EconomiA最新文献

In the present study, our primary concern is to examine the effects of poverty on economic development across the Brazilian States from 1980 to 2015. Many studies assess the effects of economic growth and economic development on poverty incidence, but there is almost no one trying to measure the impact of poverty prevalence on economic development. The results of this paper indicate that poverty incidence is essential in the economic development of the Brazilian States. Poorer Brazilian States have lower income per worker even when controlling for investment in physical capital, human capital stock, and the effective depreciation of capital. The results point to the variables measuring extreme poverty as having more influence on the economic development of the Brazilian States in relation to the variables quantifying poverty.

To illustrate the importance of the regional scale of water uses, this paper identifies the direct and indirect water use of the Sao Paulo State Water Resources Management Units (WRMUs) and the rest of Brazil by focusing on Alto Tiete WRMU. The Alto Tiete WRMU has been suffering from water scarcity and its boundaries are similar to that of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region.

To this aim, a subnational interregional input–output model was estimated with a high degree of disaggregation (83 sectors and 23 regions) and a detailed estimation of water use coefficients that differ not only among sectors but also among the regions was applied. These coefficients also took into account their regions’ endoclimatic characteristics.

The resulting database allows quantifying the water embedded in the goods (virtual water) traded among Alto Tiete WRMU and other regions. The results show that despite its commercial trade surplus, Alto Tiete actually presents a virtual water trade deficit, showing that it exports goods that are less intensive in water use, while importing goods that are more water intensive.

This study provides new insights and a scientific reference for public policies concerned with the management of water resources at the regional scale.

This paper examines the two-way relationship between economic growth and financial development for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The sample consists of 32 emerging and developing countries from LAC spanning the period 1970–2014. Controlling for country and time fixed effects, the first central finding indicates that financial development is not a significant factor driving economic growth. The evidence suggests however that larger government has a robust and significant effect on economic growth. The second key finding is that the effect of economic growth on financial development is not significantly different from zero. Together, these two main findings indicate that the finance–growth link in LAC has been broken over the 1970–2014 period. The empirical results inform economic debates in LAC and highlight the importance of public policy to improve the finance–growth relationship.

This paper puts forward a systematic approach to teaching simple dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models to undergraduates. It proceeds in the following way: first, the structural model of the economy, which includes the households’ and firms’ problems, is presented and progressively solved. We then find the steady state and log-linearized equations of the model. Next, a productivity shock is simulated on the computer so as to tell a “story” about how the economy behaves. Finally, the model is extended by including the government and the foreign sector. We reckon instructors of macroeconomics will find this path useful in teaching their undergraduate students the basics of DSGE models.

In this paper we analyze the impact of hosting the FIFA Soccer World Cup on GDP per capita in a worldwide sample of countries using a transparent statistical methodology for data-driven case studies ⿿ the synthetic control method. Using country level annual-data covering all events occurring in the period between 1978 (Argentina) and 2006 (Germany), we show that the estimated average treatment effect was either zero or negative for all but one of the countries analyzed. Our results, therefore, support the general claim that World Cups are not statistically associated to development and economic growth.

The paper approaches the theme of the relatively higher level of pluralism in Brazilian economics, when compared to other countries, from a bibliometric approach. Considering the Qualis as an instrument of great impact in the research of the Brazilian graduate education centers, mainly because of its impact in the CAPES evaluation of the centers, we analyze the abrupt change in the journal ranking that occurred in 2016. Before presenting it, we first focused in understanding the metrics that are part of the Qualis, and how relevant the biases from other indexes than the Impact Factor are. Afterwards, we present a review of the national literature concerning the academic production in economics, showing how some problems of incentives and structure still persist. We, then, present our results: we found out that the increase of journals in the higher strata of the Qualis without a research agenda bias, and with a great inclusion of specialized sub-fields of the discipline. Besides, the impact that this change will cause in the 2017 CAPES’ evaluation cannot be seen as favoring centers by their division in mainstream and non-mainstream. Having this in mind, we argue that the modifications maintain incentives to pluralism, besides correcting many problems in the ranking.

The development of academic economics in Brazil received a major boost during the 1960s, when US institutions such as USAID and the Ford Foundation began to fund the first graduate programs in the field. An important moment occurred in 1973 with the creation of ANPEC, the national association responsible for promoting institutional interaction among the fledgling research centers. The paper explores material from the period 1964–74 held at the Ford Foundation archives, shedding some light on the conflicting motivations behind the creation of ANPEC, and indicating how the association affected the future course of the economics profession in Brazil.

This paper aims to investigate the level of main “fundamental variables” of the Brazilian economy: rate of profit, surplus value, composition of capital, vertically integrated labor composition and productiveness. Using the national accounting system of 2009, Inverse Matrix of Leontief and Vertical Integration of Capital and Labor, by Pasinetti, the current investigation analyzes the level of competitiveness of Brazilian economy. The estimations cover a set of 53 productive sectors and it is designed to rank those sectors depending on their competitiveness. Final objective is to execute an analysis, from classical economic theory, that analyzes behavior between price and values, as well as, variation measurement and deviation.

This paper uses a dataset from one of the largest credit card issuers in Brazil to investigate the extent of credit constraints for one of the world's largest emerging market economies. In order to deal with the endogeneity problem from an observational dataset, an identification strategy based on the issuer actual policies was used to better identify the long run effects of a credit card limit increase on debt. The results point to a long run effect of credit limit on credit card debts of 0.1144, a similar size to the ones found in Gross and Souleles (2001). This value indicates the Permanent Income Hypothesis is rejected for this sample, and some evidence supporting a variation of buffer stock behavior is found. Furthermore, results indicate the degree of heterogeneity in effects is much higher than similar results for developed countries, lending credence to the conclusion credit constraints are much stronger for lower income groups. This conclusion is in line to previous studies in Brazil, such as de Lucinda and Vieira (2014).

We have witnessed increasing concerns about the impacts of food safety standards on agricultural trade. This paper explores how Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures affect Vietnam’s rice exports. Using different estimation methods to handle overdispersion and zero trade flows for data of Vietnam’s rice exports to 20 major importing countries over the period 2000–2015 based on gravity model, the results show that, although GDP, population, distance and production are still vital factors, the SPS measures imposed by importing countries have significant impacts on Vietnam’s rice export. The findings suggest that importers implementing SPS measures have experienced considerably lower trade with Vietnam compared to importers that do not use a phytosanitary treatment. However, this effect decreases when income of importers increases.