Medicine Advances最新文献

Abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, may induce kidney damage during the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman with normal baseline kidney function (serum creatinine, 68.19 μmol/L; eGFR, 89 mL/(min·1.73 m²); blood urea nitrogen, 7.74 mmol/L; cystatin C, 0.74 mg/L) who developed stage 2 chronic kidney disease after 12 months of abemaciclib therapy (150 mg/day, twice daily). Three months after discontinuation, kidney function recovered (serum creatinine, 73.80 μmol/L; normalized cystatin C and uric acid), but creatinine rose again to 92.5 μmol/L within 1 month of reinitiation. This case suggests that long-term abemaciclib use may lead to kidney damage, potentially progressing to chronic kidney failure. Regular monitoring of renal function indicators is recommended before and during treatment.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive cancer that's usually detected at an advanced stage and has a high recurrence rate despite surgical resection, making treatment challenging. Although mitotane is still the only approved treatment, its poor effectiveness has raised interest in immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as avelumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab. By addressing ACC's immune response, ICIs and surgery together are intended to improve post-operative results and lower recurrence.

LINC00922, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located at chromosome 16q21, has emerged as a crucial regulatory molecule in cancer progression, chemotherapy resistance, and immune modulation. This lncRNA is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, with limited expression in the nucleus and exosomes. Elevated LINC00922 expression levels are associated with poor patient prognosis across various cancer types. LINC00922 can regulate cancer cell behavior through complex gene regulatory networks, including interactions with several key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, telomerase, and immune response pathways. Importantly, LINC00922 participates in multiple competing endogenous RNA axes, influencing the expression patterns of target microRNAs like miR-424-5p and miR-874-3p, which in turn regulate important cancer-related genes, such as TFAP2C and GDPD5 contributing to chemotherapy resistance. LINC00922 can also promote immune cell infiltration in tumors, with its high expression levels correlating with extensive immune cell presence, suggesting potential for cancer immunotherapy. Despite these promising findings, the upstream regulatory factors of LINC00922 remain poorly understood and further research is needed to fully uncover its clinical potential. In this review, we highlight the multifaceted roles of LINC00922 in cancer, emphasizing the need for future studies to explore its potential as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker.

SGLT2 inhibitors offer multifaceted cardiovascular benefits, including improved cardiac metabolism, reduced preload and afterload, and decreased myocardial infarction risk. These effects are driven by renoprotection, anti-inflammatory properties, improved mitochondrial function, osmotic diuresis, and glycemic control. Together, these mechanisms support the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Xanomeline-trospium chloride (cobenfy) is a muscarinic agonist used to treat hallucinations and psychotic illnesses such as Alzheimer's and Schizophrenia. It has been constructed for patients who are unable to tolerate dopamine-targeting therapies and a comparison is drawn against other similar drugs with variables like cost, mechanism of action, efficacy and contraindications taken into account. Specifically effective for schizophrenia, it is safer with fewer side effects and efficient with stronger success rates, offering pharmacists and physicians an alternative to mainstream antipsychotic drugs.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most commonly occurring mesenchymal tumors within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract yet, those located at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) are rare. We present a 31-year-old woman with morbid obesity and large (4.9 cm) polypoid mass adjacent to the GEJ. She was offered a laparoscopic transgastric GIST resection and adjuvant imatinib. Intraoperatively, a gastrotomy was created through which the polypoid tumor was successfully delivered for resection. The increasing prevalence of obesity can pose unique challenges to peri-operative management. Thoughtful innovations in surgical approach can save obese patients from increased morbidity or surgical delay.