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A comprehensive environmental investigation of an active artillery range 对现役炮兵靶场的全面环境调查
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330090206
John W. Hunt, Gregory N. Huntington

The Michigan Department of Military Affairs (MDMA) recently completed an environmental investigation of the 27,000-acre Range 40 artillery and air-to-ground complex located at the Camp Grayling Army National Guard Training Site. The study, commenced in 1992 as part of a consent order agreement between the MDMA and state regulators, is an extensive five-phase investigation designed to measure effects to the environment as a result of over 50 years of military training at this state owned and operated installation. Conducted under a $2.2 million contract awarded to QST Environmental, Inc. (formerly Environmental Science & Engineering, Inc.), this investigation-commonly referred to as the “Range 40 Study”-focused on groundwater, surface waters, wetlands, soils, sediments, and fish in and around the 7,000-acre “impact” area situated in the central northern region of Michigan's lower peninsula.

Findings indicate that surface waters (lakes and streams), lake and stream sediments, groundwater, fisheries, and air quality have not been adversely impacted by explosive-related chemicals. Findings do indicate the presence of low levels of metals in soils, lake and stream sediments, and groundwater. During the workplan process and subsequent investigations, results were obtained and lessons learned that could have implications on national defense readiness and environmental sustainability. This article will present these results and lessons learned, including:

密歇根州军事事务部(MDMA)最近完成了对位于格雷林军营国民警卫队训练场的27000英亩的靶场40火炮和空对地综合设施的环境调查。这项研究始于1992年,是MDMA和州监管机构之间同意命令协议的一部分,是一个广泛的五个阶段的调查,旨在衡量在这个国有和运营的设施进行50多年军事训练对环境的影响。根据一份价值220万美元的合同,QST环境公司(原环境科学&该调查通常被称为“范围40研究”,主要关注地下水、地表水、湿地、土壤、沉积物以及位于密歇根州下半岛中北部7000英亩“影响”区域及其周围的鱼类。研究结果表明,地表水(湖泊和溪流)、湖泊和溪流沉积物、地下水、渔业和空气质量没有受到与爆炸有关的化学品的不利影响。研究结果确实表明,土壤、湖泊和溪流沉积物以及地下水中存在低水平的金属。在工作计划过程和随后的调查中,获得了可能对国防准备和环境可持续性产生影响的结果和经验教训。本文将介绍这些结果和经验教训,包括:
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引用次数: 2
Piloting the federal government's course to environmentally preferable purchasing 引导联邦政府的环保采购路线
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330080204
Laura Davis, Ruth Heikkinen, Laurent R. Hourcle

While the concept of environmentally preferable purchasing by federal agencies is not a new initiative by any means, it has been pursued with never-before-seen vigor under the Clinton Administration. The concept goes back in law to at least the 1976 amendments to the Solid Waste Disposal Act, more commonly known as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Section 6002 of that statute created a dual approach by which EPA designated items with recycled content and buying federal agencies had an obligation to buy the designated goods. These are sometimes called “guideline goods.” For almost 20 years, however, only a handful of products (cement containing fly ash, re-refined oil, retread tires, paper and building insulation materials) were designated, and even then, the federal agencies were essentially left to their own devices as to when purchase of guideline items would be in their interest.

虽然由联邦机构进行环保采购的概念无论如何都不是一项新举措,但在克林顿政府时期,这一概念得到了前所未有的大力推行。这一概念至少可以追溯到1976年的《固体废物处理法案》修正案,即更广为人知的《资源保护与回收法案》(RCRA)。该法规的第6002条创造了一种双重方法,通过这种方法,环境保护局指定了含有回收成分的物品,购买联邦机构有义务购买指定的物品。这些有时被称为“指导商品”。然而,在将近20年的时间里,只有少数产品(含粉煤灰的水泥、再精炼的石油、翻新轮胎、纸张和建筑绝缘材料)被指定,即使在那时,联邦机构基本上也只能自己决定何时购买指导项目符合他们的利益。
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引用次数: 0
Endocrine disruptor chemicals as a rising compliance issue 内分泌干扰物是一个日益严重的合规问题
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110104
Robert E. Jarrett

Certain classes of chemicals foreign to the human body can interfere with endocrine hormonal systems. Hormones are the master controllers of biochemical processes. A wide range of pathological conditions can ensue at all stages of life. Research has shown these or similar chemicals to be increasing in natural and man-made environments. Some research indicates that wildlife is exhibiting the destructive effects of hormone disruption caused by man-made chemicals. The claim is made that human health is already being adversely affected. Many information gaps exist. Major research and screening programs are under way around the world that could well lead to banning or curtailed use for many heavily used chemicals. Makers and users of chemicals can avoid the embarrassing surprises experienced with previous new environmental issues and control programs by joining in the ongoing issue-framing scientific, legislative, and regulatory processes.

某些种类的人体外来化学物质会干扰内分泌激素系统。激素是生物化学过程的主要控制者。在生命的各个阶段都会出现各种各样的病理状况。研究表明,这些或类似的化学物质在自然和人为环境中正在增加。一些研究表明,野生动物正在表现出人造化学物质引起的激素破坏的破坏性影响。有人声称人类健康已经受到不利影响。存在许多信息差距。世界各地正在进行重大的研究和筛选项目,这很可能导致禁止或减少使用许多大量使用的化学品。化学品的制造者和使用者可以通过加入正在进行的问题框架科学、立法和监管程序,避免在以前的新环境问题和控制项目中经历的尴尬意外。
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引用次数: 4
Department of the navy. Fall update 海军部。会更新
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110313
Paul J. Yaroschak
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引用次数: 0
Confronting environmental pitfalls in industry downsizing and dod outsourcing and privatization 面对工业缩小规模、国防部外包和私有化的环境陷阱
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330090204
James McAleese

Industry and government executives have debated for some time the topic of outsourcing and privatization in the defense industry. Many believe that it is imperative that the obstacles to the Department of Defense's aggressive use of outsourcing and privatization be identified and that solutions be proposed to remove such obstacles. This article was written with the intent to assist organizations in identifying, minimizing, and allocating the potentially massive environmental liability that confronts contractors in any on-site outsourcing and privatization services (i.e., depot support, coproduction and GOCOs, logistics, maintenance, remedial action contracting, and even generic “ash & trash” services). In addition, this article examines potential sources for recovery of environmental costs that contractors incur in consolidating their own facilities during discretionary downsizing or post-merger restructuring.

工业和政府高管们就国防工业外包和私有化的话题争论了一段时间。许多人认为,必须确定国防部积极使用外包和私有化的障碍,并提出消除这些障碍的解决办法。撰写本文的目的是帮助组织识别、最小化和分配承包商在任何现场外包和私有化服务(即仓库支持、合作生产和goco、物流、维护、补救行动合同,甚至是通用的“灰& & &;垃圾”服务)。此外,本文还探讨了承包商在酌情缩小规模或合并后重组期间合并自己的设施时所产生的环境成本回收的潜在来源。
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引用次数: 0
State initiatives: The changing relationship in state-federal environmental management 州倡议:州-联邦环境管理关系的变化
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330080216
Robert E. Roberts, R. Steven Brown
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引用次数: 0
Industry perspective. The view of the cleanup industry on superfund reauthorization 行业视角。清理行业对超级基金再授权的看法
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330090214
Patrick F. O'Hara, Carolyn M. Kiely
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引用次数: 0
The regulation of radioactive materials and wastes by federal agencies 联邦机构对放射性物质和废料的管理
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330100306
Thomas E. Rudolph

Perhaps no area of environmental law is less understood than the law that regulates radioactive materials and wastes. Radiation experts such as health physicists who talk in terms of “curies,” “Sierverts,” and “critical mass” have a language and methodology that seem alien to most environmental practitioners used to dealing with the intricacies of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, or the Clean Water Act. When I think of how most environmental engineers and attorneys view the rules that regulate radioactive materials, I am reminded of a Churchill quote that Russia was “a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma.”

Many people assume that virtually all rules pertaining to radioactive materials and waste are governed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations. While the NRC obviously is a major “player,” it is not the only one. Depending on the quantity and type of substance involved, the activity involved, that is, possession, use, transportation, disposal, or cleanup of contamination, other agencies may be “players” as well. Those agencies include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Energy (DOE), the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), other federal agencies such as the Department of Defense (DOD), and even state radiation protection agencies.

也许在环境法的各个领域中,人们对放射性物质和废料的监管法律了解得最少。辐射专家,如健康物理学家,用“curies”、“siervert”和“critical mass”等术语来谈论辐射问题,他们的语言和方法对于大多数环境从业者来说似乎是陌生的,因为他们习惯于处理《资源保护和恢复法案》、《清洁空气法案》或《清洁水法》等错综复杂的问题。当我想到大多数环境工程师和律师是如何看待管理放射性物质的规则时,我想起了丘吉尔的一句名言:俄罗斯是“一个包裹在谜中谜中的谜”。许多人认为,几乎所有有关放射性物质和废物的规定都受核管理委员会(NRC)条例的管辖。虽然NRC显然是一个主要的“玩家”,但它并不是唯一的一个。根据所涉物质的数量和类型,所涉活动,即拥有、使用、运输、处置或清理污染,其他机构也可能是“参与者”。这些机构包括环境保护局(EPA)、能源部(DOE)、运输部(DOT)、职业安全与健康管理局(OSHA)、其他联邦机构,如国防部(DOD),甚至是州辐射防护机构。
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引用次数: 0
Economies of scale and implementation efficiencies of fully integrated environmental programs in view of fiscal uncertainties: A case for consolidation of environmental services at federal installations 考虑到财政不确定性,全面整合环境项目的规模经济和实施效率:联邦机构环境服务整合案例
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330100309
Robert J. Harrington

In spite of an extraordinary administrative burden, most environmental support services at military and other federal installations tend to be split among various contractors along functional lines. This portioning of services introduces many inefficiencies and fails to take advantage of potential economies of scale. Inefficiencies can be worsened dramatically when funding uncertainties are introduced. Consolidation of all environmental services at a federal facility, including environmental operations and maintenance, under a single contract facilitates a phenomenon of organizational integration. With management attention, integration can be nurtured and maximized, substantially reducing program costs while dramatically improving quality and responsiveness.

The natural world is replete with examples from which we may learn to be better managers. Uncertainties in program funding create essentially the same challenges to business managers as uncertainties in the supply of food and nutrients present to natural populations. By viewing temporal trends in programfunding in the same way that nature views trends in resource supply we may better understand how the introduction of funding uncertainties impacts the evolution of the optimal team size and skill mix. And we may also evaluate how a fully integrated environmental program can work to offset the deleterious effects of unpredictable program funding.

尽管行政负担特别重,但军事和其他联邦设施的大多数环境支助服务往往按职能划分给不同的承包商。这种服务分配方式带来了许多效率低下的问题,并且无法利用潜在的规模经济。当引入资金不确定性时,效率低下可能会急剧恶化。将联邦设施的所有环境服务,包括环境操作和维护,合并到一份合同下,有助于实现组织一体化。有了管理层的关注,集成可以得到培育和最大化,在显著提高质量和响应能力的同时,大大降低了项目成本。自然界充满了例子,我们可以从中学习成为更好的管理者。项目资金的不确定性给企业管理者带来的挑战,本质上与自然人口面临的食物和营养供应的不确定性相同。通过观察项目资金的时间趋势,就像自然界观察资源供应的趋势一样,我们可以更好地理解资金不确定性的引入是如何影响最优团队规模和技能组合的演变的。我们还可以评估一个全面整合的环境项目如何能够抵消不可预测的项目资金的有害影响。
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引用次数: 0
Interview with THOMAS W. L. “Tad” McCall Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for environment, safety, and occupantional health 采访负责环境、安全和职业健康的空军副助理部长小托马斯·w·l·“泰德”·麦考尔
Pub Date : 2007-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110103
Michael A. West
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Federal Facilities Environmental Journal
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