Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.11.011
Chong Xu, Zhiwen Xue
{"title":"Applications and challenges of artificial intelligence in the field of disaster prevention, reduction, and relief","authors":"Chong Xu, Zhiwen Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 169-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266659212300121X/pdfft?md5=9ef7de3cdb67ae43758609be6a0b0d0d&pid=1-s2.0-S266659212300121X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2024.02.002
Monisha Mondol, Prodipto Bishnu Angon, A. Roy
{"title":"Effects of microplastics on soil physical, chemical and biological properties","authors":"Monisha Mondol, Prodipto Bishnu Angon, A. Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nhres.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.08.001
Jie Fei
Case studies of extreme sand/dust storm disasters in history are crucial for better understanding of sand/dust storm, whereas the bottleneck is lack of data. This paper attempts to reconstruct and assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of an extreme sand/dust storm disaster in North China on March 26th, 1862. Through extensive examination of historical documents, abundant and detailed materials were found in the Diaries of Xianqiao Shanfang, The Diary of Weng Tonghe, Diary in Jinmen (Jinmen Wen Jian Lu), Qing History Manuscripts and 13 historical local chronicles. A large-scale sand/dust storm occurred in North China on March 26th, 1862, which lasted about three days, and its spatial range covered 34∼40°N, 116∼120°E. The storm was very strong, and the horizontal visibility reduced to <50 m in some areas, therefore can be classified as an ‘extra-strong sand/dust storm’. This disaster caused a large number of casualties, therefore can be classified as an “extremely severe sand/dust storm disaster”. Tianjin was particularly seriously hit, dozens of people died of it. At least for Tianjin, this could be an unprecedented sand/dust storm disaster in history.
{"title":"Assessment of the extreme sand/dust storm disaster in North China on March 26th, 1862","authors":"Jie Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Case studies of extreme sand/dust storm disasters in history are crucial for better understanding of sand/dust storm, whereas the bottleneck is lack of data. This paper attempts to reconstruct and assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of an extreme sand/dust storm disaster in North China on March 26th, 1862. Through extensive examination of historical documents, abundant and detailed materials were found in the <em>Diaries of Xianqiao Shanfang</em>, <em>The Diary of Weng Tonghe</em>, <em>Diary in Jinmen (Jinmen Wen Jian Lu)</em>, <em>Qing History Manuscripts</em> and 13 historical local chronicles. A large-scale sand/dust storm occurred in North China on March 26th, 1862, which lasted about three days, and its spatial range covered 34∼40°N, 116∼120°E. The storm was very strong, and the horizontal visibility reduced to <50 m in some areas, therefore can be classified as an ‘extra-strong sand/dust storm’. This disaster caused a large number of casualties, therefore can be classified as an “extremely severe sand/dust storm disaster”. Tianjin was particularly seriously hit, dozens of people died of it. At least for Tianjin, this could be an unprecedented sand/dust storm disaster in history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 626-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88964765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.07.002
Zhongsheng Lei, Bo Zhang, Yunsheng Yao, Shiming Lu
Ancient buildings are priceless cultural relics of human. As a historic and cultural city in China, Wuwei is adorned with ancient buildings that serve as beautiful scenery and valuable cultural resources. These buildings have endured the attacks of the 1927 Gulang earthquake and several major earthquakes, providing us with rich and invaluable experience in earthquake resistance. This paper systematically reviews the damage caused by the 1927 Gulang M8 earthquake to ancient buildings, such as pagodas, official buildings, temples, city walls, ancient tombs, grottoes, and stone steles through literature collection, analysis, review, and field investigation. The study reveals that the impact of the Gulang earthquake on ancient buildings is mainly manifested in the destruction of the building structures. Examples include cracks in frameworks, damage to the joints of mortise and tenon structures, and the collapse of dome structures, etc. In addition to structural damage, there are also instances of gravity collapse and shaking off. The extent of damage is influenced by factors such as seismic intensity, construction materials, structural types, foundation types, distance, and directions. In order to protect ancient buildings to the greatest extent, appropriate strategies should be selected based on the type of ancient buildings. These strategies may include regular maintenance and reinforcement of weak parts in the building structures, the construction of supporting facilities to provide support for ancient buildings, and the implementation of measures such as seismic weakening and buffering. We firmly believe that by prioritizing earthquake-resistant protection for ancient buildings, and implementing necessary and reasonable protective measures, we can minimize earthquake damages to ancient buildings, and preserve the precious heritage of mankind for as long as possible.
{"title":"Preliminary research on the damage to ancient buildings and cultural relics caused by the 1927 Gulang M 8.0 earthquake, Northwest China","authors":"Zhongsheng Lei, Bo Zhang, Yunsheng Yao, Shiming Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ancient buildings are priceless cultural relics of human. As a historic and cultural city in China, Wuwei is adorned with ancient buildings that serve as beautiful scenery and valuable cultural resources. These buildings have endured the attacks of the 1927 Gulang earthquake and several major earthquakes, providing us with rich and invaluable experience in earthquake resistance. This paper systematically reviews the damage caused by the 1927 Gulang M8 earthquake to ancient buildings, such as pagodas, official buildings, temples, city walls, ancient tombs, grottoes, and stone steles through literature collection, analysis, review, and field investigation. The study reveals that the impact of the Gulang earthquake on ancient buildings is mainly manifested in the destruction of the building structures. Examples include cracks in frameworks, damage to the joints of mortise and tenon structures, and the collapse of dome structures, etc. In addition to structural damage, there are also instances of gravity collapse and shaking off. The extent of damage is influenced by factors such as seismic intensity, construction materials, structural types, foundation types, distance, and directions. In order to protect ancient buildings to the greatest extent, appropriate strategies should be selected based on the type of ancient buildings. These strategies may include regular maintenance and reinforcement of weak parts in the building structures, the construction of supporting facilities to provide support for ancient buildings, and the implementation of measures such as seismic weakening and buffering. We firmly believe that by prioritizing earthquake-resistant protection for ancient buildings, and implementing necessary and reasonable protective measures, we can minimize earthquake damages to ancient buildings, and preserve the precious heritage of mankind for as long as possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 614-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82030586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.005
Shuxin Yang
{"title":"Speech from research professor Shuxin Yang at the 2023 annual academic conference of the committee on Earthquake Hazard Chain, Seismological Society of China","authors":"Shuxin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 661-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.11.009
Ping Hao
The dissection of related Chinese literature of historical strong earthquakes is very important for formulating effective disaster mitigation measures. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (AD 1368–1910) in North China, there were three strong earthquakes (AD 1556 Huaxian M 8.25 earthquake, AD 1695 Linfen M 7.75 earthquake and AD 1815 Pinglu M 6.75 earthquake), caused great damages to local cities of southern Shanxi Province, including damages of various types of buildings, numerous casualties, while the society and economy suffered a sudden heavy blow. Meanwhile, the occurrence of these earthquakes also provides important opportunities to restore the regional social order. In addition to the support of national disaster relief policies, the local officials actively organized people to cope with the disasters, made every effort to reconstruct the cities, that reflected the feelings of "caring about People's livelihood" or "the principle of supremacy of life", to improve the efficiency of regional social order benign operation. Certainly, the recovery and reconstruction process after the three strong earthquakes reflected imbalance between different time, regions, and between urban and rural areas. The literature review in this article has certain reference significance for the formulation and improvement of current disaster reduction measures.
{"title":"Several strong historical earthquakes during Ming and Qing Dynasties and their effects to local reconstruction at Southern Shanxi Province, North China: Insight from the Chinese literature","authors":"Ping Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissection of related Chinese literature of historical strong earthquakes is very important for formulating effective disaster mitigation measures. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (AD 1368–1910) in North China, there were three strong earthquakes (AD 1556 Huaxian <em>M</em> 8.25 earthquake, AD 1695 Linfen <em>M</em> 7.75 earthquake and AD 1815 Pinglu <em>M</em> 6.75 earthquake), caused great damages to local cities of southern Shanxi Province, including damages of various types of buildings, numerous casualties, while the society and economy suffered a sudden heavy blow. Meanwhile, the occurrence of these earthquakes also provides important opportunities to restore the regional social order. In addition to the support of national disaster relief policies, the local officials actively organized people to cope with the disasters, made every effort to reconstruct the cities, that reflected the feelings of \"caring about People's livelihood\" or \"the principle of supremacy of life\", to improve the efficiency of regional social order benign operation. Certainly, the recovery and reconstruction process after the three strong earthquakes reflected imbalance between different time, regions, and between urban and rural areas. The literature review in this article has certain reference significance for the formulation and improvement of current disaster reduction measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 598-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.003
Jian Chen
{"title":"Great potential of study on earthquake disaster chains in the new era: Summary of the 2023 academic annual meeting of the Earthquake Disaster Chain Committee","authors":"Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 664-665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.001
Yueren Xu, Zihong Li, Jie Fei
{"title":"Preface to the special issue on Prehistorical/Historical Giant Hazards and their social effects in China","authors":"Yueren Xu, Zihong Li, Jie Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 595-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.06.009
Shuqin Qi
This paper details two nationwide events of the collation of historical earthquake records in the early 1950s and late 1970s to introduce the application of research results. Evaluating the compilation and influence of two representative works, the Chronology of Chinese Earthquakes Records (1956) and the Compilation of Chinese Historical Earthquake Records (1983), is significant to promote their scientific value and academic impact.
{"title":"Review of two outstanding compilation works of Chinese historical earthquakes literature in China","authors":"Shuqin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper details two nationwide events of the collation of historical earthquake records in the early 1950s and late 1970s to introduce the application of research results. Evaluating the compilation and influence of two representative works, the <em>Chronology of Chinese Earthquakes Records</em> (1956) and the <em>Compilation of Chinese Historical Earthquake Records</em> (1983), is significant to promote their scientific value and academic impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 608-613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81668012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.07.006
Peng Du , Yueren Xu , Yali Guo , Haofeng Li
Landslides pose significant hazards on China's Loess Plateau, potentially resulting in catastrophic consequences for human life and property. A prompt assessment of landslide disasters is crucial in providing scientific decision support for post-disaster relief efforts and serves as a fundamental basis for risk assessment of secondary disasters such as debris flow. On March 15, 2019, a loess landslide occurred in Zaoling Town, Xiangning County, Shanxi Province. This event led to the collapse of three buildings, resulting in 20 fatalities and 13 injuries. Subsequently, high-resolution orthophotos and an unmanned aerial vehicle-derived digital elevation model (UAV-DEM) of the landslide area were obtained through photogrammetry. By analyzing the shape of the exposed main scarp of the landslide in the 0.2 m UAV-DEM and the softened layer, this study successfully identified an unexposed underground sliding surface. Through further analysis of the shape of the exposed main scarp of the landslide in the 0.2 m UAV-DEM and the softened layer, this study accurately reconstructed the unexposed underground sliding surface. To reconstruct the pre-landslide digital elevation model (DEM), Google Earth images depicting the pre-landslide terrain features were utilized. The volume of each component of the landslide was then calculated using the pre-, post- DEM, and the sliding surface. The calculation results reveal that volume of the landslide is about 54,000 m3, the expansion rate was determined to be 13.9%.
{"title":"Assessing loess landslide volume using high-precision UAV-derived DEM: A case study of the 15 March 2019 landslide in Zaoling Township, Xiangning County in North China","authors":"Peng Du , Yueren Xu , Yali Guo , Haofeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nhres.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides pose significant hazards on China's Loess Plateau, potentially resulting in catastrophic consequences for human life and property. A prompt assessment of landslide disasters is crucial in providing scientific decision support for post-disaster relief efforts and serves as a fundamental basis for risk assessment of secondary disasters such as debris flow. On March 15, 2019, a loess landslide occurred in Zaoling Town, Xiangning County, Shanxi Province. This event led to the collapse of three buildings, resulting in 20 fatalities and 13 injuries. Subsequently, high-resolution orthophotos and an unmanned aerial vehicle-derived digital elevation model (UAV-DEM) of the landslide area were obtained through photogrammetry. By analyzing the shape of the exposed main scarp of the landslide in the 0.2 m UAV-DEM and the softened layer, this study successfully identified an unexposed underground sliding surface. Through further analysis of the shape of the exposed main scarp of the landslide in the 0.2 m UAV-DEM and the softened layer, this study accurately reconstructed the unexposed underground sliding surface. To reconstruct the pre-landslide digital elevation model (DEM), Google Earth images depicting the pre-landslide terrain features were utilized. The volume of each component of the landslide was then calculated using the pre-, post- DEM, and the sliding surface. The calculation results reveal that volume of the landslide is about 54,000 m<sup>3</sup>, the expansion rate was determined to be 13.9%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100943,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards Research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 640-645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86396565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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