Progress in Economic Geography最新文献

Cryptocurrencies, a controversial innovation? Unpacking argumentation analysis in economic geography 加密货币，有争议的创新？解读经济地理学中的论证分析

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100032

Yannick Eckhardt, Johannes Glückler

In this paper, we analyze the global controversy surrounding the innovation of cryptocurrencies, developing an analytical framework to assess the empirical structure of arguments. By unpacking an argumentation analysis of a comprehensive set of scholarly, media, and industry publications, we identify six key dimensions of disagreement, comprising 42 distinct arguments. These dimensions include the raison d’être, environmental impact, social inclusion, susceptibility to illegal activities, economic impact, and potential for decentralization and democratization. Our findings reveal entrenched positions supported by robust scholarly research and empirical evidence. Cryptocurrencies represent a controversial innovation, for which global resolution remains elusive. While the controversy may appear unbounded, we plead for a geographical approach, emphasizing that localized institutional contexts are crucial for exploring potential trajectories of the controversy. Finally, our analysis illustrates the potential of argumentation analysis to properly disentangle complex societal disagreements, and it therefore promises to enrich the methodological pluralism in economic geography

在本文中，我们分析了围绕加密货币创新的全球争议，建立了一个分析框架来评估论点的经验结构。通过对一整套学术、媒体和行业出版物的论证分析，我们确定了六个关键的分歧维度，包括 42 个不同的论点。这些方面包括存在的理由、环境影响、社会包容性、易受非法活动影响、经济影响以及权力下放和民主化的潜力。我们的研究结果揭示了得到强有力的学术研究和经验证据支持的根深蒂固的立场。加密货币是一种颇具争议的创新，全球范围内仍难以解决这一问题。虽然争论似乎没有界限，但我们呼吁采用地理方法，强调本地化的制度背景对于探索争论的潜在轨迹至关重要。最后，我们的分析说明了论证分析在适当厘清复杂的社会分歧方面的潜力，因此有望丰富经济地理学的方法论多元化。

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引用次数: 0

Growing pains in upscaling: A constructive technology assessment of sea lice treatment innovations in the stagnating Norwegian aquaculture regime 升级中的成长之痛：在停滞不前的挪威水产养殖制度中对海虱治疗创新进行建设性技术评估

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100030

Casper Friederich, Matthijs Mouthaan, Koen Frenken

Innovations that scale up, often have unintended, adverse effects. Dealing with adverse effects is especially challenging in bioeconomy transitions, in which the large-scale deployment of innovations may generate severe environmental damages. This study looks at the case of Norwegian aquaculture which has been embraced as a model to revitalize rural livelihoods and foster regional development in coastal areas, but currently faces stagnation. The main cause for the industry’s stagnating development is a parasitic sea lice, which treatments have adverse effects on ecology and fish welfare. We perform a Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) involving diverse stakeholders in a Multi-Criteria Mapping (MCM) exercise on the viability, opportunities, and risks of different treatment options to cope with sea lice in Norwegian aquaculture. We find that this method is well-suited to identify diverse anticipatory views on possible solutions to the sea lice problem, allowing decision-makers to identify more democratic, holistic, and sustainable pathways to upscale the bioeconomy.

扩大规模的创新往往会产生意想不到的不利影响。在生物经济转型过程中，处理不利影响尤其具有挑战性，因为在这种情况下，大规模部署创新可能会对环境造成严重破坏。本研究以挪威水产养殖业为例，该行业曾被视为振兴农村生计和促进沿海地区发展的典范，但目前却面临停滞不前的局面。造成该行业发展停滞的主要原因是一种寄生性海虱，其治疗方法会对生态和鱼类福利产生不利影响。我们开展了一项建设性技术评估（CTA），让不同的利益相关者参与到多标准绘图（MCM）工作中，对挪威水产养殖业应对海虱的不同治疗方案的可行性、机遇和风险进行评估。我们发现，这种方法非常适合确定有关海虱问题可能解决方案的各种预期意见，使决策者能够确定更加民主、全面和可持续的途径，以提升生物经济的水平。

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引用次数: 0

“If the news is fake, imagine history”: The network state and the second bourgeois revolution "如果新闻是假的，请想象一下历史：网络国家与第二次资产阶级革命

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100029

Joel Z. Garrod

Written by Balaji Srinivasan (2022), founder of genetic testing firm Counsyl, former general partner at Andreesen Horowitz, and former CTO of Coinbase with close connections to anti-democratic tech billionaire Peter Thiel, The Network State imagines a new state form grounded in blockchain technology. After first situating the text within longer genealogies of neoliberalism, authoritarian freedom, and libertarian exit, I then overturn the book’s central premise: that exit to the digital frontier via network states will increase human freedom. In highlighting how societies dominated by private property restrict human freedom by forcing the many to exchange their labor power to the few to survive, I argue that the creation of zones like the network state are instead a reflection of our epoch’s major dynamic: the attempt to shift the rights of capital and the authority over those rights to the transnational level. In contrast to those that see zones as part of an emerging neofeudalism, I conclude that The Network State is better understood as a legitimating text for a second bourgeois revolution.

网络国家》一书由基因检测公司Counsyl创始人、安德森-霍洛维茨公司（Andreesen Horowitz）前普通合伙人、Coinbase前首席技术官巴拉吉-斯里尼瓦桑（Balaji Srinivasan，2022年）撰写，他与反民主的科技亿万富翁彼得-蒂尔（Peter Thiel）关系密切。首先，我将该书置于新自由主义、专制自由和自由主义退出的更长谱系中，然后推翻了该书的核心前提：通过网络国家退出数字边界将增加人类自由。在强调私有财产主导的社会如何通过迫使多数人向少数人交换劳动力来限制人类自由的同时，我认为像网络国家这样的区域的建立反而反映了我们这个时代的主要动态：试图将资本权利和对这些权利的控制权转移到跨国层面。与那些将区域视为新兴新封建主义一部分的观点不同，我的结论是，《网络国家》更适合被理解为第二次资产阶级革命的合法化文本。

引用次数: 0

Plotting cryptoeconomic imaginaries and counterplotting the network state 绘制加密经济想象图，反绘制网络状态图

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100028

Jillian (Lee) Crandall

In this paper I critically conceptualize and analyze what I call “cryptoeconomic imaginaries” in economic geography via Sylvia Wynter’s concept of “plotting” as praxis. I define “cryptoeconomic imaginaries” as the multiple contesting ways in which blockchains and cryptocurrencies are used as a core plot device in reimagining, reshaping, rewriting economic relationships with people, ecologies, spaces, and temporalities. In addition to opening the potential to dream new economic futures, blockchain also has the potential to conscript people to imagine new futures under the parameters of cryptoeconomics, and/or foreclose certain futures from coming into being. The main goal of this paper is to present (counter)/plot work as a conceptual theoretical framework and geographic method of analysis for critical scholars to better understand cryptoeconomic imaginaries, their varied socio-spatial implications and power-geometries to question how future economic plots may come into being and who stands to benefit, specifically in the context of “network state” connected projects funded by Promonos Capital. I propose (counter)plot work as a method to examine: 1) plotting as narrative/literary/rhetorical formation of cryptoeconomic imaginaries; and 2) cryptoeconomic imaginaries plotting the development of literal plots of land and crypto cities. I conclude by suggesting counterplotting as decolonial praxis for (post)plantation refusals of land monopoly, resisting extractive development, and a way to value to land and lives outside of pure profit motive, as inspired by ongoing grassroots activism and community coalitions against cryptocolonialism in Puerto Rico

在本文中，我通过西尔维亚-温特（Sylvia Wynter）作为实践的 "情节"（plotting）概念，对经济地理学中所谓的 "加密经济想象 "进行了批判性的概念化和分析。我将 "加密经济想象 "定义为区块链和加密货币在重新想象、重塑和改写与人、生态、空间和时间的经济关系时作为核心情节装置的多种有争议的方式。除了开启梦想新经济未来的潜力，区块链还有可能征召人们在加密经济学的参数下想象新的未来，和/或阻止某些未来的出现。本文的主要目的是提出（反）/情节工作作为一种概念性理论框架和地理分析方法，供批判性学者更好地理解加密经济想象、其不同的社会空间影响和权力几何，以质疑未来经济情节可能如何产生以及谁能从中受益，特别是在 Promonos Capital 资助的 "网络国家 "连接项目的背景下。我建议将（反）情节工作作为一种研究方法：1）情节作为叙事/文学/修辞形成的加密经济想象；以及2）加密经济想象对实际地块和加密城市发展的情节。最后，我建议将反情节作为（后）种植园拒绝土地垄断、抵制采掘式开发的非殖民化实践，以及在纯粹的利益驱动之外珍视土地和生命的一种方式。

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引用次数: 0

A stack made in heaven? Exploring AI-blockchain intersections and their implications for labour and value 天作之合？探索人工智能与区块链的交叉及其对劳动力和价值的影响

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100026

Ludovico Rella , Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn

How have socio-technical practices in blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) communities shaped one another and society more widely? This article explores the different and overlapping materialities, practices, spaces and places that the two most hyped technologies of the 21st century are impacting and evolving within. Employing the concept and analogy of “the stack”, we show how Machine Learning (ML), and crypto-assets each developed separately and yet become deeply interconnected. In doing so, we pluralise the concept of the stack to trace how two techno-communities have cometh, collided and colluded (Three Cs) in ways that pose varying implications for labour and the enactment of value in hyper capitalist tech-driven economic geographies.

区块链和人工智能（AI）社区的社会技术实践是如何塑造彼此以及更广泛的社会的？本文探讨了 21 世纪最热门的两种技术所影响和演变的不同和重叠的物质性、实践、空间和场所。运用 "堆栈 "的概念和类比，我们展示了机器学习（ML）和加密资产如何各自发展，但又深深地相互联系在一起。在此过程中，我们将堆栈的概念多元化，以追溯两个技术社群如何在超资本主义技术驱动的经济地理环境中，以对劳动和价值创造产生不同影响的方式，进行碰撞和勾结（三C）。

引用次数: 0

Green upscaling of an established path? The case of salmon farming in Norway 既定道路的绿色升级？挪威的鲑鱼养殖案例

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100027

Markus Steen

The scholarly debate at the intersection of the path development debate in economic geography and the sustainability transitions literature has shed new light on the emergence of new growth paths as well as the ‘green’ transformation of existing paths. However, in the face of not only sustainability challenges but also a growing world population, several sectors will need to expand. This includes parts of the bioeconomy, that hold the promise of delivering sustainably produced foods, energy and material inputs. This article conceptualizes sustainable growth as green upscaling and focuses on intertwined processes of path expansion and transformation enabled by innovation in both governance and technology, and argues that to understand the prospects for bioeconomy growth, natural resources and ecological infrastructures demand more attention. Empirically, the article analyses the Norwegian salmon farming (aquaculture) industry, where developments over the last decade have been guided by a vision of sustainable growth. The findings reveal that despite considerable innovation, green upscaling remains elusive.

在经济地理学的路径发展辩论和可持续性转型文献的交叉点上进行的学术辩论，为新增长路径的出现以及现有路径的 "绿色 "转型提供了新的视角。然而，面对可持续发展的挑战和不断增长的世界人口，一些部门将需要扩张。这其中包括生物经济的一部分，它们有望提供可持续生产的食品、能源和材料投入。本文将可持续增长概念化为绿色升级，重点关注由治理和技术创新促成的路径扩展和转型的交织过程，并认为要了解生物经济增长的前景，自然资源和生态基础设施需要得到更多关注。文章从经验角度分析了挪威的鲑鱼养殖业，该行业过去十年的发展一直以可持续增长的愿景为指导。研究结果表明，尽管进行了大量创新，但绿色升级仍然难以实现。

引用次数: 0

Legitimation strategies in emerging ecosystems: The case of advanced air mobility in Hamburg 新兴生态系统中的合法化战略：汉堡先进的空中交通案例

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100025

Tim Fraske , Filipe Mello Rose , Niloufar Vadiati

This study provides insights into the legitimation process of emerging ecosystems and strengthens the conceptual link between entrepreneurial ecosystems and economic geography. It examines existing theoretical frameworks on legitimation strategies in emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems by inquiring into advanced air mobility (AAM), an area in which innovation faces exceptionally high legitimation challenges. The initial integration of drones for logistics and air taxis for passenger transport is surrounded by ambiguous future visions that range from high expectations to concerns about developing a mobility form that is neither sustainable nor socially acceptable and affordable. Empirically, this article offers an analytical understanding of the collective legitimation strategies within the emerging AAM ecosystem in Hamburg, Germany. For this, we used multiple qualitative methods and data sources: (1) a contextualizing network analysis, (2) semi-structured interviews with 22 representatives of tech and policy development, and (3) participatory observation from applied research projects. Based on the empirical material, we find that the current conceptual debate underestimates the public sector's role in ecosystem emergence and legitimation. As AAM depends on fundamental regulatory change, authorities and state-owned companies in the aviation sector have a decisive influence on the emergence of the ecosystem. Furthermore, our findings highlight how global discourses shape local practices and expectations. By combining cross-sectoral knowledge, entrepreneurs and policymakers aim to identify feasible use cases for their place-specific context. Nevertheless, the lack of a collective identity within the ecosystem, which comes largely from the uncertainties of AAM, poses numerous challenges for ecosystem participants addressing their liability of newness.

本研究深入探讨了新兴生态系统的合法化过程，并加强了创业生态系统与经济地理之间的概念联系。本研究通过探究先进的空中交通（AAM）这一创新面临极高合法性挑战的领域，检验了有关新兴创业生态系统合法性战略的现有理论框架。无人机用于物流和空中出租车用于客运的初步整合被模棱两可的未来愿景所包围，这些愿景既有很高的期望，也有对发展一种既不可持续又不为社会所接受和负担得起的流动形式的担忧。本文通过实证分析，对德国汉堡新兴无人机和空中出租车生态系统中的集体合法化策略进行了解读。为此，我们采用了多种定性方法和数据来源：(1) 背景网络分析，(2) 对 22 名技术和政策开发代表的半结构式访谈，以及 (3) 对应用研究项目的参与式观察。根据经验材料，我们发现当前的概念性辩论低估了公共部门在生态系统的出现和合法化中的作用。由于航空资产管理依赖于根本性的监管变革，航空领域的主管部门和国有企业对生态系统的出现具有决定性的影响。此外，我们的研究结果还强调了全球话语是如何影响地方实践和期望的。通过结合跨部门知识，企业家和政策制定者旨在根据当地具体情况确定可行的使用案例。然而，生态系统内缺乏集体认同感，这主要是由于人工智能与移动通信的不确定性，这给生态系统参与者解决其新责任带来了诸多挑战。

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引用次数: 0

What hinders the transition towards a bio-based construction sector? A global innovation system perspective on its value chain 是什么阻碍了向生物基建筑部门的转型？从全球创新体系角度看其价值链

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100023

Francesca Mazzoni , Sebastian Losacker

The construction sector is heavily polluting and an actual threat to the natural environment, therefore its transition towards becoming bio-based is imperative. This transition is currently unfolding and it is driven in particular by innovation activities taking place along the sector’s value chain. In the upstream segment, bio-based materials are being improved, while novel building techniques in the core segment enable the use of these materials. In this paper, we utilize the global innovation systems (GIS) framework to examine these innovation activities and their valuation dynamics. In particular, we investigate how the GIS of the bio-based construction sector is organized along its value chain, providing insights into the barriers to the sector's sustainability transition. Our empirical analysis, based on a rich set of expert interviews, demonstrates that the GIS configuration changes along the value chain, driven by profound differences in the innovation mode. This situation creates a bottleneck that hinders the sector's transition, where knowledge about bio-based materials developed upstream fails to translate down the value chain. However, we also find that several niche firms cover and integrate multiple value chain segments and overcome this knowledge gap, suggesting that the transition towards a bio-based construction sector could accelerate with further innovation system reconfigurations.

建筑行业污染严重，是对自然环境的实际威胁，因此必须向以生物为基础的方向转型。这一转型目前正在展开，其主要驱动力是该行业价值链上的创新活动。在上游环节，生物基材料正在不断改进，而核心环节的新型建筑技术则使这些材料的使用成为可能。在本文中，我们利用全球创新系统（GIS）框架来研究这些创新活动及其估值动态。特别是，我们研究了生物基建筑行业的 GIS 是如何沿着其价值链组织起来的，从而为该行业的可持续转型障碍提供了见解。我们基于丰富的专家访谈进行了实证分析，结果表明，在创新模式的深刻差异的推动下，地理信息系统的配置沿着价值链发生了变化。这种情况造成了阻碍行业转型的瓶颈，即上游开发的生物基材料知识无法向价值链下游转化。不过，我们也发现，一些利基企业覆盖并整合了多个价值链环节，克服了这一知识差距，这表明，随着创新体系的进一步重组，向生物基建筑行业的转型可以加速。

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引用次数: 0

Towards a geographical political economy understanding of platformization 从地理政治经济学角度理解平台化

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100024

Yannick Ecker , Max Münßinger

In the last ten years digital platforms have emerged as an important theme in academic discourse and various subdisciplines of geography and adjacent research areas. Whether in the fields of social media, urban transport, industry cloud services or gig work, platformization is therein often discussed as a more-than-economic phenomenon engaging in a conflictive relationship with public interest, sovereignty, regulation and the state. However, while the concept of the platform has become ubiquitous, the integration of and dialogue between various broadened definitions are less often practiced. In our short paper, we argue that for further addressing this intricate relation between platforms, power and sovereignty an engagement with the platform concept and its integration through a political economy understanding is key for two reasons: Firstly, an overarching concept of platformization transcending the political/economy binary is necessary to be able to problematize the reification of normalized economic practices lying at the heart of the phenomenon. Secondly, there is a pragmatic reason for developing a geographical political economy perspective on platformization as it can serve as a common ground for an engaged pluralism within and beyond the discipline of economic geography. Based on a systematization of existing definitions this paper therefore combines insights from political economy perspectives, urban platform research and research on platform labor to propose a working definition stimulating a reflection on the platform discourse thus far and strengthening strategical-relational thinking on platform power in future research.

在过去十年中，数字平台已成为学术讨论和地理学各分支学科及邻近研究领域的一个重要主题。无论是在社交媒体、城市交通、行业云服务还是在 "零工 "领域，平台化往往被作为一种与公共利益、主权、监管和国家之间存在冲突关系的经济现象来讨论。然而，虽然平台的概念已无处不在，但各种扩展定义之间的整合与对话却较少实践。在我们的短文中，我们认为，要进一步解决平台、权力和主权之间错综复杂的关系，关键是要通过政治经济学的理解来参与平台概念及其整合，原因有二：首先，必须有一个超越政治/经济二元对立的平台化总体概念，才能对这一现象的核心--常态化经济实践的重新整合--提出质疑。其次，从地理政治经济学的视角来看待平台化有其实用的理由，因为它可以作为经济地理学科内外参与多元化的共同基础。因此，本文在对现有定义进行系统梳理的基础上，结合政治经济学视角、城市平台研究和平台劳动研究的见解，提出了一个工作定义，以激发对迄今为止平台论述的反思，并在今后的研究中加强对平台权力的战略关系思考。

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引用次数: 0

Let's innovate! but for what value(s)? Towards an economic geography of valuation in markets and society 让我们创新吧！但创新的价值何在？构建市场和社会价值的经济地理学

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100022

Hugues Jeannerat

In an endeavor to comprehend the socio-economic origins of the value added created within and between territories, economic geography has tended to overlook how value is itself socio-economically constructed in space. I claim, in line with economic sociology and pragmatist market theories, that the socio-economic construction of value should be at the core of our contemporary understanding of innovation to address not merely the economic issues of globalization, but also the grand societal challenges we face today. Value creation should not be regarded as a consequential output of production and innovation organized across space, but as an ongoing process of social, economic and technical co-construction that is contingent on both time and space. This is not to say that one should abandon research on innovation in economic geography, but rather that it should be approached as a question of valuation. In this approach, value creation is not the consequence of innovation, but the process and the result of socially undertaken changes that are co-existential with innovation around two interdependent issues: innovation as relational and transactional valuation in markets and as institutional and political valuation in society. This research should also be future-oriented and should reposition materiality at its center.

经济地理学在努力理解区域内和区域间创造的附加值的社会经济起源时，往往忽视了价值本身是如何在空间中进行社会经济建构的。我主张，根据经济社会学和实用主义市场理论，价值的社会经济建构应成为我们当代理解创新的核心，以便不仅解决全球化的经济问题，而且解决我们当今面临的重大社会挑战。价值创造不应被视为跨空间组织的生产和创新的结果性产出，而应被视为一个持续的社会、经济和技术共建过程，它取决于时间和空间。这并不是说我们应该放弃对经济地理学中创新的研究，而是说应该将其作为一个估值问题来处理。在这种方法中，价值创造不是创新的结果，而是与创新围绕两个相互依存的问题共存的社会变革的过程和结果：创新是市场中的关系和交易估值，也是社会中的制度和政治估值。这项研究还应面向未来，并应将物质性重新置于其中心位置。

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引用次数: 0