Conventional capacitive deionization (CDI), originally developed as a promising desalination technique based on the formation of electric double layers (EDLs) at the surface of porous electrodes, has recently shown significant advancements. Notably, the utilization of pseudocapacitive electrodes has demonstrated the capability to enhance salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and selectivity of specific ions. This comprehensive review encapsulates the latest research endeavored in CDI, with an emphasis on electrode materials and their role in augmenting SAC. The development of electrode materials has broadened the scope of CDI applications on the water and wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Hence, we also evaluated the manifold applications of CDI, including resource recovery (e.g., lithium, phosphate and nitrate), anion removal (e.g., fluoride, sulfate, chromium and arsenic), water softening, and the removal of heavy metals (e.g., nickel, cesium, lead, copper, cadmium and chromium) in addition to the water desalination. Lastly, we provide a forward-looking perspective on forthcoming research directions and potential developments within the realm of CDI technology.
{"title":"Recent advances in the fixed-electrode capacitive deionization (CDI): Innovations in electrode materials and applications","authors":"Zhao Song , Yidi Chen , Nanqi Ren , Xiaoguang Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional capacitive deionization (CDI), originally developed as a promising desalination technique based on the formation of electric double layers (EDLs) at the surface of porous electrodes, has recently shown significant advancements. Notably, the utilization of pseudocapacitive electrodes has demonstrated the capability to enhance salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and selectivity of specific ions. This comprehensive review encapsulates the latest research endeavored in CDI, with an emphasis on electrode materials and their role in augmenting SAC. The development of electrode materials has broadened the scope of CDI applications on the water and wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Hence, we also evaluated the manifold applications of CDI, including resource recovery (e.g., lithium, phosphate and nitrate), anion removal (e.g., fluoride, sulfate, chromium and arsenic), water softening, and the removal of heavy metals (e.g., nickel, cesium, lead, copper, cadmium and chromium) in addition to the water desalination. Lastly, we provide a forward-looking perspective on forthcoming research directions and potential developments within the realm of CDI technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 290-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as promising materials for efficient environmental remediation due to their unique properties and high catalytic efficiency. The incorporation of non-metal p-block elements into the SACs framework imparts distinct electronic and chemical properties, holding promise toward highly selective catalysis. This review provides fundamentals and strategies for tailoring the microenvironments of SACs with non-metal p-block elements toward selective environmental processes. Significantly, a bridge between the doping elements and catalytic selectivity is built by exploring the impacts of their characteristics on the geometric and electronic structures of SACs, including bulk physicochemical properties, local electronic effects, and adsorption configuration and intensity of intermediates. In-depth explorations of how these elements’ incorporation affects the performance of SACs are presented for the selective generation of H2O2 via oxygen reduction, selective generation of radicals via persulfate (PS)-based advanced oxidation processes, and selective reduction of CO2. Challenges and opportunities associated with tailoring the microenvironments of SACs are finally discussed. This review will help guide the rational design of SACs with superior performance for selective environmental processes to better deal with environmental concerns.
{"title":"Tailoring microenvironments of single-atom catalysts with non-metal p-block elements for selective environmental processes","authors":"Yue Chen , Xunheng Jiang , Jiang Xu , Daohui Lin , Xinhua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as promising materials for efficient environmental remediation due to their unique properties and high catalytic efficiency. The incorporation of non-metal <em>p</em>-block elements into the SACs framework imparts distinct electronic and chemical properties, holding promise toward highly selective catalysis. This review provides fundamentals and strategies for tailoring the microenvironments of SACs with non-metal <em>p</em>-block elements toward selective environmental processes. Significantly, a bridge between the doping elements and catalytic selectivity is built by exploring the impacts of their characteristics on the geometric and electronic structures of SACs, including bulk physicochemical properties, local electronic effects, and adsorption configuration and intensity of intermediates. In-depth explorations of how these elements’ incorporation affects the performance of SACs are presented for the selective generation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> via oxygen reduction, selective generation of radicals via persulfate (PS)-based advanced oxidation processes, and selective reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. Challenges and opportunities associated with tailoring the microenvironments of SACs are finally discussed. This review will help guide the rational design of SACs with superior performance for selective environmental processes to better deal with environmental concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 275-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91234521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The addition of conductive materials to promote anaerobic digestion (AD) via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has been attracted extensive attention, whereas seldom focused on the effect of co-pyrolysis biochar on sewage sludge AD. Here, a novel co-pyrolysis biochar derived from oil sludge and wheat straw was successfully applied in improving methane production. Experimental results suggested that the co-pyrolysis of wheat straw with oil sludge would increase the surface area of biochar, benefited for the methane production improvement. As high as 144.05 mL (g VS) −1 accumulative methane productivity and fast volatile fatty acids (VFAs) mainly acetic acids degradation rate was detected under the optimal operational condition with 1.6 g BC25 % (wheat straw: oil sludge = 1:3) additive. Generally, the strong electron accepting capacity (71.8 μmol e− g−1) and donating capacity (27.5 μmol e− g−1) resulted from magnetic features and oxygen containing functional groups of co-pyrolysis biochar facilitated DIET process for boosting methane yield. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis biochar supplied sufficient trace elements (Ni, Cu and Zn) for activating the coenzyme F420, protease and electron transport system for accelerating methane yield. Microbial and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways were both promoted due to the enrichment of archaea including Methanothrix, Methanobacterium, and Methanomassiliicoccus, as well as the typical bacteria of Chloroflexi. The fundamental understanding of underlying mechanisms is critical for the practical application of co-pyrolysis biochar in AD field.
导电性材料通过直接种间电子转移（DIET）促进厌氧消化（AD）已引起广泛关注，而共热解生物炭对污泥厌氧消化（AD）的影响研究较少。本文以油泥和麦秸为原料制备了一种新型的共热解生物炭，成功地应用于提高甲烷产量。实验结果表明，麦秸与油泥共热解可以增加生物炭的表面积，有利于提高甲烷产量。在最佳操作条件下，添加1.6 g BC25 %（麦秸：油泥= 1:3）的添加剂，可检测到高达144.05 mL (g VS)−1的累积甲烷产率和以醋酸为主的快速挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）降解率。总的来说，共热解生物炭的磁性特征和含氧官能团所产生的强电子接受能力（71.8 μmol e−g−1）和给电子能力（27.5 μmol e−g−1）有利于DIET工艺提高甲烷产率。此外，共热解生物炭提供了足够的微量元素（Ni、Cu和Zn）来激活辅酶F420、蛋白酶和电子传递系统，从而加速甲烷的生成。微生物学和京都基因基因组百科（KEGG）分析表明，甲烷菌（Methanothrix）、甲烷细菌（Methanobacterium）和甲烷杆菌（Methanomassiliicoccus）等古菌以及氯氟菌（Chloroflexi）的典型细菌的富集，促进了乙酰分解和氢营养途径。对生物炭共热解机理的基本认识对于生物炭在AD领域的实际应用至关重要。
{"title":"Enhancement of biogas production from sludge anaerobic digestion via supplementing magnetic co-pyrolysis biochar: Dosage response and syntrophic metabolism","authors":"Likui Feng, Huizhi Mu, Lingxin Zhao, Shufei He, Yu Liu, Zhelu Gao, Tianyi Hu, Qingliang Zhao, Liangliang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of conductive materials to promote anaerobic digestion (AD) via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has been attracted extensive attention, whereas seldom focused on the effect of co-pyrolysis biochar on sewage sludge AD. Here, a novel co-pyrolysis biochar derived from oil sludge and wheat straw was successfully applied in improving methane production. Experimental results suggested that the co-pyrolysis of wheat straw with oil sludge would increase the surface area of biochar, benefited for the methane production improvement. As high as 144.05 mL (g VS) <sup>−1</sup> accumulative methane productivity and fast volatile fatty acids (VFAs) mainly acetic acids degradation rate was detected under the optimal operational condition with 1.6 g BC25 % (wheat straw: oil sludge = 1:3) additive. Generally, the strong electron accepting capacity (71.8 μmol e<sup>−</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and donating capacity (27.5 μmol e<sup>−</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) resulted from magnetic features and oxygen containing functional groups of co-pyrolysis biochar facilitated DIET process for boosting methane yield. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis biochar supplied sufficient trace elements (Ni, Cu and Zn) for activating the coenzyme F420, protease and electron transport system for accelerating methane yield. Microbial and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways were both promoted due to the enrichment of archaea including <em>Methanothrix</em>, <em>Methanobacterium</em>, and <em>Methanomassiliicoccus</em>, as well as the typical bacteria of <em>Chloroflexi</em>. The fundamental understanding of underlying mechanisms is critical for the practical application of co-pyrolysis biochar in AD field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The regulation of nitrite levels in potable water is primarily motivated by the potential for excessive amounts to induce methemoglobinemia, which is also referred to as blue baby syndrome. Human and industrial activities generate and release nitrite-containing wastewater into water bodies, thereby endangering ecosystem health and contaminating water sources. Biosorption is an alternative and environmentally beneficial method of wastewater treatment. These methods have several advantages over conventional methods, including their cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and reusability. This study investigates the viability of utilizing guava leaf, neem leaf, orange peel, banana peel, and custard apple leaf as bio-sorbents for the removal of nitrite from contaminated water. One hundred percent removal efficiency is the result of this endeavor. Following an examination of all six bio-sorbents, it was observed that the guava leaf bio-sorbents exhibited the most effective performance in the removal of nitrite from water. Additionally, the impacts of various parameters including contact duration, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature are also investigated. Additionally, prior to utilization, the biomass may undergo physical and chemical modifications. To enhance the analysis of each bio-sorbent, a range of characterization techniques are utilized, including XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and BET analysis. Economic feasibility can be achieved by regenerating and reprocessing the bio-sorbent subsequent to the nitrites removal process.
{"title":"Invasive lignocellulose-based plants bio-sorbents for the elimination of nitrites of emerging concern from water","authors":"Subhashish Dey, Ganugula Taraka Naga Veerendra, Akula Venkata Phani Manoj, Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya Babu Padavala","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regulation of nitrite levels in potable water is primarily motivated by the potential for excessive amounts to induce methemoglobinemia, which is also referred to as blue baby syndrome. Human and industrial activities generate and release nitrite-containing wastewater into water bodies, thereby endangering ecosystem health and contaminating water sources. Biosorption is an alternative and environmentally beneficial method of wastewater treatment. These methods have several advantages over conventional methods, including their cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and reusability. This study investigates the viability of utilizing guava leaf, neem leaf, orange peel, banana peel, and custard apple leaf as bio-sorbents for the removal of nitrite from contaminated water. One hundred percent removal efficiency is the result of this endeavor. Following an examination of all six bio-sorbents, it was observed that the guava leaf bio-sorbents exhibited the most effective performance in the removal of nitrite from water. Additionally, the impacts of various parameters including contact duration, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature are also investigated. Additionally, prior to utilization, the biomass may undergo physical and chemical modifications. To enhance the analysis of each bio-sorbent, a range of characterization techniques are utilized, including XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and BET analysis. Economic feasibility can be achieved by regenerating and reprocessing the bio-sorbent subsequent to the nitrites removal process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 255-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.001
Andrew Kasumba Buyondo , Hillary Kasedde , John Baptist Kirabira , Ocident Bongomin
This study investigates the impact of thermal treatment at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1050 °C and chemical treatment using (COOH)2·2H2O and Al2(MoO4)3 at concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.05 M, and 0.1 M. The modified kaolin samples’ pH, oil adsorption capacity, refractive index, specific gravity, and viscosity were examined. Comprehensive analyses were performed to characterize the modified kaolin samples. The spectrum results revealed dealumination, with a corresponding increase in silicon content due to chemical treatment, while the aluminum content decreased compared to thermal treatment results. As observed with the calcined kaolin sample, a significant portion of the OH stretch groups vanished with disappearance stretches along the bands at 1229.6 and 1009.2 cm−1, corresponding to Si–O stretching vibrations. The specific gravity of calcined kaolin was observed to be relatively lower than TiO2. Furthermore, the obtained pH of 4.0 or lower, or a pH of 9.0 or higher, is classified as corrosive. The ideal temperature range for achieving optimal oil absorption lies within the 800 °C–900 °C range, where metakaolin properties favor effective oil uptake. The chemical concentration had a notable impact on the dispersion of kaolin powders, in contrast to calcined kaolin. At 800 °C, calcined kaolin attained an almost ideal refractive index for water-based paints, closely aligning with the refractive index of water.
{"title":"Effects of thermal and chemical modification on the physical properties of Ugandan Mutaka Kaolin","authors":"Andrew Kasumba Buyondo , Hillary Kasedde , John Baptist Kirabira , Ocident Bongomin","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of thermal treatment at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1050 °C and chemical treatment using (COOH)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and Al<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> at concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.05 M, and 0.1 M. The modified kaolin samples’ pH, oil adsorption capacity, refractive index, specific gravity, and viscosity were examined. Comprehensive analyses were performed to characterize the modified kaolin samples. The spectrum results revealed dealumination, with a corresponding increase in silicon content due to chemical treatment, while the aluminum content decreased compared to thermal treatment results. As observed with the calcined kaolin sample, a significant portion of the OH stretch groups vanished with disappearance stretches along the bands at 1229.6 and 1009.2 cm<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to Si–O stretching vibrations. The specific gravity of calcined kaolin was observed to be relatively lower than TiO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the obtained pH of 4.0 or lower, or a pH of 9.0 or higher, is classified as corrosive. The ideal temperature range for achieving optimal oil absorption lies within the 800 °C–900 °C range, where metakaolin properties favor effective oil uptake. The chemical concentration had a notable impact on the dispersion of kaolin powders, in contrast to calcined kaolin. At 800 °C, calcined kaolin attained an almost ideal refractive index for water-based paints, closely aligning with the refractive index of water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.efmat.2024.01.002
B. Avinash , C.R. Ravikumar , N. Basavaraju , Buzuayehu Abebe , T. Naveen Kumar , S.N. Manjula , H.C. Ananda Murthy
The nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) was produced utilizing a bio-combustion process with Aloe vera latex extract (Avle) as the fuel. The XRD method proved the nanocrystalline nature and phase of ZnO. The Kubelka-Monk (K-M) function was used to analyze the DRS-UV-vis spectrum, and the results revealed that ZnO has a band gap of 2.79 eV. When utilized to evaluate the photo-degradation capabilities of ZnO, the acid red-88 (AR-88) dye was found to be activated at 500 nm. After 120 min of exposure to UV radiation, the AR-88 dye's photodegradation rate reduced its hue by up to 75.8%. A carbon paste electrode that had been enhanced with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) was used to detect paracetamol and D-glucose in a 1 M KOH solution. The result of the cyclic voltammetry points to the excellent electrochemical qualities of ZnO NPs. ZnO electrode material was found to have a proton diffusion coefficient of 9.30 × 10−5cm2s−1. ZnO is a decent electrode catalyst for sensing chemicals like paracetamol and glucose, according to its electrochemical behavior.
以芦荟乳胶提取物（Avle）为燃料，采用生物燃烧法制备纳米氧化锌（ZnO）。XRD方法证实了ZnO的纳米晶性质和物相。利用Kubelka-Monk （K-M）函数对ZnO的DRS-UV-vis光谱进行分析，结果表明ZnO的带隙为2.79 eV。当用于评价氧化锌的光降解能力时，发现酸性红-88 （AR-88）染料在500 nm处被激活。在紫外线照射120分钟后，AR-88染料的光降解率降低了75.8%。采用ZnO纳米粒子增强的碳糊电极在1 M KOH溶液中检测扑热息痛和d -葡萄糖。循环伏安法的结果表明ZnO纳米粒子具有优异的电化学性能。ZnO电极材料的质子扩散系数为9.30 × 10−5cm2s−1。根据其电化学行为，ZnO是感应化学物质如扑热息痛和葡萄糖的良好电极催化剂。
{"title":"Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Its photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor for the determination of paracetamol and D-glucose","authors":"B. Avinash , C.R. Ravikumar , N. Basavaraju , Buzuayehu Abebe , T. Naveen Kumar , S.N. Manjula , H.C. Ananda Murthy","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) was produced utilizing a bio-combustion process with <em>Aloe vera latex extract (Avle)</em> as the fuel. The XRD method proved the nanocrystalline nature and phase of ZnO. The Kubelka-Monk (K-M) function was used to analyze the DRS-UV-vis spectrum, and the results revealed that ZnO has a band gap of 2.79 eV. When utilized to evaluate the photo-degradation capabilities of ZnO, the acid red-88 (AR-88) dye was found to be activated at 500 nm. After 120 min of exposure to UV radiation, the AR-88 dye's photodegradation rate reduced its hue by up to 75.8%. A carbon paste electrode that had been enhanced with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) was used to detect paracetamol and D-glucose in a 1 M KOH solution. The result of the cyclic voltammetry points to the excellent electrochemical qualities of ZnO NPs. ZnO electrode material was found to have a proton diffusion coefficient of 9.30 × 10<sup>−5</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>. ZnO is a decent electrode catalyst for sensing chemicals like paracetamol and glucose, according to its electrochemical behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.efmat.2023.09.001
Wenjie Gao , Guanyun Wu , Xu He , Zhanjun Cheng , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen , Ning Li
The construction of desired active sites is critical for enhanced activity in heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems. In view of the shortcomings of the current construction methods, such as low precision and harsh conditions, CoOx@KSB catalysts were precisely prepared at the atomic level using atomic layer deposition in this study. Using alkali-modified sludge biochar (KSB) as a feedstock, two different deposition processes were proposed to investigate the preparation pattern on the treatment efficiency of landfill leachate. Results showed that the small-cycle layer-by-layer deposition (B process) not only preserved the original N sites of the catalyst after 150 depositions, but also obtained satisfactory Co2+. Under the optimal experimental conditions, KSB-B150 degraded more than 90% of SMX within 120 min. After 8 h of continuous operation in the packed column reactor, the COD concentration of the effluent landfill leachate was still below 100 mg/L, and the biotoxicity of the effluent was reduced to 0.41 times of the original. The Co2+, OV and graphite N sites could generate SO4•− and •OH, which played dominant roles in SMX degradation. This study provides a new strategy for constructing active sites in heterogeneous PMS system. It is beneficial to promote the application of heterogeneous advanced oxidation technology in landfill leachate treatment.
{"title":"Precise preparation of CoOx@KSB catalysts by atomic layer deposition for peroxymonosulfate activation and landfill leachate treatment","authors":"Wenjie Gao , Guanyun Wu , Xu He , Zhanjun Cheng , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen , Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of desired active sites is critical for enhanced activity in heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems. In view of the shortcomings of the current construction methods, such as low precision and harsh conditions, CoO<sub><em>x</em></sub>@KSB catalysts were precisely prepared at the atomic level using atomic layer deposition in this study. Using alkali-modified sludge biochar (KSB) as a feedstock, two different deposition processes were proposed to investigate the preparation pattern on the treatment efficiency of landfill leachate. Results showed that the small-cycle layer-by-layer deposition (B process) not only preserved the original N sites of the catalyst after 150 depositions, but also obtained satisfactory Co<sup>2+</sup>. Under the optimal experimental conditions, KSB-B150 degraded more than 90% of SMX within 120 min. After 8 h of continuous operation in the packed column reactor, the COD concentration of the effluent landfill leachate was still below 100 mg/L, and the biotoxicity of the effluent was reduced to 0.41 times of the original. The Co<sup>2+</sup>, O<sub>V</sub> and graphite N sites could generate SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup> and •OH, which played dominant roles in SMX degradation. This study provides a new strategy for constructing active sites in heterogeneous PMS system. It is beneficial to promote the application of heterogeneous advanced oxidation technology in landfill leachate treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UiO-66, as a kind of classic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), was foreseen as one of the most promising MOF materials for practical water purification, benefiting from its merits of rich pores, super-huge specific surface area, outstanding stability, intriguing properties and functions. Recently, to further enhance the applications of UiO-66-based materials in water environmental restoration, series effective strategies including functional modification, defect engineering, construction of UiO-66-based composites and membranes, had captured widespread interests by researchers. In this review, the recent advances in both various design strategies and corresponding structure-property relationships in wastewater treatment were summarized. The different design strategies induced particular applications, involving environmental catalysis, adsorption and fluorescent sensing detection, had been clarified with typical works. Moreover, the mechanisms and corresponding proof-of-concept techniques were also reviewed in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects of UiO-66 based functional materials including the pristine UiO-66 and its derivatives/composites for pollutants removal and sensing detection were proposed.
{"title":"UiO-66(Zr)-based functional materials for water purification: An updated review","authors":"Yu-Hang Li, Chong-Chen Wang, Xiao-Hong Yi, Hong-Yu Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UiO-66, as a kind of classic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), was foreseen as one of the most promising MOF materials for practical water purification, benefiting from its merits of rich pores, super-huge specific surface area, outstanding stability, intriguing properties and functions. Recently, to further enhance the applications of UiO-66-based materials in water environmental restoration, series effective strategies including functional modification, defect engineering, construction of UiO-66-based composites and membranes, had captured widespread interests by researchers. In this review, the recent advances in both various design strategies and corresponding structure-property relationships in wastewater treatment were summarized. The different design strategies induced particular applications, involving environmental catalysis, adsorption and fluorescent sensing detection, had been clarified with typical works. Moreover, the mechanisms and corresponding proof-of-concept techniques were also reviewed in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects of UiO-66 based functional materials including the pristine UiO-66 and its derivatives/composites for pollutants removal and sensing detection were proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 93-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139821750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.efmat.2024.02.002
Esther Aroje Anakhu , Victor Idankpo Ameh , Helen Uchenna Modekwe , Olusola Olaitan Ayeleru , Ishmael Matala Ramatsa
Industrial effluents contain hazardous combinations of suspended particulates and dissolved solids in various ratios; the wastewater from cementitious material production activities is no exception. Since heavy metals seriously threaten environmental and human health, developing effective and economical removal techniques is imperative. Due to its efficiency and effectiveness in absorbing heavy metals, biochar has attracted research attention. Therefore, this study used modified biochar from Vitex doniana seeds to remove cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in cement-producing activities area surface water. The enhancement and functionalization of the modified Vitex doniana seed biochar (MVDS) over the Vitex doniana seed biochar (VDS) were characterized using SEM-EDX, proximate analysis, FTIR, and BET. In the first 60 min of adsorption experiments, the MVDS biochar performed best, with an 85.0% removal efficiency and a 338.6 mg g−1 total cadmium adsorption capacity, whereas the first 45 min revealed an 84.1% removal efficiency and a 328.0 mg g−1 total chromium adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was more multilayer heterogeneous from the isotherm studies, which is evident in the best fitting of the Freundlich model compared to the Temkin and Langmuir models. Additionally, the Pseudo Second order (PSO) kinetic model provided the best explanation for the adsorption process, and the thermodynamics investigation confirmed the viability and spontaneity of the process. The modified biochar from Vitex doniana waste plant seeds successfully removed cadmium and chromium from surface water and can be used for water treatment.
{"title":"Remediation of cadmium and chromium using modified Vitex doniana waste plant Seed's biochar in quarry site surface water","authors":"Esther Aroje Anakhu , Victor Idankpo Ameh , Helen Uchenna Modekwe , Olusola Olaitan Ayeleru , Ishmael Matala Ramatsa","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial effluents contain hazardous combinations of suspended particulates and dissolved solids in various ratios; the wastewater from cementitious material production activities is no exception. Since heavy metals seriously threaten environmental and human health, developing effective and economical removal techniques is imperative. Due to its efficiency and effectiveness in absorbing heavy metals, biochar has attracted research attention. Therefore, this study used modified biochar from Vitex doniana seeds to remove cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in cement-producing activities area surface water. The enhancement and functionalization of the modified Vitex doniana seed biochar (MVDS) over the Vitex doniana seed biochar (VDS) were characterized using SEM-EDX, proximate analysis, FTIR, and BET. In the first 60 min of adsorption experiments, the MVDS biochar performed best, with an 85.0% removal efficiency and a 338.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup> total cadmium adsorption capacity, whereas the first 45 min revealed an 84.1% removal efficiency and a 328.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup> total chromium adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was more multilayer heterogeneous from the isotherm studies, which is evident in the best fitting of the Freundlich model compared to the Temkin and Langmuir models. Additionally, the Pseudo Second order (PSO) kinetic model provided the best explanation for the adsorption process, and the thermodynamics investigation confirmed the viability and spontaneity of the process. The modified biochar from Vitex doniana waste plant seeds successfully removed cadmium and chromium from surface water and can be used for water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 178-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In contrast to other ZnO and NiO-based sensors, ZnO, NiO, and Ni-ZnO-based sensors were fabricated for this work in order to enhance CO2 gas sensing properties at various concentrations. Nanomaterials were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. XRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and EDS were used to examine the structures, morphology, optical characteristics, rotational and vibrational frequencies, transmittance, and elemental content of the nanomaterials. Investigation findings revealed that the sensor response increased with the increase in CO2 concentration. The typical response of a Ni-ZnO-based CO2 gas sensor for various concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm) was investigated using the Keithley electrometer sensing set-up. Different sensing parameters (response time, recovery time, sensitivity) were estimated at ambient temperature for all three fabricated sensors and the result/sensitivity of the sensors was 0.0024, 0.0025 and 0.003 sensor response ppm-1 for ZnO, NiO, and Ni-ZnO respectively at 500 ppm. This result indicates that the sensors based on nanomaterials show good sensing parameters. All the fabricated sensors show a response time ranging from 14 s to 41 s, and a recovery time between 15 s and 44 s. The mechanism of sensing behind all the fabricated sensors, which are based on nanomaterials for CO2 gas at various concentrations and at ambient temperatures is briefly discussed in this present report.
{"title":"Environment-sensitive and fast room temperature CO2 gas sensor based on ZnO, NiO and Ni-ZnO nanocomposite materials","authors":"Vaibhava Kumar , Ajeet Singh , Bal Chandra Yadav , Hemant Kumar Singh , Deep Prakash Singh , Sandip Kumar Singh , Navin Chaurasiya","doi":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.efmat.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contrast to other ZnO and NiO-based sensors, ZnO, NiO, and Ni-ZnO-based sensors were fabricated for this work in order to enhance CO<sub>2</sub> gas sensing properties at various concentrations. Nanomaterials were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. XRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and EDS were used to examine the structures, morphology, optical characteristics, rotational and vibrational frequencies, transmittance, and elemental content of the nanomaterials. Investigation findings revealed that the sensor response increased with the increase in CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The typical response of a Ni-ZnO-based CO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor for various concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm) was investigated using the Keithley electrometer sensing set-up. Different sensing parameters (response time, recovery time, sensitivity) were estimated at ambient temperature for all three fabricated sensors and the result/sensitivity of the sensors was 0.0024, 0.0025 and 0.003 sensor response ppm-1 for ZnO, NiO, and Ni-ZnO respectively at 500 ppm. This result indicates that the sensors based on nanomaterials show good sensing parameters. All the fabricated sensors show a response time ranging from 14 s to 41 s, and a recovery time between 15 s and 44 s. The mechanism of sensing behind all the fabricated sensors, which are based on nanomaterials for CO<sub>2</sub> gas at various concentrations and at ambient temperatures is briefly discussed in this present report.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100481,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Functional Materials","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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