Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences最新文献

This article examines the evolution of political parties in the Republic of Kazakhstan from the time the nation gained its independence after the dissolution of the USSR to the present (1991–2016). In the 25 years that have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the political system in Kazakhstan has developed considerably and undergone a number of essential changes. This paper attempts to analyse the process of party construction in Kazakhstan and the factors that have influenced that process. In particular, we investigate the role of laws and constitutional reforms connected with the party system.

This study examined the parental styles and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents and the relationship between them in gifted adolescents compared to normal adolescents. Four scales – The Parental Authority Questionnaire, Child Attitude Toward Parents, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – were administered to 118 gifted and 115 normal adolescents in Amol city. The results indicate that parents of gifted adolescents tend to be more authoritative and less authoritarian than parents of normal adolescents. The attitudes of the gifted adolescents towards their parents were more positive than those of the normal adolescents. The gifted adolescents displayed a higher self-concept and fewer psychological reactions (depression, anxiety and stress) than the normal adolescents. The authoritative parenting style correlates positively with the psychological adjustment of both gifted and normal adolescents, while the authoritarian parenting style impacts negatively on the psychosocial adjustment of the gifted adolescents but not that of the normal adolescents. The study results indicate that the authoritarian parenting style is a crucial factor that influences the well-being of gifted children and may affect their mental health.

The research method used a case study method. The subject of this research included the eighth grade students of Makassar Junior High School, which is comprised of 17 students. In analysing the data, the writer collected the data from the students, identified the grammatical errors, classified the errors of using simple present tense in the students' descriptive text to determine the frequency of errors, and calculated the data into percentages. The results demonstrate that the students' errors can be categorized into four kinds of errors, which include 16.79% errors of omission, 5.11% errors in addition, 75.18% errors in missed formation, and 2.92% errors in improper ordering. The writer observed 137 total errors. The writer concluded that missed formation was the dominant kind of error made by the eighth grade students of Makassar Junior High School. The teachers recommended practicing grammatical rules in simple present tense in order to minimize the errors. Moreover, other researchers can provide techniques to increase students' mastery of simple present tense.

This article explores the dynamic ecosystem of social enterprise in Indonesia, specifically legal framework and policy regarding social enterprise. The study involves multiple case studies of organisations with pivotal roles in establishing social enterprises in various sectors. The result confirms the role of social culture, legal form, and politics in shaping the evolution of social enterprise in Indonesia.

This study investigates how deconstruction theory has influenced architectural design in semantic, physical and technical characteristics of buildings and proposes a new assessment tool for measuring key deconstruction criteria in every building. An overview on contemporary architecture styles traces new philosophical notions, such as deconstruction within the theoretical realm. In this study, after a review on deconstruction philosophy, an assessment tool is arranged based on building characteristics and deconstruction criteria. Using this matrix, twenty-three famous deconstruction buildings are evaluated from two perspectives: according to their designers and based on deconstruction criteria. The results indicate that deconstruction criteria are mostly realized in physical characteristics of buildings, rather than semantic or technical characteristics, which has been the primary objective of deconstruction theory in the first place. It is also observed that deconstruction theory has been quite successful in fostering creative thinking and developing personal styles by emphasizing a certain deconstruction criterion.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of Machiavellian Believe, Spiritual Intelligence and life Satisfaction among Iranian National Athletes. Statistical population contains the world and Olympic champions in the selected sports including basketball, volleyball, Kabbadi, Greco-Roman, freestyle wrestling, cycling, shooting, rowing, fencing, and karate therefore 220 people were selected in which 212 of them accepted to cooperate. The data were collected by means of three questionnaires that include: King Spiritual Intelligence (SISIR-24), Diener life satisfaction questionnaire (SWLS) and Machiavellian Believe questionnaire (Mach IV) that consists of 37 questions based on the Likert scale. The scale was 1 to 5. (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = not sure, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree). The reliability of the questionnaire was studied with composite reliability (CR). Construct Validity of the scale has been evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Research hypotheses have been tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL software. To investigate the relationship between athletes' Machiavellian Believe and life satisfaction, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. Spearman correlation coefficient is 0.281 that shows there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction among athletes (p < 0.05). In order to investigate the relationship between Machiavellian Believe and spiritual intelligence of athletes', spearman correlation coefficient was used. Based on the results of the test, Spearman correlation coefficient equals to 0.372 that indicates there is a significant relationship between Machiavellian Believe and spiritual intelligence among athletes (p < 0.05). There is a direct relationship among these variables because the calculated correlation coefficients were positive. It is suggested to the managers of sport organizations and events to hold workshops in order to strengthen philosophical attitude and spiritual intelligence among athletes and champions for achieving higher level of life satisfaction.

HIV/AIDS is a potentially serious threat to national development. In 2006, the Needle and Syringe Exchange Programme (NSEP) was formally introduced to prevent further spread of HIV/AIDS. However, this programme places many of its clients in a dilemma because they want to access NSEP services but are afraid of being arrested by the police since drug use in is a criminal offense in Malaysia. The primary data for the qualitative study were gathered through in-depth interviews with ten (10) lower ranking police officers from the Penang Narcotics Department. The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents are well-prepared and ready to accept NSEP, while a number still lack a full understanding of the NSEP. This study suggests that improvement in terms of training is important to increase knowledge and understanding among the lower ranking police officers regarding HIV/AIDS in order to ensure the success of the NSEP.

The establishment of Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) by accredited institutions (after the first cycle) is a major step in pushing long-term quality standards. IQAC in any institution is a significant administrative body that is responsible for all quality matters. It is the prime responsibility of IQAC to initiate, plan and supervise various activities that are necessary to increase the quality of the education imparted in an institution or college. The role of IQAC in maintaining quality standards in teaching, learning and evaluation becomes crucial, and the present research is therefore undertaken on a smaller scale to determine the exact status and functioning of IQAC and its outcome. The present research falls under the purview of quantitative research and hence quantitative methods, such as data collection, analysis, comparison, tabulation and illustration, are used. Among 55 randomly selected institutions/colleges, I received replies from 29 colleges only, and the same data are taken for granted for analysis. This finding might be an indication of the attitude/lack of information/prejudice of many colleges against research in higher education in this territory (SRTM University, Nanded/Marathwada).

The main purpose of corporations is to maximize shareholder wealth. One of the main factors affecting a shareholder's wealth is the company's dividend policy. For this reason, a company's dividend policy has been identified as one of the most important financial issues; therefore, this study investigates corporate governance and payment policies for listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The population of the study comprised 551 companies based on sampling and a systematic elimination of 73 companies. This study is applied in purpose and is descriptive and correlational in nature. In this study, data analysis has been conducted using SPSS 8 EVIEWS. The results span from 2009 to 2013 and indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between dividend policy and shareholders' rights as well as timeliness and being familiar with the auditor.

Categorization and groupings of concepts have always existed in history, and this has resulted in the emergence of binaries. In most categories of binaries, the first expressed case is more positive and more valuable than the second concept, e.g., day versus night. In this paper, high art versus low art and the philosophy of rationalism within the philosophy of pragmatism are studied. Society in general is composed of two elements: a majority and a minority. The minority group is considered educated and privileged. Fine art as well as rationalist approaches are deemed to belong to them. In contrast, the majority or the public does not benefit from such knowledge. Specifically, popular art and philosophy that is empiricist or pragmatic belongs to them. However, the question is whether this classification is based on social classes or humankind, irrespective of one's place in society. This is the question that this article attempts to answer.