International Turfgrass Society Research Journal最新文献

The turfgrass sector does not produce food or feed, but it is nonetheless important for a more sustainable future in agreement with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as outlined in Agenda 2030 (United Nations, 2015). Among the SDGs strongly related to the turfgrass sector are SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 14 (life below water), SDG 15 (life on land), and SDG 17 (partnership for the goals).

The present Volume 14 of the International Turfgrass Society Research Journal (ITSRJ) contains scientific and technical papers published in conjunction with the 14th International Turfgrass Research Conference (ITRC) to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark from 10 to 15 July 2022. The conference is organized by the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation (STERF) under the auspices of the International Turfgrass Society (ITS), and with ‘Development and Sustainability’ as the overarching theme.

The ITS is a not-for-profit organization with the aim to encourage research and education in turfgrass science. Since its establishment in 1969, ITS’ main activity has been the ITRCs which are held every fourth year. The 14th ITRC was originally planned for July 2021 but had to be postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research presented at the ITRCs were initially published as proceedings, but in 1993, ITS established ITSRJ with quadrennial volumes coinciding with the conferences. From Volume 13 (2017), the ITSRJ has been in digital format only.

While ITSRJ is a fully refereed journal, its quadrennial status prohibits it from having an impact factor. For this reason, some of the papers to be presented at the 2022 ITRC have been published in special issues of Agronomy Journal (13 full papers; https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14350645/2021/113/5) and Crop Science (28 full papers; https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14350653/2021/61/5). The present main Volume 14 of ITSRJ contains 84 full papers and 37 short communications which have all been subjected to peer review by least two anonymous reviewers to ITS Standards and under the leadership of the seven Technical and 32 Associate Editors acknowledged on the following page. Nineteen Technical Papers are published in an Appendix to this main volume as they have not been subjected to a stringent peer review, but only a lenient check for language, avoidance of commercial aspects, and clarification of methods and results by ITSRJ Assistant Editor, Dr. Doug Soldat.

Through a contract between ITS and the Alliance of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science Societies (ACSESS; ASA-CSSA-SSSA), who now partners with Wiley publishing company, authors, editors, and reviewers have enjoyed the great benefits of using Wile

Editor

Trygve S. Aamlid, Norway

Assistant Editor

Douglas J. Soldat, USA

Technical Editors

Annick Bertrand, Canada

Don Loch, Australia

Simone Magni, Italy

Ruth Mann, UK

Scott McElroy, USA

James Murphy, USA

Eric Watkins, USA

Associate Editors

James Baird, USA

Sofia Blank, Sweden

Leah Brilman, USA

Michelle DaCosta, USA

John Dempsey, UK

Tatsiana Espevig, Norway

Philip Ford, Australia

Josh Friell, USA

David Gardner, USA

Richard Gibbs, UK/New Zealand

Diego Gomez de Barreda Ferraz, Spain

Gerald Henry, USA

Tom Hsiang, USA

James Kerns, USA

Jerry Knox, UK

Paul Koch, USA

Stan Kostka, USA

Christopher Lambrides, Australia

Stefano Macolino, Italy

Gerald Miller, USA

Nicholas Ntoulas, USA

Dara Park, USA

Ulrike Pitha, Austria

Wolfgang Pramässing, Germany

Yaling Qian, USA

Travis Shaddox, USA

Gwen Stahnke, USA

Alan Stewart, New Zealand

Yan Sun, China

Nathan Walker, USA

Micah Woods, Thailand

Tom Young, UK

Since 2020, the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy (NIBIO) Turfgrass Research Group has been studying agronomic, environmental, and economic consequences of switching to light-weight robotic mowers on golf course fairways and semiroughs. Preliminary results from field trials in 2020 and 2021 at the NIBIO Turfgrass Research Center Landvik, Norway, and demonstration trials on one golf course in each of the five Nordic countries, showed that turfgrass quality with robotic mowing was similar to manual mowing. At Landvik, robotic mowing resulted in less disease in both fairway and semirough but more infestation of white clover than manual mowing in the semirough. A survey of players’ attitudes to robotic mowers conducted on the five golf courses showed that about 90% of the players were positive or neutral to the new technology. However, respondents asked for better adaptation of the local rules on the golf course and even the international rules of golf to robotic mowing.

Managing soil organic matter is a crucial component of greenkeeping and turfgrass maintenance. Organic matter accumulation as thatch is a major problem in modern turfgrass management. Additionally, soil water repellency (SWR) caused by hydrophobic organic coatings on sand particles can create serious soil water infiltration and potential runoff problems and contribute to a reduction in turf quality and playability. Lignin is a major component of thatch and acts as protective matrix limiting microbial degradation of cellulose and hemi-celluloses. This article reviews lignin structure and its unique oxidation mechanism that makes it suitable for use in turfgrass systems and the research progress to develop laccase as a tool to manage thatch layer and SWR. A series of experiments explored the potential for direct application of fungal produced enzymes to degrade lignin, speed thatch degradation, and thereby reduce thatch accumulation. Greenhouse studies provided proof of concept and confirmed laccase impact on physical and chemical properties of thatch. Field studies verified the effectiveness of laccase application on different turfgrass species and optimized application rates and frequency. The reduction in thatch layer thickness by laccase treatments was similar to reductions achieved by cultural management and greater reductions occurred when applied in combination with cultural management. The use of laccase and other enzymes to ameliorate SWR was verified by a series of laboratory and field studies. Single applications of laccase were effective in reducing SWR but not as effective as wetting agents. Enzyme applications combined with a wetting agent to provide maximum relief of SWR. Application of laccase in combination with core-aeration and sand topdressing could reduce the number of mechanical cultivations necessary to keep thatch layers at desired levels and reduce the potential for SWR. Laccase could provide a nondisruptive organic approach to manage thatch and SWR on highly managed turfgrass.