In relation with the structured pattern of crime today, and owing to the evolution observed among sciences and techniques, the legal system more and more frequently requires expert advice in numerous criminal cases with increasing technicality. The expert and the investigating officer appear to be of equal importance regarding the advices on which the judge bases both his evidence appreciation and his judgement when giving a ruling on a suspect's potential culpability.
The number of measures and regulations related to the increased risk of transmission of infections during hospital treatment has grown exponentially over the past twenty years. The alarming nature of nosocomial infections related to such risk has led to the creation of committees specifically aimed at fighting the risk of nosocomial infection. The recrudescence of infectious diseases is due to several factors: occurrence of new diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and increased number of debilitating conditions with intercurrent effects and, as a corollary, in subjects with lowered resistance. The therapeutic environment concerning the oral sphere is a major domain for the prevention of nosocomial infections. Today, numerous hygiene measures enable such problems to be controlled. In odontology, the practitioner, the dental prosthesis laboratory and the designers are equally involved. In his chapter, this subject is discussed not only in an overall manner to give an overview of the inseparable aspects of the problem, but also to convince the reader of its necessity. The process as a whole is aimed at eliminating the risk of cross infection related to the potential existence of reservoirs of micro-organisms and transmission pathways. In addition to the implementation of disinfection, sterilization and antisepsis procedures, knowledge, understanding and application of asepsis rules are expected to achieve protection of exposed subjects.
The 2002-2003 act of March 4, 2002 on patients' rights and on the compensation of victims of medical events has deeply changed the code of health. As a result of this legislative upheaval, a new mode of settlement of medical contentious affairs has been established. Following a rapid review of the principal points of this law, the application which is the most concrete for all actors of the French health system is presented. The final part of the chapter will review the problems specifically related to odonto-stomatology.
In this article, two different palatal implant systems are described. Topics specifically covered include pretreatment diagnostic aids, treatment planning, implant placement, clinical uses, orthodontic mechanics, implant removal, and complications.
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