Progress in Economic Geography最新文献

英文中文

Assetizing the video game: Play-to-earn (P2E) games and blockchain rentiership

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2025.100036

Gordon Kuo Siong TAN

Rentiership has recently involved the growing use of novel technological mechanisms to facilitate rent capture and extraction. This trend is reflected in a slew of "play-toearn" (P2E) video games. P2E users can earn money by playing blockchain-based video games and accumulating cryptocurrency tokens and other virtual in-game assets, which are represented as non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This paper argues that P2E gaming represents a new form of techno-economic rentiership that blurs the boundaries between work and play. Using the P2E game Axie Infinity as a case study, this paper explores how economic rents are being made in a digital environment and examines the role of labor in driving rentiership dynamics. Blockchain serves as a tool for generating rents by facilitating the decentralized production of a plethora of digital assets by individual users, where property and ownership rights of these assets are algorithmically governed. P2E labor is organized under manager-scholar programs and gaming guilds that allow asset owners to receive a cut of players’ earnings in exchange for lending game assets. These labor arrangements promote community in the assetization process. Such a rentiership system is inherently unstable, relying on a highly financialized business model that needs to keep attracting financially motivated players who sustain asset values through their gameplay.

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引用次数: 0

Bioeconomy innovation within traditional value chains: The example of the sugar industry in three European regions

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100035

Max Mittenzwei , Daniel Schiller

Innovation is seen as the critical driver of a sustainable bioeconomy, but its success depends on sector specific factors and value chain configurations. The agri-food sector is characterised as being low-tech with a high centralisation of power within the value chain, which might be a barrier to innovation and the implementation of sustainable bioeconomy principles. Based on empirical findings from the sugar industry in three European regions, we argue in this paper that neither a lack of innovation, nor a purely hierarchical implementation of innovations can be unanimously supported. Evidence can be found for biomass producers that are very open to innovation and who are embedded in quite diversified regional knowledge production and diffusion systems. Nevertheless, sustainability concerns do not tend to be the main drivers of innovation in the sugar industry and innovation remains incremental. It is seen as more critical to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and add more value from side streams. As an implicit result, however, the associated innovations also promote the implementation of principles of a sustainable bioeconomy.

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引用次数: 0

From waste to value? Valuation and materiality in geographies of industrial by-product use

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100034

Marius Angstmann

Discussions about the environmental impacts of production and consumption are fuelling interest in strategies to transform industrial regions. While economic geography and regional development research extensively cover sustainable innovation and green regional development, innovation diffusion, demand-side aspects, and market emergence are often neglected. This paper illustrates how an enhanced valuation perspective that integrates materiality more directly helps to assess dynamic social processes of valuation in the case of low-carbon, resource efficient solutions. Through a path tracing approach, the paper assesses how two industrial by-products, slag sand and fly ash, evolved into highly valued secondary resources in Germany's Ruhr. Regional availability, market devices, and institutional work influence different dimensions of market valuation in waste-to-value processes. Insights on different phases of the development provide hint on how to organise and foster regional circular solutions. Findings may inform research and policy to advance emerging green industries, market creation for sustainable resources, and industrial decarbonisation, where the materiality of technologies and resources plays a key role.

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引用次数: 0

Bridging the methodological divide: Inspirations from semantic network analysis for (evolutionary) economic geography

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100033

Bernhard Truffer , Christian Binz , Johan Miörner , Xiao-Shan Yap

Recent research in evolutionary economic geography addressing radical innovation and grand challenges has advocated for a shift in focus from single technologies and products toward interrelated configurations of technologies and institutions. This suggests moving beyond explaining innovation and industrial dynamics primarily by the existence of appropriate knowledge and capability stocks, to include institutional structures and the ability of actors to shape value-related dynamics. Despite an increasing suite of conceptual and empirical contributions to this extended agenda, its methodological underpinnings have not yet received sufficient attention. A particularly thorny issue is how to bridge quantitative assessments of related knowledge stocks with qualitative process reconstructions of regional development pathways. To bridge the methodological divide, we present a recent approach developed in transition studies – socio-technical configuration analysis and elaborate on how it may inform salient research problems in economic geography.

引用次数: 0

Cloud countries and exit geographies

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100031

Jeremy W. Crampton

In recent years, digital technology companies and Silicon Valley technologists have pursued virtual “start-ups” or “cloud countries.” For their promoters, these new digital realms are designed to provide an offramp, known as an exit, from mainstream forms of governance, democracy, and finance. These territories will be located online or within the blockchain. In this paper I first examine the politics of this development by placing it into the larger context of alt-right and neoreactionary (NRx) thinking. In the second part, I examine the specific digital geographies of one set of projects known as “network states,” a project of the tech entrepreneur and Bitcoin maximalist, Balaji Srinivasan. For this I draw on work that situates how digital geographies of exit “render” value for the “growth machine” under conditions of rentier capitalism. Taken together, it is now clear that tech entrepreneurs are no longer content to use digital exit geographies just to provide economic returns, but to acquire political power and influence. In the Conclusion, I discuss how analysis of exit geographies can contribute to how digital political economies improve theorizations of exit, and highlight how network states depend on a growth machine model.

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引用次数: 0

Cryptocurrencies, a controversial innovation? Unpacking argumentation analysis in economic geography 加密货币，有争议的创新？解读经济地理学中的论证分析

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100032

Yannick Eckhardt, Johannes Glückler

In this paper, we analyze the global controversy surrounding the innovation of cryptocurrencies, developing an analytical framework to assess the empirical structure of arguments. By unpacking an argumentation analysis of a comprehensive set of scholarly, media, and industry publications, we identify six key dimensions of disagreement, comprising 42 distinct arguments. These dimensions include the raison d’être, environmental impact, social inclusion, susceptibility to illegal activities, economic impact, and potential for decentralization and democratization. Our findings reveal entrenched positions supported by robust scholarly research and empirical evidence. Cryptocurrencies represent a controversial innovation, for which global resolution remains elusive. While the controversy may appear unbounded, we plead for a geographical approach, emphasizing that localized institutional contexts are crucial for exploring potential trajectories of the controversy. Finally, our analysis illustrates the potential of argumentation analysis to properly disentangle complex societal disagreements, and it therefore promises to enrich the methodological pluralism in economic geography

在本文中，我们分析了围绕加密货币创新的全球争议，建立了一个分析框架来评估论点的经验结构。通过对一整套学术、媒体和行业出版物的论证分析，我们确定了六个关键的分歧维度，包括 42 个不同的论点。这些方面包括存在的理由、环境影响、社会包容性、易受非法活动影响、经济影响以及权力下放和民主化的潜力。我们的研究结果揭示了得到强有力的学术研究和经验证据支持的根深蒂固的立场。加密货币是一种颇具争议的创新，全球范围内仍难以解决这一问题。虽然争论似乎没有界限，但我们呼吁采用地理方法，强调本地化的制度背景对于探索争论的潜在轨迹至关重要。最后，我们的分析说明了论证分析在适当厘清复杂的社会分歧方面的潜力，因此有望丰富经济地理学的方法论多元化。

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引用次数: 0

Growing pains in upscaling: A constructive technology assessment of sea lice treatment innovations in the stagnating Norwegian aquaculture regime 升级中的成长之痛：在停滞不前的挪威水产养殖制度中对海虱治疗创新进行建设性技术评估

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100030

Casper Friederich, Matthijs Mouthaan, Koen Frenken

Innovations that scale up, often have unintended, adverse effects. Dealing with adverse effects is especially challenging in bioeconomy transitions, in which the large-scale deployment of innovations may generate severe environmental damages. This study looks at the case of Norwegian aquaculture which has been embraced as a model to revitalize rural livelihoods and foster regional development in coastal areas, but currently faces stagnation. The main cause for the industry’s stagnating development is a parasitic sea lice, which treatments have adverse effects on ecology and fish welfare. We perform a Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) involving diverse stakeholders in a Multi-Criteria Mapping (MCM) exercise on the viability, opportunities, and risks of different treatment options to cope with sea lice in Norwegian aquaculture. We find that this method is well-suited to identify diverse anticipatory views on possible solutions to the sea lice problem, allowing decision-makers to identify more democratic, holistic, and sustainable pathways to upscale the bioeconomy.

扩大规模的创新往往会产生意想不到的不利影响。在生物经济转型过程中，处理不利影响尤其具有挑战性，因为在这种情况下，大规模部署创新可能会对环境造成严重破坏。本研究以挪威水产养殖业为例，该行业曾被视为振兴农村生计和促进沿海地区发展的典范，但目前却面临停滞不前的局面。造成该行业发展停滞的主要原因是一种寄生性海虱，其治疗方法会对生态和鱼类福利产生不利影响。我们开展了一项建设性技术评估（CTA），让不同的利益相关者参与到多标准绘图（MCM）工作中，对挪威水产养殖业应对海虱的不同治疗方案的可行性、机遇和风险进行评估。我们发现，这种方法非常适合确定有关海虱问题可能解决方案的各种预期意见，使决策者能够确定更加民主、全面和可持续的途径，以提升生物经济的水平。

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引用次数: 0

“If the news is fake, imagine history”: The network state and the second bourgeois revolution "如果新闻是假的，请想象一下历史：网络国家与第二次资产阶级革命

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100029

Joel Z. Garrod

Written by Balaji Srinivasan (2022), founder of genetic testing firm Counsyl, former general partner at Andreesen Horowitz, and former CTO of Coinbase with close connections to anti-democratic tech billionaire Peter Thiel, The Network State imagines a new state form grounded in blockchain technology. After first situating the text within longer genealogies of neoliberalism, authoritarian freedom, and libertarian exit, I then overturn the book’s central premise: that exit to the digital frontier via network states will increase human freedom. In highlighting how societies dominated by private property restrict human freedom by forcing the many to exchange their labor power to the few to survive, I argue that the creation of zones like the network state are instead a reflection of our epoch’s major dynamic: the attempt to shift the rights of capital and the authority over those rights to the transnational level. In contrast to those that see zones as part of an emerging neofeudalism, I conclude that The Network State is better understood as a legitimating text for a second bourgeois revolution.

网络国家》一书由基因检测公司Counsyl创始人、安德森-霍洛维茨公司（Andreesen Horowitz）前普通合伙人、Coinbase前首席技术官巴拉吉-斯里尼瓦桑（Balaji Srinivasan，2022年）撰写，他与反民主的科技亿万富翁彼得-蒂尔（Peter Thiel）关系密切。首先，我将该书置于新自由主义、专制自由和自由主义退出的更长谱系中，然后推翻了该书的核心前提：通过网络国家退出数字边界将增加人类自由。在强调私有财产主导的社会如何通过迫使多数人向少数人交换劳动力来限制人类自由的同时，我认为像网络国家这样的区域的建立反而反映了我们这个时代的主要动态：试图将资本权利和对这些权利的控制权转移到跨国层面。与那些将区域视为新兴新封建主义一部分的观点不同，我的结论是，《网络国家》更适合被理解为第二次资产阶级革命的合法化文本。

引用次数: 0

Plotting cryptoeconomic imaginaries and counterplotting the network state 绘制加密经济想象图，反绘制网络状态图

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100028

Jillian (Lee) Crandall

In this paper I critically conceptualize and analyze what I call “cryptoeconomic imaginaries” in economic geography via Sylvia Wynter’s concept of “plotting” as praxis. I define “cryptoeconomic imaginaries” as the multiple contesting ways in which blockchains and cryptocurrencies are used as a core plot device in reimagining, reshaping, rewriting economic relationships with people, ecologies, spaces, and temporalities. In addition to opening the potential to dream new economic futures, blockchain also has the potential to conscript people to imagine new futures under the parameters of cryptoeconomics, and/or foreclose certain futures from coming into being. The main goal of this paper is to present (counter)/plot work as a conceptual theoretical framework and geographic method of analysis for critical scholars to better understand cryptoeconomic imaginaries, their varied socio-spatial implications and power-geometries to question how future economic plots may come into being and who stands to benefit, specifically in the context of “network state” connected projects funded by Promonos Capital. I propose (counter)plot work as a method to examine: 1) plotting as narrative/literary/rhetorical formation of cryptoeconomic imaginaries; and 2) cryptoeconomic imaginaries plotting the development of literal plots of land and crypto cities. I conclude by suggesting counterplotting as decolonial praxis for (post)plantation refusals of land monopoly, resisting extractive development, and a way to value to land and lives outside of pure profit motive, as inspired by ongoing grassroots activism and community coalitions against cryptocolonialism in Puerto Rico

在本文中，我通过西尔维亚-温特（Sylvia Wynter）作为实践的 "情节"（plotting）概念，对经济地理学中所谓的 "加密经济想象 "进行了批判性的概念化和分析。我将 "加密经济想象 "定义为区块链和加密货币在重新想象、重塑和改写与人、生态、空间和时间的经济关系时作为核心情节装置的多种有争议的方式。除了开启梦想新经济未来的潜力，区块链还有可能征召人们在加密经济学的参数下想象新的未来，和/或阻止某些未来的出现。本文的主要目的是提出（反）/情节工作作为一种概念性理论框架和地理分析方法，供批判性学者更好地理解加密经济想象、其不同的社会空间影响和权力几何，以质疑未来经济情节可能如何产生以及谁能从中受益，特别是在 Promonos Capital 资助的 "网络国家 "连接项目的背景下。我建议将（反）情节工作作为一种研究方法：1）情节作为叙事/文学/修辞形成的加密经济想象；以及2）加密经济想象对实际地块和加密城市发展的情节。最后，我建议将反情节作为（后）种植园拒绝土地垄断、抵制采掘式开发的非殖民化实践，以及在纯粹的利益驱动之外珍视土地和生命的一种方式。

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A stack made in heaven? Exploring AI-blockchain intersections and their implications for labour and value 天作之合？探索人工智能与区块链的交叉及其对劳动力和价值的影响

Progress in Economic Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.peg.2024.100026

Ludovico Rella , Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn

How have socio-technical practices in blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) communities shaped one another and society more widely? This article explores the different and overlapping materialities, practices, spaces and places that the two most hyped technologies of the 21st century are impacting and evolving within. Employing the concept and analogy of “the stack”, we show how Machine Learning (ML), and crypto-assets each developed separately and yet become deeply interconnected. In doing so, we pluralise the concept of the stack to trace how two techno-communities have cometh, collided and colluded (Three Cs) in ways that pose varying implications for labour and the enactment of value in hyper capitalist tech-driven economic geographies.

区块链和人工智能（AI）社区的社会技术实践是如何塑造彼此以及更广泛的社会的？本文探讨了 21 世纪最热门的两种技术所影响和演变的不同和重叠的物质性、实践、空间和场所。运用 "堆栈 "的概念和类比，我们展示了机器学习（ML）和加密资产如何各自发展，但又深深地相互联系在一起。在此过程中，我们将堆栈的概念多元化，以追溯两个技术社群如何在超资本主义技术驱动的经济地理环境中，以对劳动和价值创造产生不同影响的方式，进行碰撞和勾结（三C）。

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