Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care最新文献

Prospective psychometric validation of the swahili translated and adapted Pediatric Patient Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (Ped-PRO-CTCAE)

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2025.100014

Hutton Chapman , Jacqueline Kamanga , Heronima J. Kashaigili , Kristin Schroeder

Background

High quality clinical research is necessary in order to address the significant disparities in pediatric cancer outcomes seen in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patient reported outcomes are now recognized as a critical part of many clinical trials, however, use of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in LMICs is limited by the lack of thoroughly translated and validated PRO surveys. To address this gap in Tanzania, we subsequently undertook the prospective psychometric validation of a recently translated Swahili Ped-PRO-CTCAE survey in order to support its use in Swahili speaking settings.

Methodology

Between June and September, 2023, 41 patients seen in the pediatric oncology clinic at Bugando Medical Centre, in Mwanza, Tanzania, were enrolled. Patients or their parents, as age appropriate, were administered the Swahili Ped-PRO-CTCAE. Simultaneously, a CTCAE provider assessment was completed. Descriptive statistical and psychometric analysis of survey results was performed using R.

Results

49 surveys were collected, with 8 participants repeating surveys at later clinic visits. Internal consistency within symptom domains was supported by polychoric correlation coefficients all ≥ 0.5 with most ≥ 0.7. Principle component analysis of all evaluable symptom domains demonstrated one component explained > 70 % of the cumulative variance for most symptoms. Concurrent validity was supported as nearly all Spearman correlation coefficients between Ped-PRO-CTCAE questions and relevant provider assessment questions were all ≥ 0.5.

Conclusions

Administration of the Swahili translated and adapted Ped-PRO-CTCAE in a representative Swahili speaking pediatric cancer patient population proved feasible and psychometric evaluation of survey results support the validity of the translation.

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引用次数: 0

Performance of Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) in predicting nutritional status among children with cancer: A cross-sectional study

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2025.100013

Maira Razzaq , Qaisar Raza , Muniba Khaliq , Sajid Khan Tahir , Mahwish Faizan

Background

Children diagnosed with cancer are more susceptible to malnutrition and should receive extra consideration when it comes to nutritional evaluation. It is difficult to analyze nutritional status in children undergoing cancer therapy because there isn't a single, reliable tool. Anthropometric measurements are the most widely used objective tool for evaluating malnutrition in children; but it can be easily affected by disease and treatment, reducing its accuracy for evaluating body composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) in predicting nutritional status as compared to anthropometric measurements among children with cancer in Pakistan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in oncology department of hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. SGNA along with anthropometric were conducted on children aged 2–18 years receiving oncological treatment. To evaluate agreement between SGNA and anthropometric indicators in identifying malnutrition status, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) was performed.

Results

In 135 children 68.1 % were identified as having moderate or severe malnutrition according to SGNA. SGNA demonstrated the best performance with MUAC/A, showing a sensitivity of 85.7 %, specificity of 47.2 %, PPV of 58.7 %, and NPV of 88.1 %. But the agreement between SGNA and objective measures was only fair.

Conclusion

The SGNA proved useful for assessing the nutritional status of children with cancer and was effective in monitoring the prevalence of malnutrition when compared to objective nutritional evaluation methods.

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of Templer’s death anxiety scale using item response theory

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100012

Furong Chen , Yiguo Deng , Siyu Li , Qihan Zhang , M. Tish Knobf , Zengjie Ye

Objective

Recently, the importance of assessing death anxiety (DA) has gained increasing recognition. The Chinese version of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (C-T-DAS) is one of the most commonly used tools to evaluate death anxiety in cancer patients. This study is the first to examine the C-T-DAS in cancer patients using both non-parametric and parametric item response theory (IRT) methods.

Methods

This study included cancer patients from the "Be Resilient to Cancer" project in Guangdong, China, who completed the C-T-DAS after recruitment. The data collected were then randomly divided into Dataset 1 and Dataset 2 at a 1:1 ratio. Unidimensionality, monotonicity and local independence was estimated by non-parameter IRT of Mokken scale analysis (MSA) in Dataset 1. Parameter Item Response Theory (IRT) was performed in Dataset 2. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis was used to compare the gender differences in all samples.

Results

A total of 462 patients participated in the study. Through MSA, three items were removed, and two factors, "Fear of Death" and "Acceptance of Death," were retained. IRT analysis showed strong discrimination, moderate difficulty, and low guessing probabilities for the items. Additionally, DIF analysis revealed non-uniform gender differences in one item from the "Fear of Death" dimension.

Conclusion

The revised C-T-DAS exhibits robust validity and reliability for evaluating death anxiety in Chinese cancer patients.

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引用次数: 0

Quality criteria for paediatric oncology centres in Switzerland: A multistakeholder consensus finding process

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100011

Sarah P. Schladerer , Maria Otth , Katrin Scheinemann

Introduction

Quality criteria aim to standardise and optimise the care provided to patients. Quality criteria for paediatric oncology centres exist in several countries but are missing for Switzerland. Therefore, we aimed to define quality criteria for paediatric oncology centres in Switzerland.

Methods

We conducted a three-round modified online Delphi process with 65 national stakeholders to reach a consensus on quality criteria retrieved from international sources. We asked stakeholders to decide on the relevance of categories of quality criteria (round 1), to rate (round 2) and re-rate (round 3) quality criteria regarding their relevance on a 5-point Likert scale, and to agree on a final list of quality criteria (round 3).

Results

Twenty-nine stakeholders (response rate (RR) 45 %) participated in round 1, 23 (RR 35 %) in round 2, and 24 (RR 37 %) in round 3. In round 1, ≥ 50 % of stakeholders agreed that the six categories of facilities, multidisciplinary team and other experts, supportive care, treatment, long-term care, and volume and numbers are relevant in round 1. In round 2, ≥ 75 % of stakeholders rated 61 quality criteria as “relevant” or “very relevant”. In round 3, ≥ 75 % of stakeholders rated one additional quality criterion as “relevant” or “very relevant”, resulting in the agreement on a list of 62 relevant quality criteria.

Conclusion

Implementing these quality criteria can improve transparency, comparability, and, therefore, the quality of care in treatment centres. These quality criteria can be piloted nationally but need to be regularly reviewed. They may also serve as a reference for other countries.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing needs at the workplace: The development of a questionnaire for oncology professionals

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100010

Francesca Chiesi , Georgia Marunic , Aldo Chioni , Lucia Caligiani , Laura Belloni , Monica Giuli , Guido Miccinesi , Andrea Bonacchi

Background and aim

The unmet needs of patients with cancer have been largely documented, but there is a lack of investigations into the needs of people who care for them. The current study aimed to fill this gap by developing a valid, reliable, easy-to-use questionnaire to assess the work-related needs of oncology professionals.

Methods

The instrument was developed following several phases. Different groups of experts worked to identify the relevant needs and to formulate a provisional pool of items and the relative response mode. Content validity was tested, and some adjustments were made excluding some items and changing the response mode. The psychometric properties of the resulting questionnaire were analyzed collecting data on a large sample of oncology professionals (N= 380; 80% females; age: M = 48.25, SD = 10.64 [range: 23-77], 35.8% physicians, 42.6% nurses, 8.4% socio-health workers, 7.9% medical diagnostic technicians, 5.3% psychologists).

Results

During different steps of exploratory factor analyses, several items were removed, and four factors emerged. Exploratory graph analysis confirmed the presence of four clusters consisting of the same items. Construct and criterion validity were tested founding evidence of relationships with resilience, job satisfaction, psychological, relational and general well-being, work-related burnout, depression, and stress. Incremental validity was also proved.

Conclusion

The present study provides a reliable and valid questionnaire to evaluate the needs of oncology professionals. Surveying these needs could be done to prevent psycho-physical discomfort, promote well-being, and, eventually, improve the quality of healthcare service delivery.

{"title":"Assessing needs at the workplace: The development of a questionnaire for oncology professionals","authors":"Francesca Chiesi , Georgia Marunic , Aldo Chioni , Lucia Caligiani , Laura Belloni , Monica Giuli , Guido Miccinesi , Andrea Bonacchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>The unmet needs of patients with cancer have been largely documented, but there is a lack of investigations into the needs of people who care for them. The current study aimed to fill this gap by developing a valid, reliable, easy-to-use questionnaire to assess the work-related needs of oncology professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The instrument was developed following several phases. Different groups of experts worked to identify the relevant needs and to formulate a provisional pool of items and the relative response mode. Content validity was tested, and some adjustments were made excluding some items and changing the response mode. The psychometric properties of the resulting questionnaire were analyzed collecting data on a large sample of oncology professionals (N= 380; 80% females; age: M = 48.25, SD = 10.64 [range: 23-77], 35.8% physicians, 42.6% nurses, 8.4% socio-health workers, 7.9% medical diagnostic technicians, 5.3% psychologists).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During different steps of exploratory factor analyses, several items were removed, and four factors emerged. Exploratory graph analysis confirmed the presence of four clusters consisting of the same items. Construct and criterion validity were tested founding evidence of relationships with resilience, job satisfaction, psychological, relational and general well-being, work-related burnout, depression, and stress. Incremental validity was also proved.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides a reliable and valid questionnaire to evaluate the needs of oncology professionals. Surveying these needs could be done to prevent psycho-physical discomfort, promote well-being, and, eventually, improve the quality of healthcare service delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100896,"journal":{"name":"Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing validity through cognitive interviewing: A methodological example using the registered nursing forecasting nurse survey

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100008

Zhuming Bao , Jenny Harris , Verna Lavender , Anne Marie Rafferty , Jo Armes

Purpose

Systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) nurses are facing increasing workload challenges against the backdrop of increased treatment complexity and patient caseload, coupled with a lack of policy guidance or research about the required composition of SACT workforce to ensure optimal care and outcomes. The Registered Nursing Forecasting (RN4CAST) study is an international research initiative designed to model what happens to the quality of patient care and care outcomes when components of the workforce change in acute and geriatric inpatient units. The insights from the RN4CAST have not been applied to the oncology setting. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to amend and test the RN4CAST nurse survey to ensure draft Registered Nursing Forecasting SACT day unit (RN4CAST-SACT-D) survey items are relevant, unambiguous/straightforward and the design/format is usable.

Methods

This study adopted cognitive interviewing (CI), it combed two analytical approaches (reparative approach and descriptive approach) while Question Appraisal System (QAS) and cognitive theory were adopted.

Results

Totally, 12 interviews were conducted within two rounds, 48 items remained unchanged, 20 items underwent rephrasing for enhanced clarity, 20 new items were incorporated to address test content gaps, and adjustments were made to the provided answers to 5 questions.

Conclusion

This study refined the RN4CAST survey for SACT day units through cognitive interviewing, addressing comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and response.issues. Adjustments in wording improved clarity and relevance, aligning the survey with nurses' experiences.

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引用次数: 0

Patient reported experience measures to assess psychosocial cancer care: A rapid review of current instruments 用于评估社会心理癌症护理的患者报告体验测量方法：对现有工具的快速审查

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100007

Zoe Clothier , Jo Armes , Agnieszka Kehinde , Victoria Mumford , Kate Upshon , Clare Williamson , Rachel MacAthur , Rachel Stevenson , Sophie Otter , May Teoh , Jenny Harris

Purpose

Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) are instruments that capture patients’ perspectives of health care services and offer insight into the perceived quality of care and identify areas for improvement. This rapid review aimed to identify and evaluate existing PREMs that explore patients’ experiences of psychosocial cancer care, describe their conceptual content and assess the quality of their development.

Methods

Databases (MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched from January 1995 to January 2023. Eligible papers included PREMs developed or tested in adult cancer populations. The psychosocial content of concepts assessed by PREMs were mapped and the quality of their development assessed using the Quality Assessment Checklist (QAC).

Results

Twenty-three articles describing the development of 20 PREMs were identified. The content of these PREMs varied in terms of psychosocial domain coverage and the rigour of the development process. Quality assessment indicated that whilst instruments were well-developed, psychometric testing at this stage was less thoroughly reported on.

Conclusion

Several patient-reported instruments are available to measure patients’ psychosocial cancer care experiences; however, these differ in content and thoroughness. The choice of instrument used by researchers will therefore depend on research or clinical objectives and on striking a balance between comprehension and length. Limitations of this review are discussed.

目的患者报告体验测量（Patient Reported Experience Measures，PREMs）是一种记录患者对医疗保健服务看法的工具，可帮助患者深入了解所感知的医疗保健质量并确定需要改进的方面。本快速综述旨在识别和评估现有的患者社会心理癌症护理经验报告量表（PREMs），描述其概念内容并评估其开发质量。符合条件的论文包括在成人癌症人群中开发或测试的 PREMs。对 PREMs 所评估概念的社会心理内容进行了映射，并使用质量评估核对表 (QAC) 对其开发质量进行了评估。这些 PREM 的内容在社会心理领域的覆盖面和开发过程的严谨性方面各不相同。质量评估表明，虽然工具开发得很好，但对这一阶段的心理测试报告得不太全面。结论目前有多种患者报告工具可用于测量患者的社会心理癌症护理体验；但是，这些工具的内容和全面性各不相同。因此，研究人员对工具的选择将取决于研究或临床目标，以及在理解力和篇幅之间取得平衡。本综述的局限性也在讨论之列。

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (SABS-C8) for health professionals in cancer care settings 性态度和信念量表（SABS-C8）的心理测量特性，适用于癌症护理环境中的医护人员

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2024.100006

Sharon Linsey Bingham , Cherith Jane Semple , Sean Richard O’Connor , Lynn Dunwoody

Background

Cancer and associated treatment can have a significant and detrimental impact on a person’s sexual wellbeing. Sexual attitudes and beliefs of healthcare professionals (HPs) working in cancer care settings can affect the support provided to help patients and partners to manage these concerns. This study evaluated psychometric properties of the Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (SABS-C8) adapted for use in cancer care settings.

Methods

Adaptation of original SABS was informed by evidence reviews and an expert panel of researchers. The 12-item SABS was completed by HPs working in cancer care (n = 391) prior to completing an eLearning intervention aimed at promoting provision of sexual support to patients and partners. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted, reliability and validity of the scale were also explored.

Results

EFA showed potential for a three-factor model, with CFA indicating a better model fit (CMIN/DF < 3; GFI > .9; CFI > .9 and < RMSEA < .08) for 8 of the SABS-C items, lending support for a unidimensional model, with moderately acceptable reliability of.69. The 8-item scale was also able to discriminate between known groups with lower attitudinal barriers to providing sexual support apparent in HPs with over 12 years of experience, in nurses compared with other HPs, and in those with previous sexual wellbeing education (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The SABS-C8 is a brief scale with acceptable reliability that can be used to assess attitudinal barriers to sexual support and help to identify HPs learning needs around providing sexual support in cancer care.

背景癌症和相关治疗会对患者的性健康产生重大不利影响。在癌症护理环境中工作的医护人员（HPs）的性态度和信念会影响到为帮助患者和伴侣处理这些问题而提供的支持。本研究评估了性态度和信念量表（SABS-C8）的心理测量特性，该量表经调整后可用于癌症护理环境。在完成一项旨在促进向患者及其伴侣提供性支持的电子学习干预之前，由从事癌症护理工作的 HPs（n = 391）完成了 12 个项目的 SABS。结果EFA显示了三因素模型的潜力，而CFA则表明SABS-C中的8个条目具有较好的模型拟合度（CMIN/DF < 3; GFI > .9; CFI > .9 and < RMSEA < .08），支持单维模型，信度为0.69，可适度接受。8 个项目的量表还能够区分已知的群体，在具有 12 年以上工作经验的 HPs、护士与其他 HPs 相比，以及以前接受过性健康教育的 HPs 中，提供性支持的态度障碍明显较低（p <0.001）。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a structured questionnaire to assess cancer patients’ individual needs in general practice. A qualitative study 开发结构化问卷，以评估全科医生对癌症患者的个人需求。定性研究

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2023.100004

Frederik Rosenbæk , Sanne Rasmussen , Jens Søndergaard , Mette Terp Høybye , Dorte Gilså Hansen

Background

Present studies report a vast number of unmet rehabilitation needs for cancer patients and a lack of professional focus irrespective of the type of cancer, prognosis, treatment, and clinical setting. Therefore, interventions targeting individual needs assessments using patient-reported outcome measures are recommended.

Aim

This paper explores the perceived value of a primarily author-developed questionnaire that assesses the needs experienced by cancer patients and general practitioners in their interaction in general practice.

Methods

We conducted nine semi-structured qualitative interviews with nine general practitioners and nine cancer patients to evaluate their assessment of our 33-item questionnaire.

Results

The general practitioners and patients demonstrate similarities but differences in their perception of the questionnaire’s value. The general practitioners were anxious about the questionnaire's comprehensiveness, which could indicate to the patients that they should solve all their problems related to the aftermaths of their illness. This is why the alignment of expectations was essential to the general practitioners. The comprehensiveness was, however, also regarded as instructive to the general practitioners, given that they would get more knowledge about the patient’s conditions and problems. The patients saw the questionnaire as a helpful tool that could aid them in their illness, by targeting highly relevant areas that were not always addressed by their general practitioner. The comprehensiveness was thus regarded as helpful. They hoped the general practitioners would allocate enough time to go through all their needs, provided the general practitioners received the filled-in questionnaire before the consultations.

Conclusion

The GPs and patients favored the comprehensiveness of an author-developed structured questionnaire. Both groups agreed that it addressed all issues relevant to the patients during their illness. Although the GPs stressed that expectations should be aligned before introducing the questionnaire to the patients at consultations.

背景目前的研究报告显示，癌症患者存在大量未得到满足的康复需求，而且无论癌症类型、预后、治疗方法和临床环境如何，都缺乏专业关注。因此，建议使用患者报告的结果测量方法，针对个人需求评估进行干预。本文探讨了主要由作者开发的问卷的感知价值，该问卷用于评估癌症患者和全科医生在全科诊疗互动过程中体验到的需求。全科医生对问卷的全面性感到焦虑，因为这可能会向患者表明，他们应该解决与疾病后遗症有关的所有问题。因此，对全科医生来说，调整期望值至关重要。然而，全面性也被认为对普通医生有指导意义，因为他们可以获得更多关于病人病情和问题的知识。病人则认为问卷是一种有用的工具，可以帮助他们治疗疾病，因为它针对的是与疾病高度相关的领域，而这些领域并不总是由他们的全科医生来处理。因此，他们认为问卷的全面性很有帮助。他们希望全科医生能够分配足够的时间来了解他们的所有需求，前提是全科医生在会诊前收到填写完整的问卷。两组人都认为问卷涉及了患者在患病期间的所有相关问题。尽管全科医生强调，在会诊时向患者介绍问卷前应先统一预期。

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引用次数: 0

The HAIR-QoL measure Part 2: Validation of an instrument to measure of the severity and impact of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) HAIR-QoL测量第2部分:用于测量化疗性脱发(CIA)严重性和影响的仪器的验证

Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care

Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymecc.2023.100003

Julie Winstanley , Laura Libreros-Peña , Dorthe Schaffrin-Nabe , Azra Arif , Esther de Vries , Annie Young , Alice Markussen , Hope S. Rugo , M. Dercksen , Takayuki Kinoshita , Frances Boyle , Corina van den Hurk

Objective

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most common and distressing side effects related to cancer treatment. Few patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed specifically to measure the patient-experience of hair loss during chemotherapy treatment. In part I of this research, a set of provisional questionnaire items were developed for a new tool. This article focusses on the validation and psychometric testing of the CIA-specific scoring items in the provisional HAIR-QoL measure.

Methods

The provisional HAIR-QoL questionnaire, comprised of 43 CIA-specific items, was administered to a large sample of patients (n = 228) from 8 international centres, who were undergoing chemotherapy. Psychometric testing used a combination of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory methods; Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Rasch Analysis, respectively.

Results

From the initial item pool of 43 items, 28 items satisfied the criteria for inclusion into four components. The four subscales identified were as follows, 1) Concern about change in appearance, 2) Image of self, 3) Preparedness for hair loss and 4) Impact of hair loss on you and others. The results of the quantitative analyses, PCA and Rasch analysis, suggested modest amendment to the number of items to the provisional HAIR-QoL measure. Psychometric properties were reported to be very good/excellent for all four subscales and were found to be sensitive to detecting group differences.

Conclusion

The refined items which comprise the final HAIR-QoL measure were found to tap into several important psycho-social domains of concern for patients who experienced CIA. The subscale scores have the potential to inform future decision-making on patients’ unmet information and support needs and pave the way for personalised psychological care and more robust research on efficacy of scalp cooling.

化疗性脱发(CIA)是与癌症治疗相关的最常见和最令人痛苦的副作用之一。很少有患者报告的结果测量(PROMs)专门用于测量化疗期间脱发的患者体验。在本研究的第一部分中，为一个新工具开发了一套临时问卷项目。本文主要对暂定HAIR-QoL量表中cia特异性评分项目的验证和心理测试进行了研究。临时HAIR-QoL问卷由43个cia特定项目组成，对来自8个国际中心正在接受化疗的大样本患者(n=228)进行了管理。心理测试采用经典测试理论(CTT)和项目反应理论相结合的方法;主成分分析(PCA)和Rasch分析。从最初的43个项目池中，有28个项目符合纳入四个组成部分的标准。确定的四个子量表如下:1)对外貌变化的关注，2)自我形象，3)对脱发的准备，4)脱发对你和他人的影响。定量分析的结果，PCA和Rasch分析，建议适度修改临时性HAIR-QoL措施的项目数量。据报道，心理测量特性在所有四个分量表中都非常好/优秀，并且发现对检测组差异很敏感。研究发现，最终HAIR-QoL测量的精炼项目涉及到CIA患者关注的几个重要的心理-社会领域。子量表得分有可能为患者未满足的信息和支持需求的未来决策提供信息，并为个性化心理护理和更有力的头皮冷却功效研究铺平道路。

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引用次数: 1