challenges and prospects 利用脑器质性组织模拟阿尔茨海默病：当前挑战与前景

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bosn.2024.09.001

Ayodeji Zabdiel Abijo , Sunday Yinka Olatunji , Stephen Taiye Adelodun , Moses Oluwasegun Asamu , Noah Adavize Omeiza

“Brain organoids”, “cerebral organoids” or “mini-brains” are the terms that have been frequently used to describe self-organizing 3D structures which could be derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The fact that certain cell types could be reprogrammed to study some aspects of brain development and certain disease conditions has advanced our understanding of brain development in health and disease. Human brain development is somewhat intriguing, however, complex, sharing close similarities with both primate and rodent brain development, despite species heterogeneity. The in-vivo and in-vitro models have been used over time to study the development of the brain in health and disease states. The in-vitro system being a monolayer system is unable to recapitulate some essential aspects of human brain development and even certain disease conditions like microcephaly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) to mention a few, because of the complex pathophysiology of these diseases. Based on this premise, recent studies are now beginning to examine the role of patient-derived human tissues reprogrammed into stem cells with the ability to organize into 3D cerebral organoids in studying and understanding the complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases which have been difficult to model in-vitro and in-vivo. Here, we highlight evidence of patient-derived brain organoids in modeling Alzheimer’s disease, providing evidence on the current challenges and prospects in growing cerebral organoids and some approaches that have been developed to overcome these challenges.

"脑器质性组织"、"脑器质性组织 "或 "微型脑 "是描述自组织三维结构的常用术语，这些结构可能来自胚胎干细胞（ESC）、成体干细胞或诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）。事实上，某些细胞类型可以通过重新编程来研究大脑发育的某些方面和某些疾病状况，这促进了我们对健康和疾病中大脑发育的了解。人类的大脑发育虽然具有物种异质性，但与灵长类动物和啮齿类动物的大脑发育有着密切的相似之处。长期以来，人们一直使用体内和体外模型来研究健康和疾病状态下的大脑发育。体外系统是一个单层系统，无法再现人类大脑发育的某些重要方面，甚至无法再现某些疾病，如小头畸形、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和前颞叶痴呆（FTD）等，因为这些疾病的病理生理学非常复杂。基于这一前提，最近的研究开始探讨将患者来源的人体组织重编程为干细胞，使其具有组织成三维脑组织的能力，在研究和了解神经退行性疾病的复杂性方面所起的作用。在此，我们将重点介绍患者来源的脑器官组织在阿尔茨海默病建模中的应用，并提供证据说明目前在培育脑器官组织方面所面临的挑战和前景，以及为克服这些挑战而开发的一些方法。

{"title":"Modeling Alzheimer's disease using cerebral organoids: Current challenges and prospects","authors":"Ayodeji Zabdiel Abijo , Sunday Yinka Olatunji , Stephen Taiye Adelodun , Moses Oluwasegun Asamu , Noah Adavize Omeiza","doi":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bosn.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Brain organoids”, “cerebral organoids” or “mini-brains” are the terms that have been frequently used to describe self-organizing 3D structures which could be derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The fact that certain cell types could be reprogrammed to study some aspects of brain development and certain disease conditions has advanced our understanding of brain development in health and disease. Human brain development is somewhat intriguing, however, complex, sharing close similarities with both primate and rodent brain development, despite species heterogeneity. The <em>in-vivo</em> and <em>in-vitro</em> models have been used over time to study the development of the brain in health and disease states. The <em>in-vitro</em> system being a monolayer system is unable to recapitulate some essential aspects of human brain development and even certain disease conditions like microcephaly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) to mention a few, because of the complex pathophysiology of these diseases. Based on this premise, recent studies are now beginning to examine the role of patient-derived human tissues reprogrammed into stem cells with the ability to organize into 3D cerebral organoids in studying and understanding the complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases which have been difficult to model <em>in-vitro</em> and <em>in-vivo</em>. Here, we highlight evidence of patient-derived brain organoids in modeling Alzheimer’s disease, providing evidence on the current challenges and prospects in growing cerebral organoids and some approaches that have been developed to overcome these challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949921624000073/pdfft?md5=dcae5fa363f6f807831f508b3b244f05&pid=1-s2.0-S2949921624000073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0