Pedal Poll/Sondo Vélo, Canada’s national volunteer bicycle count, completed its fourth count year in 2024. We analyzed this large, crowdsourced dataset of 204,584 people on bikes counted across 64 Canadian communities over four years to examine trends in cycling rates (people on bikes/hour) and their associations with cycling infrastructure type and accessibility to destinations. We classified the infrastructure at count sites according to the Canadian Bikeway Comfort and Safety (Can-BICS) classification system using Google Street View imagery and linked count sites to accessibility to destinations using national Spatial Access Measures (SAM) data. We used generalized linear mixed models to model the relationship between bicycle counts and the count year, count time of day, infrastructure at count sites, and accessibility to destinations, and included random effects for repeated sampling at the same count sites over time. We found that, relative to sites with no cycling infrastructure, medium and high comfort cycling infrastructure was associated with 55% and 105% higher cycling volumes respectively. Similarly, a 1 interquartile (IQR) increase in accessibility to destinations was associated with 65% percent increase in cycling volume. Relative to weekday morning counts, weekdays from 4–6 pm were associated with 53% higher cycling volumes, and weekends from 12–2 pm were associated with 28% higher cycling volumes. We did not see a change in the rate of people cycling over time at sites with medium or high comfort cycling infrastructure, but for the 112 count sessions at sites with low comfort infrastructure, each successive year was associated with a 12% decrease in cycling volume. These findings show that safe, high-comfort cycling infrastructure and accessibility to destinations are both associated with higher rates of cycling, and they highlight the value of a growing volunteer-collected dataset for advancing evidence on cycling in Canada.
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