Reprodu??o & Climatério最新文献

Purposes

To identify the socio-demographic and anthropometric profile and correlate them with the severity of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with 201 postmenopausal women attended in a Gynecology Outpatient Department in Rio de Janeiro city (RJ, Brazil). A questionnaire was applied for collection of demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and lifestyle variables. The Blatt–Kupperman Menopausal Index was used to evaluate the menopausal symptoms.

Results

Women with moderate to severe symptoms (≥20) corresponded to 57.7% (116) of the sample. Obesity was not associated with the severity of menopausal symptoms (p < 0.90). Severe to moderate symptoms were inversely associated with age (PR 0.96; CI 95% 0.94–0.99; p < 0.01). Women within 6–10 years of menopause presented nearly 1.4 times higher prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms compared with those with more than 10 years of menopause. Unemployed women (PR 1.52; CI 95% 1.13–2.04; p < 0.01) and housewives (PR 1.53; CI 95% 1.12–2.09; p < 0.01) presented higher prevalence of menopausal symptoms compared with working women. Tobaccoism was associated with higher prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Age constituted a protection factor for moderate to severe symptoms, whereas having within 6–10 years of menopause, smoking and being unemployed or a housewife were factors related to higher prevalence of moderate to severe menopausal symptoms.

Objectives

To identify the difficulties on the family relationships and at work derived from the menopause symptoms, as well as the management measures adopted.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, qualitative/quantitative study attended by 30 post‐menopause women.

Results

The menopause related experiences were heterogeneous and not necessarily negative. There was great diversity in how the respondents defined menopause and only 33.3% had been prepared to experience it, mostly by medical directions. The first symptoms occurred at 46.5 years (± 5.3 years), being mentioned: the hot flashes, the gain of weight, the irritability and the pain during intercourse. There were differences between women in the number of symptoms perceived, ranging from 1 to 27 (13.4 ± 6.3). Important behavioral changes were mentioned such as the reduction of sexual activity due to the decline of libido, the lack of patience to deal with the sons, the less motivation to work and the reduced self‐esteem. In order to deal with the symptoms they adopted new diets, physical exercises or altered some values and attitudes.

Conclusions

The lack of preparation can lead to difficulties to cope with climacteric syndrome, which may compromise quality of life and/or personal satisfaction.

The preservation of fertility in young women of reproductive age has become a major challenge in medicine, since most cancer treatments can cause premature ovarian failure due to ovarian toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Based on this sensitivity it is necessary to revert or minimize damage to reproductive cells resulting from chemotherapy. It have become more frequent studies and researches for alternatives to preserve female fertility, and treatments that are more selective for cancer cells. Currently there are several options for preservation of fertility in women undergoing chemotherapy treatments.

This article aims to present an overview of the damage caused by chemotherapy ovarian function and possible options for preserving fertility in female cancer patients and prospects in oncofertilidade. A search on databases were searched for relevant articles: the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Virtual Health Library. Articles published between 1967 and 2015 on chemotherapeutic agents and their damage on female fertility was held.

Introduction

Infertility caused by genetic factors affect a large number of couples seeking treatment assisted human reproduction. The preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique used during assisted human reproduction that investigates chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in vitro embryos during different stages of development and select genetic healf embryos to the uterine implantation. Three types of biopsy may be performed in PGD: biopsy of polar cells, biopsy of blastomere and biopsy of the blastocyst in chronological order according to embryonic development.

Objective

to analyze the applicability and relevance of the PGD technique on human assisted reproduction laboratory routine and review its methodology.

Method

This article provides an overview on the technical and ethical issues involved with PGD.

Results

Many studies suggest that there is currently no detrimental effects on embryos that underwent biopsy. PGD in Brazil is seen as a tool to aid in the assisted human reproduction and presents ethical issues still under discussion.

Conclusions

The PGD respects the vision and values of the society that considers health as one of its greatest assets.

Objective

This study aims to describe the regulations of Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) and the abortion laws of Brazil, Germany, Colombia and France.

Method

A cross‐sectional qualitative study of regulations relating to assisted human reproduction and abortion in Brazil, Colombia, Germany and France between august 2014 and March 2015.

Results

For the AHR Brazil has the resolution of the Federal Council of Medicine 2013/2013, Colombia has the 1546/1998 decree for the donation of gametes, Germany and France have specific laws. Regarding the abortion law, the four countries have specific laws.

Conclusion

Considering all the regulations of AHR and abortion laws, we found that these countries are in different situations regarding the AHR and that they all have specific laws for abortion.

Introduction

The service for victims of sexual violence in health services has prioritized the global and interdisciplinary care in several areas beyond medical emergencies.

Objective

To increase understanding on the emotional experiences of patients attended at a referral center in Caxias do Sul, Brazil for caring to victims of sexual violence and women undergoing abortion provided by law.

Method

It was analyzed 23 testimonials written by content analysis concentrating on the categories: the reason for seeking treatment, the treatment in the care service, the relationship with the team and the role of family and social network after the event. Of the total, 14 are women and nine are from the family attended.

Results

Realize the potential outcomes, highlighting the favorable ratio of patients with the caretaker staff and possible weaknesses in the protocols of the interdisciplinary care team responsible for the service, emphasizing the context in which the patient enters the service still under the impact of violence or diagnosis.

Conclusion

Interdisciplinary initiatives that establish mediations in such situations are encouraged to adherence of patients to treatment protocols provided in this area.

The azoospermia is defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate by the seminal fluid man after centrifugation technique conducted in at least two samples. Given the importance of a correct diagnosis of the seminal analysis for couples, all sample no sperm present in fresh examination should follow in laboratory tests. Thus the present study aims to analyze the results of a spin rate of ejaculate or all of the ejaculate volume of patients with azoospermia to determine the best method to be used in semen analysis for this group of patients.

Introduction

The city of São Paulo is one of the main destinations of Bolivian migrant women in search of work. However, her are subjected to poor living conditions and work that make them more vulnerable to suffer violence, included sexual.

Objective

To identify sociodemographic characteristics of Bolivian migrants with pregnancy resulting from rape, met in public service reference for legal abortion.

Method

Retrospective study and documentation. Convenience sample with 38 Bolivian women who requested abortion for pregnancy resulting from rape between 2002 and 2014. The study variables were the origin of region, age, education, occupation, marital status, religion, offender classification, reporting to the police, circumstances of sexual crime and its consequences.

Results

The age ranged from 13‐34 years, mean 24.0 ± 6.3 years. Most were single (63.2%), Catholic (55.3%), working (71.1%) and incomplete primary education (28.9%), residing on the east side (44.7%). Sexual violence occurred mainly at home (26.3%) or during leisure (23.7%), perpetrated by unknown (63.2%) by physical violence and threat (39.5%). Most of the cases were referred by public health services (39.5%) carrying police report (52.6%) and mean gestational age of 12.1 weeks. Pregnancy was interrupted in 30 cases (78.9%) and the main abortion ground for refusal was gestational age ≥ 23 weeks.

Conclusions

In many ways the sexual violence against women Bolivian migrants, resemble the situations experienced by women in large urban centers addressed in public places by unknown assailants. However, the results suggest that the Bolivian migrants are more likely to rape practiced with physical violence and less able to communicate the crime to the police.

Aims

To describe epidemiological and clinical aspects of infertile patients with endometriosis.

Methods

Cross section study of 450 medical records of infertile patients with endometriosis from October, 2006 to May, 2012. Symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, pain intensity, intestinal disorders where analyzed, as well as, associated diseases and treatments. The statistical software used was Stata 11.0.

Results

The median age was 34 years. 84.2% of patients presented dysmenorrhea and 40.4% had severe pain intensity. Intestinal disorders was found in 54.4%. From the associated gynecologic diseases, 23.3% had myoma. Metabolic disease was found in 8.4% among the diseases in treatment.

Discussion

It is known that dysmenorrhea is the most prevalent symptom in women with endometriosis, as well as intestinal disorders, that can be found between 6% and 30% women with severe endometriosis. Other studies have demonstrated the relationship of estrogen‐dependent disease and women with endometrial endometriosis with aromatase enzyme P450 CYP19 mutations; which generate a hyperestrogenic environment, contributing to the development of polyps and myomas. The profile of these patients was traced as being in the fourth decade of life, with predominantly primary infertility with prevalent symptoms of severe dysmenorrhea and association with polyps and myomas.