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Biofuel in Ghana: Potentials and strategies for policy implementation 加纳的生物燃料:政策实施的潜力和战略
Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfueco.2025.100134
Stephen Kelly Kissi , Wilson Ofori Sarkodie , Mohammed Takase , Emmanuel Amankwah
Africa has a pressing need for biofuel policies due to several interconnected challenges encompassing vulnerability to price fluctuations, rural development, waste and land use management, and the need for value-added agricultural goods. State biofuel policies contribute to the ongoing global discourse on climate change, green and circular economy, and sustainability. Unfortunately, the resource curse seems to have befallen the Ghanaian economy as the nation still imports petroleum products after discovering enormous oil reserves. This article reviews Ghana's current biomass potential drawing lessons from failed projects and initiatives of top biofuel nations to effectively implement Ghana's latest biofuel policy. A significant portion of land in Ghana remains unused, yet utilizing less than 3 % of this land would be sufficient to meet the B10/E10 biofuel target using cassava as the feedstock. A closer examination of successful biofuel initiatives in Brazil and the United States highlights common factors contributing to their achievements. These include ambitious blending mandates, substantial investments in infrastructure, technology, and research, active stakeholder participation, and the provision of fiscal incentives. While Ghana's Renewable Energy Master Plan incorporates some of these components, its current targets lack sufficient ambition. Addressing these gaps in practice could place Ghana on a trajectory toward becoming one of the world's leading biofuel producers.
由于若干相互关联的挑战,包括易受价格波动影响、农村发展、废物和土地使用管理以及对增值农产品的需求,非洲迫切需要生物燃料政策。各国的生物燃料政策促进了当前关于气候变化、绿色和循环经济以及可持续性的全球讨论。不幸的是,虽然发现了巨大的石油储量,但加纳仍在进口石油产品,因此“资源诅咒”似乎已经降临到加纳经济身上。本文回顾了加纳目前的生物质潜力,从生物燃料大国的失败项目和倡议中吸取教训,以有效实施加纳最新的生物燃料政策。加纳有很大一部分土地未被利用,但利用不到3%的土地就足以满足以木薯为原料的B10/E10生物燃料的目标。对巴西和美国成功的生物燃料计划进行更仔细的考察,突出了促成它们取得成就的共同因素。这些措施包括雄心勃勃的混合指令,对基础设施、技术和研究的大量投资,利益相关者的积极参与,以及提供财政激励。虽然加纳的可再生能源总体规划包含了其中的一些组成部分,但其目前的目标缺乏足够的雄心。在实践中解决这些差距可以使加纳走上成为世界领先的生物燃料生产国之一的轨道。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical agents for enhanced oil recovery: A comparison of a switchable hydrophilic solvent and deep eutectic solvent 提高采收率的化学剂:可切换亲水溶剂和深共晶溶剂的比较
Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfueco.2025.100133
A. Abdurrahman , S.M. Shuwa , F.N. Dabai , O.D. Orodu , F.T. Ogunkunle , A.I. Igbafe , B.Y. Jibril
Switchable hydrophilic solvents (SHS) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) are trending chemical agents used in enhanced oil recovery. In this study, the oil recovery performance of DES, synthesized from tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) in a 1:2 molar ratio, and the switchable solvent N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) was evaluated through a displacement test. Additionally, the interactions between the rock, solvents, and crude oil were investigated through interfacial tension (IFT) measurements using an Altension tensiometer. The trend in the experimental IFT results was compared to the interactions between DMCHA and oil, DMCHA and rock, DES and oil, and DES and rock using quantum mechanics calculations performed with the Spartan v20 molecular modeling tool. The findings revealed that the IFT between the solvents and oil decreased to 5.32 mN/m with DES and 2.64 mN/m with DMCHA. Furthermore, core flooding experiments showed an incremental recovery of 12.0 % of the original oil in place (OOIP) with DES and 10.0 % OOIP with DMCHA for standard Berea sandstone core samples. Similarly, flooding experiments using Niger-Delta sandstone samples achieved an additional 25.8 % OOIP with DES compared to 12.0 % OOIP with DMCHA. In conclusion, both DES and DMCHA demonstrated their potential for crude oil recovery. However, DES proved to be more promising for tertiary enhanced oil recovery applications.
可切换亲水溶剂(SHS)和深共晶溶剂(DES)是提高采收率的发展趋势。本研究以四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)和聚乙二醇400 (PEG 400)为原料,以1:2的摩尔比合成了DES的采油性能,并通过置换试验评价了可切换溶剂N,N-二甲基环己胺(DMCHA)。此外,通过Altension张力仪的界面张力(IFT)测量,研究了岩石、溶剂和原油之间的相互作用。利用Spartan v20分子建模工具进行量子力学计算,将实验IFT结果的趋势与DMCHA与油、DMCHA与岩石、DES与油以及DES与岩石之间的相互作用进行了比较。结果表明,溶剂与油之间的IFT在DES和DMCHA的作用下分别降至5.32 mN/m和2.64 mN/m。此外,岩心驱油实验表明,对于标准的Berea砂岩岩心样品,使用DES和DMCHA的原始产油量(OOIP)的增量采收率分别为12.0%和10.0%。同样,尼日尔三角洲砂岩样品的驱油实验中,DES的OOIP为25.8%,而DMCHA的OOIP为12.0%。综上所述,DES和DMCHA都显示了它们的原油采收率潜力。然而,事实证明,DES在提高三次采收率的应用中更有前景。
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Pub Date : 2025-01-01
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引用次数: 0
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