Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in opencast iron ore mines poses a significant health risk to mine workers, particularly impacting urinary health. This study specifically examines how mining activities influence urinary parameters in employees, with a focus on how seasonal variations – such as shifts between monsoon and winter – intensify these effects. Through real-time analysis of air pollutants including PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, and HCHO, we captured critical seasonal fluctuations in pollutant concentrations across different mining departments.
Urine samples from workers in diverse departments were rigorously analyzed for glucose levels, elemental concentrations, and other health indicators. Advanced regression and correlation analyses revealed strong associations between urine markers and PM exposure, with exceptionally high R² values across departments: 0.984 for excavation, 1.000 for crushing, 0.969 for downhill, 0.963 for screening, and 0.992 for loading, indicating a precise relationship. Low mean squared error (MSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) values further underscored the model's predictive accuracy. Seasonal variations showed a clear impact on exposure levels, with the overall relevance percentage between monsoon and winter seasons approximating 39.24%, underscoring the added health burden during seasonal transitions. The results indicate that workers' health is clearly affected by exposure to mining-related air pollutants, as shown by the urine analysis, which revealed elevated levels of occupationally relevant elements. These findings highlight the need for proactive air quality monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies in mining environments to protect worker health, offering critical insights for policymakers and occupational health professionals focused on improving safety standards in mining operations.
{"title":"Seasonal impact of particulate matter exposure on urinary health of mine workers in iron ore mining environment","authors":"Vibhanshu Vaibhav Singh , Aron Rodrick Lakra , Sneha Gautam","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in opencast iron ore mines poses a significant health risk to mine workers, particularly impacting urinary health. This study specifically examines how mining activities influence urinary parameters in employees, with a focus on how seasonal variations – such as shifts between monsoon and winter – intensify these effects. Through real-time analysis of air pollutants including PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO, we captured critical seasonal fluctuations in pollutant concentrations across different mining departments.</div><div>Urine samples from workers in diverse departments were rigorously analyzed for glucose levels, elemental concentrations, and other health indicators. Advanced regression and correlation analyses revealed strong associations between urine markers and PM exposure, with exceptionally high R² values across departments: 0.984 for excavation, 1.000 for crushing, 0.969 for downhill, 0.963 for screening, and 0.992 for loading, indicating a precise relationship. Low mean squared error (MSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) values further underscored the model's predictive accuracy. Seasonal variations showed a clear impact on exposure levels, with the overall relevance percentage between monsoon and winter seasons approximating 39.24%, underscoring the added health burden during seasonal transitions. The results indicate that workers' health is clearly affected by exposure to mining-related air pollutants, as shown by the urine analysis, which revealed elevated levels of occupationally relevant elements. These findings highlight the need for proactive air quality monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies in mining environments to protect worker health, offering critical insights for policymakers and occupational health professionals focused on improving safety standards in mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100350
Oluwatoyin Khadijat Olomo, Onimisi Abdulmalik Danga, Abdullateef O. Aliyu
This research addresses the issue of unproductive boreholes in the study area and the limited information on productive aquifers. The challenging geological terrain and dense urbanization necessitate the use of integrated airborne data, namely Landsat remote sensing, geographic information systems, and aeromagnetic data, to map potential groundwater zones in Okene and its surrounding areas. The analysis utilizes remote sensing and geospatial datasets, which are slope, drainage density, and lineament density, along with aeromagnetic data interpretation. Techniques employed are first and second-order derivatives, tilt derivative, and total horizontal derivative to identify groundwater productive zones. Observations of remotely sensed lineaments indicate intersections with aeromagnetic composite lineaments, suggesting the presence of shallow and deeper lineaments in proximity. These intersection points are identified as potential zones for groundwater accumulation and development due to their characteristics of secondary porosity and high permeability. The depth to the aquiferous zone, as determined by 3-D Euler deconvolution and spectral analysis, ranges from 60 to 150 m, which is proposed as the depth for borehole drilling in the study area. The central and southeastern regions of the study area exhibit higher groundwater potential because of the high density of lineament intersection and are recommended for future groundwater development. This study illustrates the effectiveness of geospatial and aerogeophysical techniques in regional groundwater exploration to provide insights into subsurface structural disposition for locating aquiferous zones and improving groundwater management.
{"title":"Exploration of quality groundwater through lineament delineation in Okene and its surroudings","authors":"Oluwatoyin Khadijat Olomo, Onimisi Abdulmalik Danga, Abdullateef O. Aliyu","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research addresses the issue of unproductive boreholes in the study area and the limited information on productive aquifers. The challenging geological terrain and dense urbanization necessitate the use of integrated airborne data, namely Landsat remote sensing, geographic information systems, and aeromagnetic data, to map potential groundwater zones in Okene and its surrounding areas. The analysis utilizes remote sensing and geospatial datasets, which are slope, drainage density, and lineament density, along with aeromagnetic data interpretation. Techniques employed are first and second-order derivatives, tilt derivative, and total horizontal derivative to identify groundwater productive zones. Observations of remotely sensed lineaments indicate intersections with aeromagnetic composite lineaments, suggesting the presence of shallow and deeper lineaments in proximity. These intersection points are identified as potential zones for groundwater accumulation and development due to their characteristics of secondary porosity and high permeability. The depth to the aquiferous zone, as determined by 3-D Euler deconvolution and spectral analysis, ranges from 60 to 150 m, which is proposed as the depth for borehole drilling in the study area. The central and southeastern regions of the study area exhibit higher groundwater potential because of the high density of lineament intersection and are recommended for future groundwater development. This study illustrates the effectiveness of geospatial and aerogeophysical techniques in regional groundwater exploration to provide insights into subsurface structural disposition for locating aquiferous zones and improving groundwater management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100346
Aron Rodrick Lakra , Sneha Gautam , Cyril Samuel , Robert Blaga
This study analyzes air quality along the Kavundampalayam transit route and across three urban regions in Coimbatore, India – Kavundampalayam, Ganapathy and Kovaiputhur – over five days during morning and evening commutes. Key pollutants monitored include PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, formaldehyde (HCHO), and the Air Quality Index (AQI). Results show that PM2.5 levels often exceeded the WHO's 24-hour limit, with Kovaiputhur peaking at 120.33 µg/m³ and PM10 concentrations reaching 259.08 µg/m³ in Kavundampalayam. CO2 levels varied significantly, with Ganapathy recording the highest at 1942.42 ppm, indicating traffic and industrial sources. Morning commutes exhibited higher PM levels due to vehicular emissions, while evenings showed reduced pollution. HCHO concentrations, though low (<0.023 mg/m³), spiked in the evenings, suggesting emission sources later in the day. A strong correlation between CO2 and AQI underscores the impact of anthropogenic activities on air quality. The study identifies pollution hotspots using heatmaps and temporal patterns, emphasizing the need for interventions like emission control, dust regulation, and green infrastructure. Continuous air quality monitoring is essential for sustainable urban planning, helping policymakers design strategies to reduce exposure risks and improve public health.
{"title":"College bus commuter exposures to air pollutants in Indian city: The urban-rural transportation exposure study","authors":"Aron Rodrick Lakra , Sneha Gautam , Cyril Samuel , Robert Blaga","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes air quality along the Kavundampalayam transit route and across three urban regions in Coimbatore, India – Kavundampalayam, Ganapathy and Kovaiputhur – over five days during morning and evening commutes. Key pollutants monitored include PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, formaldehyde (HCHO), and the Air Quality Index (AQI). Results show that PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels often exceeded the WHO's 24-hour limit, with Kovaiputhur peaking at 120.33 µg/m³ and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations reaching 259.08 µg/m³ in Kavundampalayam. CO<sub>2</sub> levels varied significantly, with Ganapathy recording the highest at 1942.42 ppm, indicating traffic and industrial sources. Morning commutes exhibited higher PM levels due to vehicular emissions, while evenings showed reduced pollution. HCHO concentrations, though low (<0.023 mg/m³), spiked in the evenings, suggesting emission sources later in the day. A strong correlation between CO<sub>2</sub> and AQI underscores the impact of anthropogenic activities on air quality. The study identifies pollution hotspots using heatmaps and temporal patterns, emphasizing the need for interventions like emission control, dust regulation, and green infrastructure. Continuous air quality monitoring is essential for sustainable urban planning, helping policymakers design strategies to reduce exposure risks and improve public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100325
Ali Newaz Chowdhury , Samsun Naher , Md. Nur Alam Likhon , Jubairul Hassan , Zannati Nur Fariha , Md. Raisul Hasan , Tanha Dewan Apon , Md. Anwar Hossain Bhuiyan , Md Mesbah Uddin Bhuiyan
This study investigates the quality of groundwater in Kuakata, a coastal area in southwestern Bangladesh, by analyzing the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in 50 groundwater samples. The concentrations of these heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that while cadmium was not detected, significant levels of lead and chromium exceeded recommended safety thresholds. The contamination was evaluated using several indices, including the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and degree of contamination (Cd). Health risk assessments for adults and children revealed potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly from lead. This study provides essential data to guide groundwater management and improve public health in the region. The groundwater samples contain traces of additional heavy metals including lead and chromium. The lead concentration ranges from 0.0003 to 0.1049 mg/L, while chromium ranges from 0.00074 to 0.1828 mg/L. The levels of certain substances in groundwater exceeded the maximum limit set by international and local health authorities for safe drinking water. Heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), along with the degree of contamination (Cd) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI), were used to assess the pollution load. The results of HEI and HPI revealed that a significant portion of the samples in the study area, specifically 34% and 38%, were found to be strongly and seriously affected, whereas 38% samples were within the highest values (>4) of Cd. Based on the hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ICLR) values, the deep groundwater in the coastal area presents a notable health risk to the local population, particularly children. This study provides essential data that can be used as a foundation for developing effective groundwater management strategies in the coastal region, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the availability of safe drinking water.
{"title":"Heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Cr) contamination and human health risk assessment of groundwater in Kuakata, southern coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Ali Newaz Chowdhury , Samsun Naher , Md. Nur Alam Likhon , Jubairul Hassan , Zannati Nur Fariha , Md. Raisul Hasan , Tanha Dewan Apon , Md. Anwar Hossain Bhuiyan , Md Mesbah Uddin Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the quality of groundwater in Kuakata, a coastal area in southwestern Bangladesh, by analyzing the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in 50 groundwater samples. The concentrations of these heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that while cadmium was not detected, significant levels of lead and chromium exceeded recommended safety thresholds. The contamination was evaluated using several indices, including the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and degree of contamination (C<sub>d</sub>). Health risk assessments for adults and children revealed potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly from lead. This study provides essential data to guide groundwater management and improve public health in the region. The groundwater samples contain traces of additional heavy metals including lead and chromium. The lead concentration ranges from 0.0003 to 0.1049 mg/L, while chromium ranges from 0.00074 to 0.1828 mg/L. The levels of certain substances in groundwater exceeded the maximum limit set by international and local health authorities for safe drinking water. Heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), along with the degree of contamination (C<sub>d</sub>) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI), were used to assess the pollution load. The results of HEI and HPI revealed that a significant portion of the samples in the study area, specifically 34% and 38%, were found to be strongly and seriously affected, whereas 38% samples were within the highest values (>4) of C<sub>d</sub>. Based on the hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ICLR) values, the deep groundwater in the coastal area presents a notable health risk to the local population, particularly children. This study provides essential data that can be used as a foundation for developing effective groundwater management strategies in the coastal region, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the availability of safe drinking water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil erosion poses a substantial threat to environmental and human sustainability, intensified by anthropogenic interference, climate fluctuations, and socio-economic modifications. This study presents a meticulous and systematic analysis of soil erosion within the Basantar and Devak watersheds of the north-western Himalaya, employing geospatial technologies integrated with the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) modeling techniques. To derive the USLE and RUSLE based soil loss, various equation-based parameters such as rainfall (R), length slope factor (LS), cover management (C), conservation practice factor (P), and slope erodibility factor (K) were derived to assess the spatial soil loss in the study area. Based on both model outputs spatial maps have been derived in the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform to determine the soil loss in the study area. The results have been classified into five categories: very high, high, medium, low, and very low areas of soil erosion. Further, the analytical approach also involved the derivation of various satellite data-based soil indices to juxtapose remotely sensed soil loss results, enabling a more detailed understanding of soil loss dynamics in the watersheds. The comprehensive analysis demonstrated the practicality of the employed models in formulating geospatial soil erosion databases, aiding future research, planning, conservation strategies, and climate impact assessment, therefore, laying a foundation for informed environmental decision-making and sustainable land-use practices. The multifaceted exploration of soil erosion in the Basantar and Devak watersheds through intricate modeling and geospatial technologies accentuates the study's significance in advancing soil conservation research, and the potential applications of these models in varied environmental contexts.
{"title":"Geospatial assessment of soil erosion in the Basantar and Devak watersheds of the NW Himalaya: A study utilizing USLE and RUSLE models","authors":"Ajay Kumar Taloor , Varun Khajuria , Gurnam Parsad , Shikha Bandral , Sugandha Mahajan , Sachchidanand Singh , Meenakshi Sharma , Girish Ch Kothyari","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion poses a substantial threat to environmental and human sustainability, intensified by anthropogenic interference, climate fluctuations, and socio-economic modifications. This study presents a meticulous and systematic analysis of soil erosion within the Basantar and Devak watersheds of the north-western Himalaya, employing geospatial technologies integrated with the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) modeling techniques. To derive the USLE and RUSLE based soil loss, various equation-based parameters such as rainfall (R), length slope factor (LS), cover management (C), conservation practice factor (P), and slope erodibility factor (K) were derived to assess the spatial soil loss in the study area. Based on both model outputs spatial maps have been derived in the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform to determine the soil loss in the study area. The results have been classified into five categories: very high, high, medium, low, and very low areas of soil erosion. Further, the analytical approach also involved the derivation of various satellite data-based soil indices to juxtapose remotely sensed soil loss results, enabling a more detailed understanding of soil loss dynamics in the watersheds. The comprehensive analysis demonstrated the practicality of the employed models in formulating geospatial soil erosion databases, aiding future research, planning, conservation strategies, and climate impact assessment, therefore, laying a foundation for informed environmental decision-making and sustainable land-use practices. The multifaceted exploration of soil erosion in the Basantar and Devak watersheds through intricate modeling and geospatial technologies accentuates the study's significance in advancing soil conservation research, and the potential applications of these models in varied environmental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100247
Yazgul Nugumanova , Anna Doroshkevich , Anastasia Starikova , Jonathan Garcia
The potential sources and conditions that control the formation and evolution of alkaline melts are far from being fully understood. To address some of these fundamental questions, we have focused on the composition of olivines and spinel group minerals in aillikites from the Bushkanay dyke in the Siberian Craton. These ultramafic carbonate-rich lamprophyres contain 40–50 vol% fresh olivine macrocrysts (200–600 µm) within a groundmass consisting of phlogopite (60%), magnetite (15%), perovskite (10%), apatite (5%), calcite (3%), chromite (1%), clinopyroxene (up to 1%), barite (up to 1%), serpentine and chlorite (up to 4%). Two types of compositional zoning in olivine have been recognized: (1) Mg-rich cores consisting of a relatively high #Mg (86-89) and NiO (0.25–0.4 wt%); (2) Fe-rich cores with a relatively low #Mg (82-86) and NiO (0.10–0.25 wt%). Both types of olivine cores are igneous and crystallize from an ultramafic carbonate-rich melt. The Mg#-poor (Fe-rich) cores were derived from an early and more evolved aillikitic melt and were later entrained by a more primitive melt, responsible for the formation of the Mg#-rich (Mg-rich) cores. The spinels exhibit a more complex zoning with four major growth zones: (1) an aluminum chromite core; (2) an Fe-chromite and Cr-magnetite transitional zone; and (3) a Ti-magnetite rim. The most primitive spinels of Al-chromite compositions crystallized directly from undifferentiated pulse of the melt, while further growth involved a gradual decrease in Cr due to the crystallization of Cr-rich spinels, while Al remained the same due to the absence of early phlogopite. Our results on olivines and spinels suggest that the aillikites of the Bushkanay dyke were derived from a phlogopite-bearing carbonatized peridotite source. This idea is also supported by the presence of phlogopite, calcite, and amphibole as major phases in the chromite melt inclusions.
{"title":"Composition of olivines and spinel group minerals in aillikites from the Bushkanay dyke, South Siberian Craton: Insights into alkaline melt sources and evolution","authors":"Yazgul Nugumanova , Anna Doroshkevich , Anastasia Starikova , Jonathan Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential sources and conditions that control the formation and evolution of alkaline melts are far from being fully understood. To address some of these fundamental questions, we have focused on the composition of olivines and spinel group minerals in aillikites from the Bushkanay dyke in the Siberian Craton. These ultramafic carbonate-rich lamprophyres contain 40–50 vol% fresh olivine macrocrysts (200–600 µm) within a groundmass consisting of phlogopite (60%), magnetite (15%), perovskite (10%), apatite (5%), calcite (3%), chromite (1%), clinopyroxene (up to 1%), barite (up to 1%), serpentine and chlorite (up to 4%). Two types of compositional zoning in olivine have been recognized: (1) Mg-rich cores consisting of a relatively high #Mg (86-89) and NiO (0.25–0.4 wt%); (2) Fe-rich cores with a relatively low #Mg (82-86) and NiO (0.10–0.25 wt%). Both types of olivine cores are igneous and crystallize from an ultramafic carbonate-rich melt. The Mg#-poor (Fe-rich) cores were derived from an early and more evolved aillikitic melt and were later entrained by a more primitive melt, responsible for the formation of the Mg#-rich (Mg-rich) cores. The spinels exhibit a more complex zoning with four major growth zones: (1) an aluminum chromite core; (2) an Fe-chromite and Cr-magnetite transitional zone; and (3) a Ti-magnetite rim. The most primitive spinels of Al-chromite compositions crystallized directly from undifferentiated pulse of the melt, while further growth involved a gradual decrease in Cr due to the crystallization of Cr-rich spinels, while Al remained the same due to the absence of early phlogopite. Our results on olivines and spinels suggest that the aillikites of the Bushkanay dyke were derived from a phlogopite-bearing carbonatized peridotite source. This idea is also supported by the presence of phlogopite, calcite, and amphibole as major phases in the chromite melt inclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100271
Mikhail Nikolaevich Kruk , Anna Gennadievna Doroshkevich , Ilya Romanovich Prokopyev , Ivan Aleksandrovich Izbrodin
The alkaline-ultrabasic carbonatite complex Arbarastakh is located in the southwestern part of the Siberian Craton. In addition to ultrabasic rocks such as pyroxenites and ijolites, various types of carbonatite dikes, phoscorites, and aillikites are present in the massif. Based on their modal and compositional characteristics, as well as the chemical composition of minerals, the rocks of the Arbarastakh complex have been divided into three groups: "aillikite", "phoscorite", and "alkaline-silicate and carbonatite" groups. The chemical compositions of olivines, phlogopites and spinellides indicate that aillikites are the least differentiated rocks in the complex. The compositional differences of micas from the "phoscorite" and "alkaline-silicate and carbonatite" groups support the liquation of the aillikite melt into two immiscible silicates and CPIO (carbonate-phosphate/iron-oxide-rich) melts. After liquation, for the "phoscorite" and "alkaline-silicate and carbonatite" groups, evolution follows fractional crystallization. Pyroxene-phlogopite-calcite and calcite carbonatites probably resulted from metasomatic alteration of silicate phases by apatite-dolomite carbonatites, which is confirmed by structural-textural features and the overlapping compositions of phlogopites, apatites and pyroxenes from calcite carbonatites and those from pyroxenites and ijolites.
{"title":"Chemical evolution of major and minor minerals in rocks of the Arbarastakh complex (Aldan shield, Republic of Sakha, Yakutia)","authors":"Mikhail Nikolaevich Kruk , Anna Gennadievna Doroshkevich , Ilya Romanovich Prokopyev , Ivan Aleksandrovich Izbrodin","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The alkaline-ultrabasic carbonatite complex Arbarastakh is located in the southwestern part of the Siberian Craton. In addition to ultrabasic rocks such as pyroxenites and ijolites, various types of carbonatite dikes, phoscorites, and aillikites are present in the massif. Based on their modal and compositional characteristics, as well as the chemical composition of minerals, the rocks of the Arbarastakh complex have been divided into three groups: \"aillikite\", \"phoscorite\", and \"alkaline-silicate and carbonatite\" groups. The chemical compositions of olivines, phlogopites and spinellides indicate that aillikites are the least differentiated rocks in the complex. The compositional differences of micas from the \"phoscorite\" and \"alkaline-silicate and carbonatite\" groups support the liquation of the aillikite melt into two immiscible silicates and CPIO (carbonate-phosphate/iron-oxide-rich) melts. After liquation, for the \"phoscorite\" and \"alkaline-silicate and carbonatite\" groups, evolution follows fractional crystallization. Pyroxene-phlogopite-calcite and calcite carbonatites probably resulted from metasomatic alteration of silicate phases by apatite-dolomite carbonatites, which is confirmed by structural-textural features and the overlapping compositions of phlogopites, apatites and pyroxenes from calcite carbonatites and those from pyroxenites and ijolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100282
Igor V. Aschepkov , Sergei I. Kostrovitsky , Svetlana A. Babushkina , Nikolai S. Medvedev
<div><div>Comparisons of mantle xenocrysts from Lower Triassic kimberlites in the Anabar Shield (Ary-Mastakh, Dyuken, Kuranakh and Orto-Yargyn fields) have shown essential differences from the xenocrysts in the Olenek River Basin (Chomurdakh field). Xenoliths in the Anabar Shield and its northern fields are very rare; they include mainly garnet dunites and harzburgites, and less commonly, pyroxenites and eclogites.</div><div>PTXFO<sub>2</sub> diagram reconstructions for the Boomerang pipe in the Ary-Mastakh field located in the suture zone of the Daldyn and Magan terranes have used monomineral thermobarometry to show that the Opx in rare lherzolitic pyropes formed between 6 and 7.5 GPa. Eclogites represent the mantle heated to the middle pyroxenite layer, and in these terranes the formation of Cr-less pyroxenites are linked to plume melt interactions with the eclogites. In the Dyuken, Kuranakh and Orto-Yargyn fields, the garnet advective trend starts from 7.5 GPa, while the asthenosphere – lithosphere boundary is found at 6 GPa, suggesting that the middle pyroxenite layer was heated and metasomatized. The lower and particularly mid-mantle parts of these fields also contain abundant eclogites. In the Chomur field, lherzolitic and pyroxenitic pyropes form from 7 GPa, while the captured materials mainly represent the upper mantle (4 GPa). All pipes show a similar mantle layering, consisting of seven parts and determined by the clustering of PT estimates for garnets, Cr-spinels, and pyroxenes. In the Boomerang pipe, the Cr-clinopyroxenes and pyropes show REE spectra with varying fan-shaped slopes, (La/Yb)n of 10–100 for pyropes, and HREE for garnets. Spider diagrams reveal peaks for Th, and troughs for U, Nb, Ta, and Pb. Eclogitic garnets and omphacites show minimum values of Eu and Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf. REEs in ilmenites show a joint increase in LREE and HFSE for Mg to Fe-rich varieties with the degree of differentiation. Most depleted pyropes from Kuranakh have V-U shaped REE patterns, Ba and U peaks. The HFSE minima represents dunites from the arc and back-arc mantle, and the fertilization produces an increase in incompatible elements and sometimes large ion lithophile element (LILE) levels for lherzolitic pyropes. The pyroxenitic garnets display happed REE and the Cpx shows varying LILE and HFSE correlating with the (La/Yb)<sub>n</sub>.</div><div>The Chomur pipe contains predominantly harzburgite-lherzolite garnets with minima Ba and Sr, in addition to various incompatible elements. Cpx shows similar variations with mainly depleted HFSE patterns. The marginal parts of the subcratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM) of the Anabar Shield are extremely enriched in eclogitic deep-seated material. This is especially seen in the lower SCLM parts, demonstrating thermobarometric trends and features similar to the diamond inclusions from the Ebelyakh (Mayat) placers. The mantle column beneath several pipes (Los’, Universitetskaya, Kuranakh) contain Cr amphiboles
{"title":"Reconstructions of mantle structure beneath the Anabar Shield kimberlites – Similarities and differences","authors":"Igor V. Aschepkov , Sergei I. Kostrovitsky , Svetlana A. Babushkina , Nikolai S. Medvedev","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comparisons of mantle xenocrysts from Lower Triassic kimberlites in the Anabar Shield (Ary-Mastakh, Dyuken, Kuranakh and Orto-Yargyn fields) have shown essential differences from the xenocrysts in the Olenek River Basin (Chomurdakh field). Xenoliths in the Anabar Shield and its northern fields are very rare; they include mainly garnet dunites and harzburgites, and less commonly, pyroxenites and eclogites.</div><div>PTXFO<sub>2</sub> diagram reconstructions for the Boomerang pipe in the Ary-Mastakh field located in the suture zone of the Daldyn and Magan terranes have used monomineral thermobarometry to show that the Opx in rare lherzolitic pyropes formed between 6 and 7.5 GPa. Eclogites represent the mantle heated to the middle pyroxenite layer, and in these terranes the formation of Cr-less pyroxenites are linked to plume melt interactions with the eclogites. In the Dyuken, Kuranakh and Orto-Yargyn fields, the garnet advective trend starts from 7.5 GPa, while the asthenosphere – lithosphere boundary is found at 6 GPa, suggesting that the middle pyroxenite layer was heated and metasomatized. The lower and particularly mid-mantle parts of these fields also contain abundant eclogites. In the Chomur field, lherzolitic and pyroxenitic pyropes form from 7 GPa, while the captured materials mainly represent the upper mantle (4 GPa). All pipes show a similar mantle layering, consisting of seven parts and determined by the clustering of PT estimates for garnets, Cr-spinels, and pyroxenes. In the Boomerang pipe, the Cr-clinopyroxenes and pyropes show REE spectra with varying fan-shaped slopes, (La/Yb)n of 10–100 for pyropes, and HREE for garnets. Spider diagrams reveal peaks for Th, and troughs for U, Nb, Ta, and Pb. Eclogitic garnets and omphacites show minimum values of Eu and Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf. REEs in ilmenites show a joint increase in LREE and HFSE for Mg to Fe-rich varieties with the degree of differentiation. Most depleted pyropes from Kuranakh have V-U shaped REE patterns, Ba and U peaks. The HFSE minima represents dunites from the arc and back-arc mantle, and the fertilization produces an increase in incompatible elements and sometimes large ion lithophile element (LILE) levels for lherzolitic pyropes. The pyroxenitic garnets display happed REE and the Cpx shows varying LILE and HFSE correlating with the (La/Yb)<sub>n</sub>.</div><div>The Chomur pipe contains predominantly harzburgite-lherzolite garnets with minima Ba and Sr, in addition to various incompatible elements. Cpx shows similar variations with mainly depleted HFSE patterns. The marginal parts of the subcratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM) of the Anabar Shield are extremely enriched in eclogitic deep-seated material. This is especially seen in the lower SCLM parts, demonstrating thermobarometric trends and features similar to the diamond inclusions from the Ebelyakh (Mayat) placers. The mantle column beneath several pipes (Los’, Universitetskaya, Kuranakh) contain Cr amphiboles","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100235
Tushar Meshram , Kirtikumar Randive
Olivine in carbonatites worldwide is mainly of Mg-rich composition (forsterite: Fo85 and Fo99). However, the occurrence of fayalite (Fo<50) is extremely rare except few localities. The Sevvattur carbonatite alkaline complex (SCAC) is part of large Tirrupattur carbonatite-alkaline complex (TCAC), Southern India, which consists of early to late differentiated/fractionated products from dunite-wehrlite-shonkinite-carbonatite to ferrosyenite. In TCAC olivine composition shows decreasing Fo93 to Fo06 contents from early dunite to more evolved ferrosyenite. We report here an occurrence of low-Ni, olivine with intermediate Fo60-65 content and low 100*Mn/Fe, Ni/Co, V/Sc ratios from the SCAC. Textural and compositional evidence reveals the xenocrystic (exotic) nature of olivine and possibly linked with multiple stages of crystal melt interaction in the protracted magmatic evolution and associated metasomatic processes during the interaction of peridotite lithosphere with carbonatite magma in the TCAC at low temperature and shallow depth. It is concluded that the olivine in the Sevvattur Carbonatite Olivine provide the missing link or compositional gap during the evolution of the TCAC of early to late differentiated products from dunite (Fo90-91)-wehrlite (Fo70-72)-shonkinite (Fo72-77)-carbonatite (Fo∼90and 63–65 present study) to ferrosyenite (Fo03-06).
{"title":"Olivine composition of calcite-carbonatite from Sevvattur carbonatite alkaline complex, Dharmapuri Rift Zone, Southern Granulite Terrain, India","authors":"Tushar Meshram , Kirtikumar Randive","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olivine in carbonatites worldwide is mainly of Mg-rich composition (forsterite: Fo<sub>85</sub> and Fo<sub>99</sub>). However, the occurrence of fayalite (Fo<sub><50</sub>) is extremely rare except few localities. The Sevvattur carbonatite alkaline complex (SCAC) is part of large Tirrupattur carbonatite-alkaline complex (TCAC), Southern India, which consists of early to late differentiated/fractionated products from dunite-wehrlite-shonkinite-carbonatite to ferrosyenite. In TCAC olivine composition shows decreasing Fo<sub>93</sub> to Fo<sub>06</sub> contents from early dunite to more evolved ferrosyenite. We report here an occurrence of low-Ni, olivine with intermediate Fo<sub>60-65</sub> content and low 100*Mn/Fe, Ni/Co, V/Sc ratios from the SCAC. Textural and compositional evidence reveals the xenocrystic (exotic) nature of olivine and possibly linked with multiple stages of crystal melt interaction in the protracted magmatic evolution and associated metasomatic processes during the interaction of peridotite lithosphere with carbonatite magma in the TCAC at low temperature and shallow depth. It is concluded that the olivine in the Sevvattur Carbonatite Olivine provide the missing link or compositional gap during the evolution of the TCAC of early to late differentiated products from dunite (Fo<sub>90-91</sub>)-wehrlite (Fo<sub>70-72</sub>)-shonkinite (Fo<sub>72-77</sub>)-carbonatite (Fo<sub>∼90</sub> <sub>and 63–65</sub> present study) to ferrosyenite (Fo<sub>03-06</sub>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134918273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100309
Igor V. Ashchepkov , Sergei M. Zhmodik , Dmitry M. Belyanin , Olga N. Kiseleva , Nikolai S. Karmanov , Nikolai S. Medvedev
<div><div>The Beloziminsky Massif (BZM) is an alkaline ultramafic carbonatite complex that includes carbonatites, ijolites, meltegites, and syenites (abbreviated as the CIMS suite) as well as aillikite intrusions that range in age from 645–621 Ma. Aillikite intrusions also occur in the Yuzhnaya Pipe (YuP), located about 16 km eastward of the BZM. Over 5400 analyses in total were conducted to compare mineralogy and geochemistry of different rock types in this study; of these, 24 CIMS samples (>1100 analyses) and about 16 aillikites (>2300 analyses) were collected from within the BZM; the rest are aillikite mineral samples from pipes and dykes outside the massif (>2000 analyses). The results suggest significant differences in sources for rock-forming minerals, less so for the accessories. The pyroxenes in aillikite correspond either to mantle Cr-diopside xenocrysts or megacrystic augites. Low-Na Ti-augites and diopsides as well as aegirines are prevalent in the CIMS intrusive suite. Amphiboles show a considerably long compositional trend, from hornblendes to richterites. Dolomitic carbonatites include admixtures of Na, K, and Ba while calcium carbonatites often contain Sr. The carbonate-rich aillikitics are enriched either in Mg or Ca. The CIMS rocks, particularly the Ca-Mg carbonatites, often include siderites. Thermobarometry for the YuP samples, collected from outside the BZM and containing Cr-diopsides, Cr-phlogopites and Cr-spinels, suggest a formation pressure of 2–4 GPa and a temperature of 800–1250°C; augite xenocrysts with elevated HFSE, U, Th, and Al-augites trace a 90 mW/m<sup>2</sup> geotherm.</div><div>The huge thermal impact of the plume that triggered the break-up of Rodinia also created a series of ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite massifs. Initially, the aillikites in the mantle were likely produced by the plume-induced melting of carbonated metasomatites containing ilmenite, perovskites, apatites, amphiboles and phlogopites which, in turn, were created by subduction-related melts. Any additional enrichment in the ore components might have occurred subsequentlty in the lower crust, due to liquation. The aillikites inside the BZM contain low-temperature clinopyroxenes tracing a steep advective geotherm (0.4–1.5 GPa); they also contain clots, related to intermediate depth magma chambers, together with CIMS pyroxenes and amphiboles. This suggests that the liquation of aillikites was accompanied by density separation and assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) fractionation with the participation of crustal material. Trace elements (especially REEs) in silicate minerals, carbonates, apatites, and accessories (perovskites, pyrochlores, monazites, columbites, zircons, ancylites, etc.) show a general rise in REE levels and La/Yb<sub>n</sub> ratios from aillikites to ijolites, and later to Fe- carbonatites. The presence of zircons, monazites, columbite-tantalites, and other Zr-Hf and Ta-Nb minerals like perovskites and tan
{"title":"Comparative mineralogy, geochemistry and petrology of the Beloziminsky Massif and its aillikite intrusions","authors":"Igor V. Ashchepkov , Sergei M. Zhmodik , Dmitry M. Belyanin , Olga N. Kiseleva , Nikolai S. Karmanov , Nikolai S. Medvedev","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2024.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Beloziminsky Massif (BZM) is an alkaline ultramafic carbonatite complex that includes carbonatites, ijolites, meltegites, and syenites (abbreviated as the CIMS suite) as well as aillikite intrusions that range in age from 645–621 Ma. Aillikite intrusions also occur in the Yuzhnaya Pipe (YuP), located about 16 km eastward of the BZM. Over 5400 analyses in total were conducted to compare mineralogy and geochemistry of different rock types in this study; of these, 24 CIMS samples (>1100 analyses) and about 16 aillikites (>2300 analyses) were collected from within the BZM; the rest are aillikite mineral samples from pipes and dykes outside the massif (>2000 analyses). The results suggest significant differences in sources for rock-forming minerals, less so for the accessories. The pyroxenes in aillikite correspond either to mantle Cr-diopside xenocrysts or megacrystic augites. Low-Na Ti-augites and diopsides as well as aegirines are prevalent in the CIMS intrusive suite. Amphiboles show a considerably long compositional trend, from hornblendes to richterites. Dolomitic carbonatites include admixtures of Na, K, and Ba while calcium carbonatites often contain Sr. The carbonate-rich aillikitics are enriched either in Mg or Ca. The CIMS rocks, particularly the Ca-Mg carbonatites, often include siderites. Thermobarometry for the YuP samples, collected from outside the BZM and containing Cr-diopsides, Cr-phlogopites and Cr-spinels, suggest a formation pressure of 2–4 GPa and a temperature of 800–1250°C; augite xenocrysts with elevated HFSE, U, Th, and Al-augites trace a 90 mW/m<sup>2</sup> geotherm.</div><div>The huge thermal impact of the plume that triggered the break-up of Rodinia also created a series of ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite massifs. Initially, the aillikites in the mantle were likely produced by the plume-induced melting of carbonated metasomatites containing ilmenite, perovskites, apatites, amphiboles and phlogopites which, in turn, were created by subduction-related melts. Any additional enrichment in the ore components might have occurred subsequentlty in the lower crust, due to liquation. The aillikites inside the BZM contain low-temperature clinopyroxenes tracing a steep advective geotherm (0.4–1.5 GPa); they also contain clots, related to intermediate depth magma chambers, together with CIMS pyroxenes and amphiboles. This suggests that the liquation of aillikites was accompanied by density separation and assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) fractionation with the participation of crustal material. Trace elements (especially REEs) in silicate minerals, carbonates, apatites, and accessories (perovskites, pyrochlores, monazites, columbites, zircons, ancylites, etc.) show a general rise in REE levels and La/Yb<sub>n</sub> ratios from aillikites to ijolites, and later to Fe- carbonatites. The presence of zircons, monazites, columbite-tantalites, and other Zr-Hf and Ta-Nb minerals like perovskites and tan","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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