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Editor's corner 编辑器的角落
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110302
Michael A. West
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引用次数: 0
Adapting stream corridor restoration technology to training land rehabilitation and maintenance 将河道廊道修复技术应用于训练土地修复与维护
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110305
Ronald W. Tuttle

The United States has more than 3.5 million miles of rivers and streams that, along with closely associated floodplain and upland areas, comprise corridors of great economic, social, cultural, and environmental value. These corridors support higher rates of biological productivity than almost any other landscape feature. They also contribute significantly to each military installation's unique character. Interest in restoring stream corridor ecosystems is expanding rapidly in the United States. With this in mind, 15 federal agencies formed the Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group in 1995 to seek consensus on the fundamentals of modern approaches to stream restoration and to promote awareness and use of these methods throughout the nation. This unprecedented collaboration produced a comprehensive publication, entitled Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, which has begun to serve as a foundation of stream corridor restoration knowledge and practice nationwide. Attention to these aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is a common theme of both Integrated Training Area Management (ITAM) program and stream corridor restoration. ITAM is the Army's strategy for focusing on sustained use of training and testing lands. Cross-program innovation and field-tested stream restoration methods can combine to provide greater sustainability for Department of Defense maneuver areas and ranges over both the short and long term.

美国有350多万英里的河流和溪流,以及与之紧密相连的洪泛平原和高地地区,构成了具有巨大经济、社会、文化和环境价值的走廊。这些廊道支持的生物生产力比几乎任何其他景观特征都要高。它们也为每个军事设施的独特特征做出了重大贡献。在美国,对恢复河流走廊生态系统的兴趣正在迅速扩大。考虑到这一点,15个联邦机构于1995年成立了联邦跨部门河流恢复工作组,就现代河流恢复方法的基本原理寻求共识,并在全国范围内提高对这些方法的认识和使用。这种前所未有的合作产生了一份全面的出版物,题为“河流走廊恢复:原则,过程和实践”,它已经开始成为全国河流走廊恢复知识和实践的基础。关注这些水生和陆地生态系统是综合训练区管理(ITAM)计划和河流走廊恢复的共同主题。ITAM是陆军专注于持续使用训练和测试用地的战略。跨项目创新和现场测试的流恢复方法可以结合在一起,为国防部的机动区域和范围提供更大的可持续性,无论是短期还是长期。
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引用次数: 0
Restoring watershed health: Peacetime military contributions and federalwide agency implications 恢复流域健康:和平时期军事贡献和联邦机构影响
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110308
Diane C. Drigot

Environmental impacts of peacetime military training are under heightened scrutiny by outspoken publics all over the world. Public environmental concerns are increasingly linked to sociocultural well-being and economic vitality in affected communities. Demonstrating leadership in environmental stewardship in this broader community context is essential for the military to ensure continuing public support of its mission in a post-Cold War era. Federal land management agencies are mandated to follow an ecosystem approach to resource management, such as a watershed approach to Clean Water Act compliance. This provides promising opportunities for military installations to link peacetime activities with host community well-being. The transdisciplinary basis and policy frameworks for this approach are reviewed. Examples from Marine Corps Base Hawaii are described. Use of this approach by other resource management agencies facing similar challenges is encouraged.

和平时期军事训练对环境的影响受到世界各地直言不讳的公众的高度关注。公众对环境的关切日益与受影响社区的社会文化福祉和经济活力联系在一起。在更广泛的社区背景下,在环境管理方面发挥领导作用,对于军方在后冷战时代确保公众继续支持其使命至关重要。联邦土地管理机构被授权采用生态系统方法进行资源管理,例如采用流域方法来遵守《清洁水法》。这为军事设施将和平时期的活动与东道社区的福利联系起来提供了很好的机会。回顾了这一方法的跨学科基础和政策框架。以夏威夷海军陆战队基地为例进行了描述。鼓励面临类似挑战的其他资源管理机构采用这一办法。
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引用次数: 3
The clean air act section 112(r) risk management plans: Compliance requirements and alternatives 清洁空气法第112(r)条风险管理计划:合规要求和替代方案
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330090309
David Reed

Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 included significant compliance provisions for facilities to manage chemical process risk. The regulation promulgated by EPA, commonly referred to as the “Risk Management Plan” rule, will require a substantial fiscal, experiential, and human resource investment for installations that are required to comply. Primarily, most military installations that have to comply will do so for water disinfection or propane storage. In addition to regulatory liability, Section 112(r) rules also have a significant public affairs and facility security aspect. This article reviews the regulation to point out compliance challenges and presents methods for reducing or eliminating the need to be subject to the rule by employing safer, smarter business practices.

1990年《清洁空气法修正案》第112(r)条包含了管理化学过程风险的重要合规规定。EPA颁布的法规,通常被称为“风险管理计划”规则,将需要大量的财政、经验和人力资源投资,以满足要求。首先,大多数必须遵守的军事设施将用于水消毒或丙烷储存。除了监管责任外,第112(r)条规则还具有重要的公共事务和设施安全方面。本文回顾了该规则,指出了遵从性挑战,并提出了通过采用更安全、更智能的业务实践来减少或消除遵守该规则的必要性的方法。
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引用次数: 0
DOE initiatives. New knowledge to improve the effectiveness and lower the costs and risks of cleanup 美国能源部计划。提高效率、降低清理成本和风险的新知识
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330090315
James M. Owendoff
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引用次数: 0
Talking points for forbes magazine and PASHA publications speech: The future of the U.S. and international environmental industry 为福布斯杂志和PASHA出版物发表演讲:美国和国际环境产业的未来
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330080403
Thomas P. Grumbly
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引用次数: 0
DOD's environmental technology development 国防部环境技术开发
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330080109
Kevin Doxey, Jeffrey Marqusee, Wendy Dunn

This article discusses environmental technology developments in the Department of Defense (DOD) and how the use of innovative technologies can substantially reduce costs and increase the effectiveness of DOD environmental programs. DOD's overall strategy for environmental technology is to identify and establish priorities among users' needs and to implement environmental solutions through the development of technologies and their subsequent transfer to the user community. The authors examine the oversight and management of the Environmental Technology Development Process (ETDP) and the roles of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDRE) and Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security (DUSD(ES)). The respective roles of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, and supporting efforts by the military components are reviewed. The authors also highlight a number of promising environmental technology initiatives and their potential benefits to DOD. The article concludes with a discussion of DOD technology transfer efforts and the mechanisms being used for the collection and dissemination of data on technology availability and performance—including relevant Web site and Internet addresses.

本文讨论了美国国防部(DOD)环境技术的发展,以及如何使用创新技术大幅降低成本并提高国防部环境项目的有效性。国防部环境技术的总体战略是在用户需求中确定和确定优先事项,并通过技术开发及其随后向用户社区的转移来实施环境解决方案。作者考察了环境技术开发过程(ETDP)的监督和管理以及国防研究与工程主任(DDRE)和国防部环境安全副部长(DUSD(ES))的作用。审查了战略环境研究与发展计划(SERDP)、环境安全技术认证计划和军事部门的支持工作的各自作用。作者还强调了一些有前途的环境技术倡议及其对国防部的潜在好处。文章最后讨论了国防部技术转移工作和用于收集和传播技术可用性和性能数据的机制,包括相关的网站和互联网地址。
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引用次数: 0
Editor's corner 编辑器的角落
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330100302
Michael A. West
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引用次数: 0
Editor's corner 编辑器的角落
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330090302
Michael A. West
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引用次数: 0
A waiver of sovereign immunity for the CWA? 放弃反恐局的主权豁免?
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330080209
Scott F. Romans

In 1992, the Supreme Court ruled in DOE v. Ohio, 112 S.Ct. 1627 (1992) that both the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) did not provide an explicit waiver of sovereign immunity which would allow enforcement of punitive fines and penalties (for past violations) against federal facilities. In response to this decision, Congress, in 1992, passed the Federal Facility Compliance Act (FFCA). This law amended RCRA to provide an explicit waiver of sovereign immunity. Members of Congress have expressed interest in amending the CWA to provide a similar waiver of sovereign immunity.

This article discusses the arguments for and against including an FFCA-type waiver of sovereign immunity in the CWA. On its face, such a waiver would appear to be an attractive way to increase federal compliance with the CWA. However, it should not be assumed that such a waiver would increase CWA compliance in the same manner the FFCA has increased RCRA compliance. The article concludes that the best approach would be to provide a limited waiver of sovereign immunity for CWA violations. This limited waiver would allow punitive penalty enforcement by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) against federal agencies (even in those states that have state-run programs), but maintain the prohibition against state enforcement. This type of waiver would provide the benefits of punitive penalty enforcement, while protecting federal prerogatives from the vagaries of state enforcement actions.

1992年,最高法院在美国能源部诉俄亥俄州案(112 s.c.)中作出裁决。1627(1992)指出,《清洁水法》和《资源保护和恢复法》都没有明确规定放弃主权豁免,从而允许对联邦设施实施惩罚性罚款和处罚(针对过去的违法行为)。作为对这一决定的回应,国会于1992年通过了《联邦设施合规法》(FFCA)。该法律修订了《区域储备金法》,明确规定放弃主权豁免。国会议员已表示有兴趣修改《反恐法》,以提供类似的放弃主权豁免的规定。本文讨论了支持和反对在《公约》中列入ffca类型的主权豁免放弃的论点。从表面上看,这种豁免似乎是提高联邦政府对《清洁能源法》遵守程度的一种有吸引力的方式。但是,不应假设这样的豁免将以FFCA增加RCRA遵守的同样方式增加CWA遵守。该条的结论是,最好的办法是对违反《公约》的行为规定有限地放弃主权豁免。这一有限的豁免将允许环境保护署(EPA)对联邦机构(即使在那些有州立项目的州)实施惩罚性处罚,但仍禁止州执行。这种类型的豁免将提供惩罚性处罚执行的好处,同时保护联邦特权免受州执法行动的变幻莫测。
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引用次数: 0
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Federal Facilities Environmental Journal
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