Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90062-2
E.M. Kampouris, C.D. Papaspyrides, C.N. Lekakou
A solvent technique is studied for the recovery of polystyrene (PS) foam waste. The model process proposed ensures removal of any impurities present and comprises dissolution of the starting material, filtering, reprecipitation, thorough washing of the polymer grains obtained and drying. The solvent mixtures involved are separated by distillation for re-use. The following criteria are considered: (a) the rheological behaviour of the PS solutions prepared, (b) the yield of the process of polymer of acceptable grain size and (c) sufficient solvent/non-solvent separation. On the basis of these criteria, methyl ethyl ketone/n-hexane or methanol and p-xylene/n-heptane are suggested as effective solvent/non-solvent systems.
{"title":"A model recovery process for scrap polystyrene foam by means of solvent systems","authors":"E.M. Kampouris, C.D. Papaspyrides, C.N. Lekakou","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90062-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90062-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A solvent technique is studied for the recovery of polystyrene (PS) foam waste. The model process proposed ensures removal of any impurities present and comprises dissolution of the starting material, filtering, reprecipitation, thorough washing of the polymer grains obtained and drying. The solvent mixtures involved are separated by distillation for re-use. The following criteria are considered: (a) the rheological behaviour of the PS solutions prepared, (b) the yield of the process of polymer of acceptable grain size and (c) sufficient solvent/non-solvent separation. On the basis of these criteria, methyl ethyl ketone/<em>n</em>-hexane or methanol and <em>p</em>-xylene/<em>n</em>-heptane are suggested as effective solvent/non-solvent systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90062-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73571616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90127-5
R. Sri Ravindrarajah
{"title":"Utilization of waste concrete for new construction","authors":"R. Sri Ravindrarajah","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90127-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90127-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90127-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72749712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90055-5
Hidetoshi Baba
Pure gold is extracted from crude gold by the solvent extraction method in the recovery and refining process for Noble metals recovered from electronic and other scraps. This solvent extraction method is advantageous in that it facilitates rapid processing, thereby reducing the interest burden of gold staying too long in the unit. Therefore, the method is also used in the refining of platinum and palladium. Technological innovation has created more complex and diversified types of scraps, and efforts are being made to accommodate ourselves to such a trend.
{"title":"An efficient recovery of gold and other noble metals from electronic and other scraps","authors":"Hidetoshi Baba","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90055-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90055-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pure gold is extracted from crude gold by the solvent extraction method in the recovery and refining process for Noble metals recovered from electronic and other scraps. This solvent extraction method is advantageous in that it facilitates rapid processing, thereby reducing the interest burden of gold staying too long in the unit. Therefore, the method is also used in the refining of platinum and palladium. Technological innovation has created more complex and diversified types of scraps, and efforts are being made to accommodate ourselves to such a trend.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90055-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87752021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90005-1
L.C. Mishra, K.K. Singh
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the impact of various concentrations of fertilizer factory effluent on the germination and growth of corn and rice seedlings. The effluent was found to be rich in various solids, biochemical oxygen demand (13013), N+, Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, Co32− and HCO3−, deficient in dissolved oxygen and highly alkaline in nature.
Effluent at low concentrations of 2.5 and 5% (v/v) had no significant effect on seed germination but enhanced the growth and development of seedlings of both test crops. Higher concentrations of effluent, however, reduced seed viability and percentage germination and caused deleterious effects on growth and development.
The greening of the coleoptile was delayed at higher effluent concentrations. The concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl− in the shoot and root systems of control seedlings of corn and rice were similar whereas in effluent-treated seedlings, a relatively high amount of Na+ and low amount of Cl− was found in the roots as compared to the shoots, but the amount of Ca2+ was similar in both.
{"title":"Pollution effects of fertilizer factory effluent on growth and development of corn and rice seedlings","authors":"L.C. Mishra, K.K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90005-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90005-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the impact of various concentrations of fertilizer factory effluent on the germination and growth of corn and rice seedlings. The effluent was found to be rich in various solids, biochemical oxygen demand (13013), N<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, Co<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, deficient in dissolved oxygen and highly alkaline in nature.</p><p>Effluent at low concentrations of 2.5 and 5% (v/v) had no significant effect on seed germination but enhanced the growth and development of seedlings of both test crops. Higher concentrations of effluent, however, reduced seed viability and percentage germination and caused deleterious effects on growth and development.</p><p>The greening of the coleoptile was delayed at higher effluent concentrations. The concentrations of Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> in the shoot and root systems of control seedlings of corn and rice were similar whereas in effluent-treated seedlings, a relatively high amount of Na<sup>+</sup> and low amount of Cl<sup>−</sup> was found in the roots as compared to the shoots, but the amount of Ca<sup>2+</sup> was similar in both.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90005-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91609041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90130-5
Edin Čustović, Günter Fleischer, Roland Kammel, Uwe Lembke
{"title":"Copper recovery from secondary materials in the shaft furnace with used automibile-tire additions","authors":"Edin Čustović, Günter Fleischer, Roland Kammel, Uwe Lembke","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90130-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90130-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90130-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79087584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90058-0
Moritsugu Daido
Toei Chemical Co., Ltd. is one of the enterprises that systematically utilises by-products and industrial wastes. Only a few such enterprises are found in Japan. In our company, the crude fatty acids are recovered from the alkali foots (residual phospholipids) which are generated during the refining process for vegetable fats and oils. Moreover, the crude fatty acids are distilled for production of the soybean fatty acids, rapeseed fatty acids, and so forth. In the case of fractional distillation, simple fatty acids are produced. Also, our company has established a system for recovering vegetable fats and oils from the spent clay generated during the above-mentioned refining process. The system is so reliable that the quality of the vegetable fats and oils complies with JAS standards.
{"title":"A recovery and reuse system for fatty oils from by-products and waste materials of vegetable fatty oil production","authors":"Moritsugu Daido","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90058-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90058-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toei Chemical Co., Ltd. is one of the enterprises that systematically utilises by-products and industrial wastes. Only a few such enterprises are found in Japan. In our company, the crude fatty acids are recovered from the alkali foots (residual phospholipids) which are generated during the refining process for vegetable fats and oils. Moreover, the crude fatty acids are distilled for production of the soybean fatty acids, rapeseed fatty acids, and so forth. In the case of fractional distillation, simple fatty acids are produced. Also, our company has established a system for recovering vegetable fats and oils from the spent clay generated during the above-mentioned refining process. The system is so reliable that the quality of the vegetable fats and oils complies with JAS standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90058-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91011778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90118-4
{"title":"8704638 Filter, in particular for a paint recycling installation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0361-3658(87)90118-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90118-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100327,"journal":{"name":"Conservation & Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0361-3658(87)90118-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138259084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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