Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.08.002
Elisabeth Mara, Verena Breitsching, Tanja Schuster, Thomas Pekar
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged at the end of 2019, causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The main sources of infections are infected and asymptomatic persons. One major problem of the pandemic are the diverse symptoms and the varying manifestations of the illness. In this study, the IgG level recognizing the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 was determined within 336 volunteers from the environment of the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt. The aims of this study were to identify the estimated number of undiscovered COVID-19 infections and the corresponding antibody levels. In total, 11.3% of the nonvaccinated probands had a positive IgG antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2, whereas 4.0% did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had never been tested at the time of sampling. Probands in this study reported tiredness (57,5%), ageusia/anosmia (55%) and headache (47,5%) as most frequent symptoms.
{"title":"Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Austrian cohort","authors":"Elisabeth Mara, Verena Breitsching, Tanja Schuster, Thomas Pekar","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged at the end of 2019, causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The main sources of infections are infected and asymptomatic persons. One major problem of the pandemic are the diverse symptoms and the varying manifestations of the illness. In this study, the IgG level recognizing the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 was determined within 336 volunteers from the environment of the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt. The aims of this study were to identify the estimated number of undiscovered COVID-19 infections and the corresponding antibody levels. In total, 11.3% of the nonvaccinated probands had a positive IgG antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2, whereas 4.0% did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had never been tested at the time of sampling. Probands in this study reported tiredness (57,5%), ageusia/anosmia (55%) and headache (47,5%) as most frequent symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613421000032/pdfft?md5=2b80efc2ac0531d8c2aaf3af4e8981dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613421000032-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91725396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.002
Leonardo Oliveira Mendonça , Tania Sih , Morton Scheinberg , Daniel Alvarenga , Alex Isidoro Ferreira Prado , Jorge Kalil , Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca , Fabio Fernandes Morato Castro , Myrthes Anna Maragna Toledo Barros , Avi Livneh
Background
: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common form of genetic autoinflammatory disease worldwide. In turn, selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common humoral primary immunodeficiency, yet most patients remain asymptomatic. Case Presentation: A Jewish Brazilian female came to our attention due to recurrent inflammatory febrile episodes since very early in life, initially attributed to unexplained infections linked to SIgAD. At the age of 15 years, disabling buttock pain prompted a sacroiliac MRI, which demonstrated sacroiliitis. Direct genetic sequencing of the MEFV gene confirmed the diagnosis of FMF. After severe gastrointestinal intolerance to colchicine was observed, canakinumab achieved clinical and radiological control, enabling the reinstatement of colchicine. Conclusion: Here we report the first case of concomitant FMF and SIgAD in a Brazilian patient, highlighting the relevance of these comorbidities in the patient's diagnosis and follow-up. This coincidental association also provides insight into interactions between serum and mucosal IgA and the pyrin inflammasome in the control of inflammation and gut dysbiosis.
{"title":"Challenges and insights raised by comorbidity with FMF and selective IgA deficiency","authors":"Leonardo Oliveira Mendonça , Tania Sih , Morton Scheinberg , Daniel Alvarenga , Alex Isidoro Ferreira Prado , Jorge Kalil , Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca , Fabio Fernandes Morato Castro , Myrthes Anna Maragna Toledo Barros , Avi Livneh","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common form of genetic autoinflammatory disease worldwide. In turn, selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common humoral primary immunodeficiency, yet most patients remain asymptomatic. Case Presentation: A Jewish Brazilian female came to our attention due to recurrent inflammatory febrile episodes since very early in life, initially attributed to unexplained infections linked to SIgAD. At the age of 15 years, disabling buttock pain prompted a sacroiliac MRI, which demonstrated sacroiliitis. Direct genetic sequencing of the MEFV gene confirmed the diagnosis of FMF. After severe gastrointestinal intolerance to colchicine was observed, canakinumab achieved clinical and radiological control, enabling the reinstatement of colchicine. Conclusion: Here we report the first case of concomitant FMF and SIgAD in a Brazilian patient, highlighting the relevance of these comorbidities in the patient's diagnosis and follow-up. This coincidental association also provides insight into interactions between serum and mucosal IgA and the pyrin inflammasome in the control of inflammation and gut dysbiosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277261342100007X/pdfft?md5=5501107865079bc0ab3e9d2df349fb86&pid=1-s2.0-S277261342100007X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91725395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.08.001
Sandy Nasr, Sara Khalil, Bernard J. Poiesz, Katalin Banki, Andras Perl
We describe a 64-year-old Caucasian female with a history of Raynaud's disease, hand arthritis, photosensitivity, Sjogren's syndrome and leukocytoclastic vasculitis who presented with progressively worsening fingertip necrosis that began three days after receiving a first dose of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 RNA vaccine. Our workup revealed cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and IgM antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL) directed against phosphatidylserine (aPL-PS), suggesting a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The patient failed to develop anti-spike IgG antibodies up to two months following vaccination. Disease progression was halted by plasmapheresis, anticoagulation, and immune suppression. We conclude that the vaccine RNA moiety may induce SLE manifesting in APS, cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, and digital necrosis.
{"title":"Pfizer–biontech COVID-19 RNA vaccination induces phosphatidylserine autoantibodies, cryoglobulinemia, and digital necrosis in a patient with pre-existing autoimmunity","authors":"Sandy Nasr, Sara Khalil, Bernard J. Poiesz, Katalin Banki, Andras Perl","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe a 64-year-old Caucasian female with a history of Raynaud's disease, hand arthritis, photosensitivity, Sjogren's syndrome and leukocytoclastic vasculitis who presented with progressively worsening fingertip necrosis that began three days after receiving a first dose of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 RNA vaccine. Our workup revealed cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and IgM antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL) directed against phosphatidylserine (aPL-PS), suggesting a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The patient failed to develop anti-spike IgG antibodies up to two months following vaccination. Disease progression was halted by plasmapheresis, anticoagulation, and immune suppression. We conclude that the vaccine RNA moiety may induce SLE manifesting in APS, cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, and digital necrosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613421000020/pdfft?md5=55cb8b8b399fa6ff5b53e5d1526a6349&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613421000020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91759582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.11.002
C. Germain, J. Garibal, V. Doppler, F. Baran-Marszak, F. Cymbalista, J. Caumartin, P. Langlade‐Demoyen, Maria Wehbe, T. Huet
{"title":"Anti-Telomerase Immune Response Predicts Disease Progression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia","authors":"C. Germain, J. Garibal, V. Doppler, F. Baran-Marszak, F. Cymbalista, J. Caumartin, P. Langlade‐Demoyen, Maria Wehbe, T. Huet","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72947929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.002
L. Mendonça, T. Sih, M. Scheinberg, D. Alvarenga, A. Prado, J. Kalil, L. A. Fonseca, F. Castro, M. Toledo-Barros, A. Livneh
{"title":"Challenges and insights raised by comorbidity with FMF and Selective IgA Deficiency","authors":"L. Mendonça, T. Sih, M. Scheinberg, D. Alvarenga, A. Prado, J. Kalil, L. A. Fonseca, F. Castro, M. Toledo-Barros, A. Livneh","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73805024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.09.001
Victoria Probst, N. Trier, G. Houen
{"title":"Antibodies to cytomegalovirus are elevated in myasthenia gravis","authors":"Victoria Probst, N. Trier, G. Houen","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86527802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.001
G. Rijkers, Frans J van Overveld
{"title":"The “original antigenic sin” and its relevance for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination","authors":"G. Rijkers, Frans J van Overveld","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82662338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-771315/v1
N. Ikewaki, K. Raghavan, V. Dedeepiya, S. Vaddi, M. Iwasaki, S. Preethy, R. Senthilkumar, S. Abraham
Background:Immune system dysregulation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. A balanced immune response is essential to mounting anti-viral defences, and biomarkers such as the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive-protein (LCR) ratio have been reported as potential predictors of immune status. The beneficial immunomodulation effects of a biological response modifier glucan (BRMG) produced by two strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, AFO-202 and N-163, were reported in earlier in vitro studies. In this study, we compared their efficacy on immune-inflammatory parameters in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Methods:This study was performed on four groups of healthy SD rats, with six subjects in each group: Group 1, which was euthanised on Day 0 to obtain baseline values; Group 2, which served as the control (drinking water); Group 3, which received AFO-202 beta glucan at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day; and Group 4, which received N-163 beta glucan at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day. Test solutions were administered to the animals in Groups 2–4 by gavage once daily for 28 consecutive days. Biochemical analyses were conducted on haematological, immunological and inflammatory biomarkers on Days 15 and 29.Results:The NLR decreased, whereas the LCR and leukocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR) increased in Group 3 (AFO-202) at 15 days, but the values were within the normal physiological range only. At 29 days, this difference among the groups was not observed. There were no significant differences between the groups in the other parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, WBC count, CRP, IgA, IL-6, IFN-γ and sFAS.Conclusion:AFO-202 beta glucan helps marginally decrease NLR and increase LCR and LeCR in healthy SD rats within 15 days. This might be beneficial to tackling infections such as COVID-19 that involve immune system dysregulation. These results warrant further investigations in larger numbers of healthy and diseased models to develop appropriate strategies for balancing immune system dysregulation using these beta glucan food supplements with proven safety.
{"title":"Beneficial immune-regulatory effects of novel strains of Aureobasidium pullulans AFO-202 and N-163 produced beta glucans in Sprague Dawley rats","authors":"N. Ikewaki, K. Raghavan, V. Dedeepiya, S. Vaddi, M. Iwasaki, S. Preethy, R. Senthilkumar, S. Abraham","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-771315/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-771315/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background:Immune system dysregulation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. A balanced immune response is essential to mounting anti-viral defences, and biomarkers such as the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive-protein (LCR) ratio have been reported as potential predictors of immune status. The beneficial immunomodulation effects of a biological response modifier glucan (BRMG) produced by two strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, AFO-202 and N-163, were reported in earlier in vitro studies. In this study, we compared their efficacy on immune-inflammatory parameters in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Methods:This study was performed on four groups of healthy SD rats, with six subjects in each group: Group 1, which was euthanised on Day 0 to obtain baseline values; Group 2, which served as the control (drinking water); Group 3, which received AFO-202 beta glucan at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day; and Group 4, which received N-163 beta glucan at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day. Test solutions were administered to the animals in Groups 2–4 by gavage once daily for 28 consecutive days. Biochemical analyses were conducted on haematological, immunological and inflammatory biomarkers on Days 15 and 29.Results:The NLR decreased, whereas the LCR and leukocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR) increased in Group 3 (AFO-202) at 15 days, but the values were within the normal physiological range only. At 29 days, this difference among the groups was not observed. There were no significant differences between the groups in the other parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, WBC count, CRP, IgA, IL-6, IFN-γ and sFAS.Conclusion:AFO-202 beta glucan helps marginally decrease NLR and increase LCR and LeCR in healthy SD rats within 15 days. This might be beneficial to tackling infections such as COVID-19 that involve immune system dysregulation. These results warrant further investigations in larger numbers of healthy and diseased models to develop appropriate strategies for balancing immune system dysregulation using these beta glucan food supplements with proven safety.","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81425705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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