Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00150.x
M. Raekallio , P.M. Taylor , M. Bloomfield
Post operative pain was evaluated in 13 horses subjectively and by measuring pre-defined behavioural and physiological variables. Twelve of the horses had undergone painful orthopaedic surgery and one had developed post anaesthetic myopathy and nerve damage after radiological examination under general anaesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected for catecholamine, ß-endorphin and cortisol assays before premedication and up to 72 h after surgery.
No differences were seen in head position, ground pawing or use of the operated leg between the pre-and post anaesthetic periods. The subjective pain score was higher at 4 h after anaesthesia than the pre-operative score. Mean plasma ß-endorphin concentration increased above pre-operative values at 6 and 12 h after anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and surgery did not change mean plasma cortisol concentration, but it was lower in samples collected at 48 and 72 h. There was considerable individual variation in plasma catecholamine concentrations. At some time points the plasma concentration of catecholamines was higher than before premedication, but the maximal concentrations for adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine did not occur simultaneously. Heart rate was increased at 2 and 4 h, and abdominal sounds were decreased at 2 h. Packed cell volume was decreased in samples taken 2 to 12 h after anaesthesia.
There was poor correlation between all the parameters measured in the study The subjective pain score and the plasma ß-endorphin concentration correlated with each other at several time points, but not during the immediate post operative period.
{"title":"A comparison of methods for evaluation of pain and distress after orthopaedic surgery in horses","authors":"M. Raekallio , P.M. Taylor , M. Bloomfield","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00150.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00150.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post operative pain was evaluated in 13 horses subjectively and by measuring pre-defined behavioural and physiological variables. Twelve of the horses had undergone painful orthopaedic surgery and one had developed post anaesthetic myopathy and nerve damage after radiological examination under general anaesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected for catecholamine, ß-endorphin and cortisol assays before premedication and up to 72 h after surgery.</p><p>No differences were seen in head position, ground pawing or use of the operated leg between the pre-and post anaesthetic periods. The subjective pain score was higher at 4 h after anaesthesia than the pre-operative score. Mean plasma ß-endorphin concentration increased above pre-operative values at 6 and 12 h after anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and surgery did not change mean plasma cortisol concentration, but it was lower in samples collected at 48 and 72 h. There was considerable individual variation in plasma catecholamine concentrations. At some time points the plasma concentration of catecholamines was higher than before premedication, but the maximal concentrations for adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine did not occur simultaneously. Heart rate was increased at 2 and 4 h, and abdominal sounds were decreased at 2 h. Packed cell volume was decreased in samples taken 2 to 12 h after anaesthesia.</p><p>There was poor correlation between all the parameters measured in the study The subjective pain score and the plasma ß-endorphin concentration correlated with each other at several time points, but not during the immediate post operative period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00150.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72281079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00260.X
J. Antognini
SUMMARY Inhalational anaesthetics potentiate neuromuscular blocking drugs. The exact sites are not known, but may include the central nervous system, the neuromuscular junction or muscle. Anaesthetic action in the brain could potentiate neuromuscular block directly, or indirectly by altering plasma catecholamine concentrations. In 5 goats anaesthetised with fentanyl and pentobarbitone, an experimental preparation was used in which isoflurane (end-tidal/exhaust 1.2–1.3%) was selectively delivered to either the torso (via the lungs) or brain (via an oxygenator/roller pump) during a stable ≅60% metocurine blockade (≅= 4–8 μg/min). Bilateral evoked gastrocnemius muscle twitch was accomplished with electrical stimulation (0.1 Hz) of the sciatic nerves, one of which was cut proximal to the stimulation site; output from the force transducer was digitised and stored on a computer. Blood samples were taken for metocurine, noradrenaline and adrenaline analysis. When isoflurane was added to the brain, % depression of the muscle twitch was unchanged at 64 ± 13% on the uncut side; the cut side was also unchanged. When isoflurane was added to the torso, % depression increased from 68 ± 14% to 82 ± 12% (P These data suggest that the periphery (neuromuscular junction or muscle) is the important site where isoflurane potentiates metocurine-induced neuromuscular blockade.
{"title":"Isoflurane potentiates metocurine via peripheral not central nervous system action","authors":"J. Antognini","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00260.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00260.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Inhalational anaesthetics potentiate neuromuscular blocking drugs. The exact sites are not known, but may include the central nervous system, the neuromuscular junction or muscle. Anaesthetic action in the brain could potentiate neuromuscular block directly, or indirectly by altering plasma catecholamine concentrations. In 5 goats anaesthetised with fentanyl and pentobarbitone, an experimental preparation was used in which isoflurane (end-tidal/exhaust 1.2–1.3%) was selectively delivered to either the torso (via the lungs) or brain (via an oxygenator/roller pump) during a stable ≅60% metocurine blockade (≅= 4–8 μg/min). Bilateral evoked gastrocnemius muscle twitch was accomplished with electrical stimulation (0.1 Hz) of the sciatic nerves, one of which was cut proximal to the stimulation site; output from the force transducer was digitised and stored on a computer. Blood samples were taken for metocurine, noradrenaline and adrenaline analysis. When isoflurane was added to the brain, % depression of the muscle twitch was unchanged at 64 ± 13% on the uncut side; the cut side was also unchanged. When isoflurane was added to the torso, % depression increased from 68 ± 14% to 82 ± 12% (P These data suggest that the periphery (neuromuscular junction or muscle) is the important site where isoflurane potentiates metocurine-induced neuromuscular blockade.","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75786318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00269.x
{"title":"Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists: An Introduction to the Association","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00269.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00269.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00269.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00271.x
Derek Flaherty
{"title":"Report from the Recipient of the 1996 Pharmacia and Upjohn Travel Award","authors":"Derek Flaherty","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00271.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00271.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00271.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00259.x
P.J. PASCOE
{"title":"The future of sharing information","authors":"P.J. PASCOE","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00259.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00259.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00259.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72279923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00264.X
L. Hall, E. Lagerweij, A. Nolan, J. Sear
SUMMARY Propofol by infusion was administered to 6 adult beagle dogs on 2 separate occasions. The dogs received either no premedication or 20 μg/kg im medetomidine 15 min before induction of anaesthesia, with propofol given at 7 mg/kg/min to permit tracheal intubation. After tracheal intubation the infusion rate was maintained for 120 min at 0.4 mg/kg/min in the non-premedicated, and 0.2 mg/kg/min in the premedicated dogs. The latter group received atipamezole 50 μg/kg im immediately at the end of the infusion. After induction of anaesthesia, a 7F balloon catheter designed for thermal dilution measurement of cardiac output was inserted via the right jugular vein. Blood propofol concentrations were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection and kinetic variables calculated using non-compartmental moment analysis. The induction dose of propofol was 7.00 (sem 0.55) mg/kg in non-premedicated compared with 3.09 (0.25) mg/kg in premedicated dogs. There were differences in systemic clearance and mean residence time (MRTiv); 47.5 (6.2) ml/kg/min vs 29.0 (4.4) ml/kg/min (non-premedicated vs premedicated) and 132.3 (5.2) min vs 152.4 (3.1) min (P
对6只成年beagle犬进行了2次异丙酚输注。麻醉前15分钟不给药或给予20 μg/kg的美托咪定，同时给予7 mg/kg/min的异丙酚，允许气管插管。气管插管后，未预用药犬保持0.4 mg/kg/min的输注速率，预用药犬保持0.2 mg/kg/min的输注速率120 min。后者组在输注结束后立即给予阿替帕唑50 μg/kg im。麻醉诱导后，经右颈静脉插入用于心输出量热稀释测量的7F球囊导管。采用高效液相色谱法测定血丙泊酚浓度，采用非室室矩分析计算动力学变量。未预用药异丙酚诱导剂量为7.00 (0.55)mg/kg，预用药犬为3.09 (0.25)mg/kg。系统清除率和平均停留时间(MRTiv)存在差异;47.5 (6.2) ml/kg/min vs 29.0 (4.4) ml/kg/min(未预用药vs预用药)和132.3 (5.2)min vs 152.4 (3.1) min (P
{"title":"Disposition of propofol after medetomidine premedication in beagle dogs","authors":"L. Hall, E. Lagerweij, A. Nolan, J. Sear","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00264.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00264.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Propofol by infusion was administered to 6 adult beagle dogs on 2 separate occasions. The dogs received either no premedication or 20 μg/kg im medetomidine 15 min before induction of anaesthesia, with propofol given at 7 mg/kg/min to permit tracheal intubation. After tracheal intubation the infusion rate was maintained for 120 min at 0.4 mg/kg/min in the non-premedicated, and 0.2 mg/kg/min in the premedicated dogs. The latter group received atipamezole 50 μg/kg im immediately at the end of the infusion. After induction of anaesthesia, a 7F balloon catheter designed for thermal dilution measurement of cardiac output was inserted via the right jugular vein. Blood propofol concentrations were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection and kinetic variables calculated using non-compartmental moment analysis. The induction dose of propofol was 7.00 (sem 0.55) mg/kg in non-premedicated compared with 3.09 (0.25) mg/kg in premedicated dogs. There were differences in systemic clearance and mean residence time (MRTiv); 47.5 (6.2) ml/kg/min vs 29.0 (4.4) ml/kg/min (non-premedicated vs premedicated) and 132.3 (5.2) min vs 152.4 (3.1) min (P","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77023486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00261.X
E. Martinez, A. Wooldridge, D. Mercer, M. Slater, S. M. Hartsfield
SUMMARY The cardiovascular effects of doxacurium were studied in 6 isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs. Each dog was anaesthetised twice, receiving doxacurium (0.008 mg/kg bwt) or placebo iv. Dogs were ventilated to normocapnia. Heart rate, cardiac index, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure were determined. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed using the train-of-four technique. After recording baseline values, dogs randomly received either doxacurium or placebo iv, and data were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min. At 120 min, dogs treated with doxacurium received edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg bwt iv) to antagonise neuromuscular blockade; dogs treated with placebos received saline iv. No statistically significant differences were detected after doxacurium compared to placebo. In both the doxacurium and placebo groups, significant increases in systolic arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke volume and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance occurred with time. Doxacurium depressed twitch tension 100% in all dogs (time to maximal twitch depression, 11 ± 7 min). First twitch tension was less than 10% of baseline values in all dogs at the time (120 min) of edrophonium administration. Additional edrophonium (1.0 ± 0.4 mg/kg iv) was required to obtain a fourth twitch to first twitch ratio of greater than 0.70. In conclusion, doxacurium is a long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent with no significant cardiovascular effects in isoflurane-anesthetised dogs. In dogs, doxacurium is indicated primarily for long surgical procedures requiring neuromuscular blockade and cardiovascular stability.
{"title":"Cardiovascular effects of doxacurium chloride in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs","authors":"E. Martinez, A. Wooldridge, D. Mercer, M. Slater, S. M. Hartsfield","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00261.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00261.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The cardiovascular effects of doxacurium were studied in 6 isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs. Each dog was anaesthetised twice, receiving doxacurium (0.008 mg/kg bwt) or placebo iv. Dogs were ventilated to normocapnia. Heart rate, cardiac index, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure were determined. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed using the train-of-four technique. After recording baseline values, dogs randomly received either doxacurium or placebo iv, and data were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min. At 120 min, dogs treated with doxacurium received edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg bwt iv) to antagonise neuromuscular blockade; dogs treated with placebos received saline iv. No statistically significant differences were detected after doxacurium compared to placebo. In both the doxacurium and placebo groups, significant increases in systolic arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke volume and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance occurred with time. Doxacurium depressed twitch tension 100% in all dogs (time to maximal twitch depression, 11 ± 7 min). First twitch tension was less than 10% of baseline values in all dogs at the time (120 min) of edrophonium administration. Additional edrophonium (1.0 ± 0.4 mg/kg iv) was required to obtain a fourth twitch to first twitch ratio of greater than 0.70. In conclusion, doxacurium is a long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent with no significant cardiovascular effects in isoflurane-anesthetised dogs. In dogs, doxacurium is indicated primarily for long surgical procedures requiring neuromuscular blockade and cardiovascular stability.","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83474512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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