Results in Earth Sciences最新文献_第5页

3D modeling of source and reservoir rock characteristics in key oil and gas fields, Gippsland Basin, Southern Australia 南澳大利亚Gippsland盆地重点油气田源储岩特征三维建模

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100112

Kamalia Norjannah Kamalrulzaman , Mohamed Ragab Shalaby , Md Aminul Islam

Despite extensive hydrocarbon production from the Gippsland Basin, limited integrated 3D modeling studies have comparatively assessed the structural, geochemical, and petrophysical variations between the Kingfish and Volador formations across oil- and gas-producing fields. This gap hampers accurate reservoir characterization and development strategies. To address this, a comparative 3D modeling analysis was conducted on the Kingfish and Volador formations in the Kingfish Oil and Kipper Gas fields, Gippsland Basin, Australia. Structural analysis revealed NW-SE trending steep faults (70–72°) in the Kingfish Field and shallower WNW-ESE faults (62.5–65°) in the Kipper Field. Facies models indicated similar stratigraphic successions, with upper high-energy sandstones transitioning to organic-rich shales at the base. Geochemical analysis showed the Kingfish Formation has TOC of 1.0–12.0 wt%, HI of 120–140 mg HC/g TOC, and higher maturity (Tmax 422–430 °C; % VR 0.50–0.52 %), consistent with deeper burial. In contrast, the Volador Formation has TOC of 2.0–6.0 wt%, higher HI (150–210 mg HC/g TOC), but lower maturity (Tmax 422.5–428 °C; % VR 0.48–0.49 %). Petrophysical results showed superior reservoir quality in the Volador Formation, with porosity of 10–25 %, permeability up to 10 mD, low clay volume (0–25 %), and water saturation of 50–100 %. The Kingfish Formation displayed more variable porosity (2.5–22.5 %), lower permeability (<10 mD), higher clay content (2.5–55 %), and water saturation of 40–95 %. Limited data from deeper Kingfish sections highlight the need for further exploration

尽管Gippsland盆地生产了大量的油气，但有限的集成3D建模研究已经比较评估了Kingfish和Volador地层在油气生产领域的结构、地球化学和岩石物理变化。这种差距阻碍了准确的储层描述和开发策略。为了解决这个问题，研究人员对澳大利亚Gippsland盆地Kingfish Oil and Kipper气田的Kingfish和Volador地层进行了对比3D建模分析。构造分析显示，Kingfish油田为NW-SE走向的陡断层（70 ~ 72°），Kipper油田为WNW-ESE走向的浅断层（62.5 ~ 65°）。相模式显示了相似的地层序列，上部高能砂岩向底部富有机质页岩过渡。地球化学分析表明，Kingfish组TOC值为1.0 ~ 12.0 wt%， HI值为120 ~ 140 mg HC/g TOC，成熟度较高(Tmax 422 ~ 430℃；% VR 0.50-0.52 %)，与深部埋深一致。相比之下，Volador组TOC值为2.0 ~ 6.0 wt%， HI值较高（150 ~ 210 mg HC/g TOC），但成熟度较低(Tmax为422.5 ~ 428℃；% vr 0.48-0.49 %)。岩石物理结果表明，Volador组储层质量优越，孔隙度为10 - 25 %，渗透率高达10 mD，粘土体积低（0-25 %），含水饱和度为50-100 %。Kingfish组孔隙度变化较大（2.5 ~ 22.5 %），渗透率较低（<10 mD），粘土含量较高（2.5 ~ 55 %），含水饱和度为40 ~ 95 %。Kingfish深层剖面的有限数据凸显了进一步勘探的必要性

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引用次数: 0

Hydro-geophysical investigation of groundwater resources potential in Dashti-e-Archi alluvial aquifer, Northeastern Afghanistan 阿富汗东北部Dashti-e-Archi冲积含水层地下水资源潜力的水文地球物理调查

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100113

Rohullah Sediqi , Mansoor Mudaser , Vladimir B. Zalishchak , Abdulhalim Zaryab

Groundwater is the primary source of water for drinking, domestic use, and agricultural in northern Afghanistan. However, due to over four decades of political instability, the region’s groundwater resources remain poorly understood. Identifying optimal locations for water supply schemes considering both quantity and quality is further complicated by the widespread presence of fine-grained materials. This study employed vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger configuration in the village of Arbab Rahim Dolat Zai, located in the Dasht-e-Archi district of Kunduz Province. The VES data were interpreted using IPI2Win and ZONDIP1D software. Among the surveyed sites, only the VES1 was identified as optimal, enabling consistent drilling penetration through all five geo-electric layers. Of the five strata, the fourth located at depths of 33–120 ± 10 m and composed primarily of sand, silt and gravel interbedded with clay were recognized as the principal aquifers. These findings were corroborated by lithological logs, validating the reliability of the geophysical interpretations. Additionally, the Thiem and Dupuit equations were applied to analyses steady-state groundwater flow, facilitating the estimation of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The results provide valuable insights to support policymakers and engineers in the sustainable and effectively management groundwater resources in northern Afghanistan.

地下水是阿富汗北部饮用水、家庭用水和农业用水的主要来源。然而，由于40多年的政治不稳定，该地区的地下水资源仍然知之甚少。考虑到数量和质量，确定供水方案的最佳位置由于细颗粒材料的广泛存在而变得更加复杂。该研究在Kunduz省Dasht-e-Archi地区的Arbab Rahim Dolat Zai村使用了斯伦贝谢配置的垂直电测深（VES）。利用IPI2Win和ZONDIP1D软件对VES数据进行解释。在调查的地点中，只有VES1被认为是最佳的，可以在所有五个地电层中实现一致的钻进。其中，位于33 ~ 120 ± 10 m的第4层为主要含水层，主要由砂、粉、砾石与粘土互层构成。这些发现被岩性测井证实，验证了地球物理解释的可靠性。此外，将Thiem和Dupuit方程应用于稳态地下水流分析，便于水力传导性和透水率的估算。研究结果为政策制定者和工程师可持续有效地管理阿富汗北部地下水资源提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Application of micropaleontological and chemostratigraphic analyses: Insight into depositional environment and hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria 微古生物学和化学地层学分析的应用：对尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲盆地沉积环境和油气远景的洞察

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100111

N.S. Igbinigie, G.O. Aigbadon

The Niger Delta Basin, one of the world's most prolific hydrocarbon provinces, presents significant challenges in stratigraphic correlation and reservoir characterisation due to its structural and depositional complexities. This study presents an integrated analysis of the Miocene sediments that penetrated the NS-2 well in Leuma Field, Coastal Swamp Depobelt. The research integrates micropaleontological, palynological, and chemostratigraphic data, which was lacking in the study area to interpret the depositional environments and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the studied interval. A total of 102 ditch-cutting samples were analysed for lithofacies characteristics, foraminiferal assemblages, palynomorph distributions, and geochemical compositions. Lithofacies analysis reveals alternating sandy and shaly intervals, indicative of a transitional to paralic environment associated with deltaic and shallow marine settings. Micropaleontological data highlight the dominance of benthic foraminifera, including Uvigerina subperegrina and Lenticulina grandis, supporting shallow marine depositional conditions with intermittent marine incursions. Palynological results reveal a humid tropical paleoclimate, characterised by mangrove pollen such as Zonocostites ramonae and Acrostichum aureum, contributing to organic-rich sediments. Chemostratigraphic analysis indicates high SiO₂ concentrations (up to 90.4 %) in sandy intervals, suggesting high-energy depositional settings, while elevated trace elements in shales reflect low-energy, reducing conditions. These findings reflect the interplay of climatic oscillations, tectonics, and sea-level fluctuations in shaping the stratigraphy and hydrocarbon systems of the study area. The results demonstrate a favourable petroleum system characterised by organic-rich source rocks, high-quality reservoirs, and effective traps, enhancing the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Agbada Formation in the NS-2 well in the study area of the basin.

尼日尔三角洲盆地是世界上油气最丰富的地区之一，由于其构造和沉积的复杂性，在地层对比和储层表征方面面临着巨大的挑战。本文对滨海沼泽沉积带Leuma油田NS-2井中新世沉积物进行了综合分析。结合研究区缺乏的微体古生物学、孢粉学和化学地层学资料，对研究层段的沉积环境和油气远景进行了解释。对102个割沟样品进行了岩相特征、有孔虫组合、孢型分布和地球化学组成分析。岩相分析显示砂质和泥质相间，表明其过渡到与三角洲和浅海环境相关的海陆环境。微体古生物资料强调了底栖有孔虫的优势，包括Uvigerina subperegrina和Lenticulina grandis，支持间歇性海洋入侵的浅海沉积条件。孢粉学结果揭示了一个湿润的热带古气候，以红树花粉为特征，如雷蒙带孢粉和金顶孢粉，形成了富含有机物的沉积物。化学地层分析表明，砂质层段SiO₂浓度高（高达90.4 %），表明高能沉积环境，而页岩中微量元素含量升高反映了低能量、还原条件。这些发现反映了气候振荡、构造和海平面波动在形成研究区地层和油气系统方面的相互作用。结果表明，研究区具有富有机质烃源岩、优质储层和有效圈闭的有利油气系统，提高了研究区NS-2井Agbada组油气远景。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 结合基于gis的AHP和地下水质量评价，划定了印度尼西亚西努沙登加拉Rontu流域的地下水潜力区

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100110

Pascalia Vinca Alvando , Dede Rohmat , Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat , Dasapta Erwin Irawan , Abdullah Husna , Wendi Harjupa , Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat , Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman

This study investigates the spatial distribution and quality of groundwater in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The analysis combines Geographic Information System (GIS)-based modeling with hydrochemical analysis. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to generate a Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) map based on seven weighted parameters: geology, geomorphology, soil texture, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), lineament density, and drainage density. Sensitivity analysis revealed that slope and lithology significantly influence groundwater potential, as evident in the weighting scheme. Areas with mild topography (0°–12°) and lowland alluvial zones were found to be favorable for infiltration. The resulting GWPZ map classified the watershed into five categories, with high to very high potential zones concentrated in the northern and central parts and low potential zones found predominantly in the southeast. The high potential zone covers approximately 21 % of the study area, while the very high zone accounts for around 10 %. Groundwater quality was assessed through field measurements and laboratory analyses of physicochemical parameters, including TDS, EC, DO, pH, temperature, and major ions. Results indicate that several lowland and coastal areas exhibit elevated levels of TDS, sodium, and sulfate, which exceed national drinking water standards, potentially due to seawater intrusion and anthropogenic influence. Major ion composition further supports this finding, with dominant ion sequences of Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ and Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻. Despite this, most groundwater sources remain within sanitation quality limits. This study provides a replicable tool for groundwater development in data-limited, urbanizing regions.

本研究调查了印尼西努沙登加拉省Rontu流域地下水的空间分布和水质。该分析将基于地理信息系统（GIS）的建模与水化学分析相结合。基于地质、地貌、土壤质地、坡度、土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）、地形密度、排水密度等7个加权参数，采用层次分析法（AHP）绘制了地下水潜势带（GWPZ）图。敏感性分析表明，边坡和岩性对地下水潜力有显著影响，这在加权方案中得到了体现。温和地形（0°-12°）和低地冲积带有利于入渗。由此绘制的GWPZ图将流域划分为5类，高至极高潜力区集中在北部和中部，低潜力区主要分布在东南部。高电位区约占研究区域的21. %，而极高电位区约占10. %。通过实地测量和实验室理化参数分析来评估地下水质量，包括TDS、EC、DO、pH、温度和主要离子。结果表明，一些低地和沿海地区的TDS、钠和硫酸盐水平升高，超过了国家饮用水标准，可能是由于海水入侵和人为影响。主要的离子组成进一步支持了这一发现，Na⁺>； Ca²+ >； K⁺和Cl⁻>； SO₄²⁻>； NO₃⁻。尽管如此，大多数地下水资源仍在卫生质量限制之内。这项研究为数据有限的城市化地区的地下水开发提供了一个可复制的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of reservoir-induced crustal motion study of Koyna-Warna & Tehri Dam 库纳-瓦尔纳-特赫里大坝水库诱发地壳运动研究对比

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100108

Anshul Panwar , Kamal , Cyril Shaju

Earthquake triggering is a phenomenon characterized by the advancement or delay of the initial occurrence of an earthquake in nearby or distant locations. This study investigates reservoir-triggered seismicity in two geographically contrasting regions: the Koyna-Warna region, Maharashtra, and the Tehri region, Uttarakhand. The primary objectives of this research are to determine whether the earthquake occurrence process is uniform or distinct for local (areas that are in close proximity to the source of seismic activity. This would include areas directly surrounding the Dam and the reservoir within −50 km range) and remote regions (areas farther away from the source of seismic activity. This would include locations at a considerable distance from the Dam, ranging beyond 50 km) and to examine variations in reservoir-triggered seismicity between the two dams as mentioned earlier. Additionally, we aim to elucidate the precise triggering mechanism, which involves alterations in the stress field at proximate and distant locations. This study also explores the impact of sinusoidal loading of the water cycle within the dam on the triggered seismicity of the specified region. Furthermore, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the b-value, a seismic parameter, for both regions over the past four decades. This paper consists of results necessary for comparing the induced seismicity of the Koyna and Tehri dams by calculating the effect of a sinusoidal load of the water cycle on the frequency of earthquakes occurring in the nearby region. It has shown that reservoir-induced seismicity is predominant in the case of Koyna-Warna—however, the worry for reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS) is still speculated in the Tehri region.

地震触发是一种现象，其特征是地震在附近或远处的初始发生提前或延迟。本研究调查了两个地理上截然不同的地区的水库引发的地震活动：马哈拉施特拉邦的Koyna-Warna地区和北阿坎德邦的Tehri地区。本研究的主要目的是确定地震发生过程是均匀的还是不同的局部地区，在接近地震活动的来源。这将包括大坝和水库周边- 50 公里范围内的地区和偏远地区（远离地震活动源的地区）。这将包括距离大坝相当远的地方，范围超过50 公里)，并检查前面提到的两座大坝之间水库引发的地震活动的变化。此外，我们的目标是阐明精确的触发机制，这涉及到近地和远地应力场的变化。本研究还探讨了大坝内水循环的正弦载荷对指定区域触发地震活动性的影响。此外，我们还对这两个地区过去40年的地震参数b值进行了比较分析。本文通过计算水循环的正弦荷载对附近地区发生地震频率的影响，包括比较Koyna和Tehri大坝诱发地震活动性所必需的结果。研究表明，在koyna - warna地区，水库诱发的地震活动占主导地位，然而，在Tehri地区，人们仍然担心水库引发的地震活动。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the constraints to the correct application of tilt derivative operation to a vertical prism in gravity data processing 在重力数据处理中，倾斜导数操作对垂直棱镜正确应用的限制

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100107

Oluwatimilehin B. Balogun , Obafemi E. Bilesanmi , Mohamed Metwaly , Oluwatosin F. Akerele , Odunayo T. Ojo , Oluwaseyi A. Dasho

Analytical simulation of a buried 3D vertical square prism with known density contrast, depth to the top of the buried body, thickness and cross-section area has been done, and tilt angle derivative enhancement operation has been applied to the data in order to establish the constraints that could impede the correct application of tilt derivative operation on gravity data. From the tilt derivative map generated for the data, the distances between contours “-45° to + 45°” and “-30° to + 30°” were used to estimate the depth to the bottom and top of the prism respectively. Where the depth estimates differ significantly from the depth values used for the simulation, the grid size was varied until estimated depth values that were in good agreement with the simulated depths were gotten. By revealing that estimated depth values from the tilt derivative operation will not be accurate when the simulated depth to the top or bottom of the buried body is too small or large compared with the grid size, the results enshrined the importance of optimum grid size on the accuracy of the result. The optimum grid size for the research was found to be between 6.6 and 10 times the depth of burial. Based on the analytical simulation, the research concluded that depth estimate results obtained from the tilt derivative analysis of gravity data is only accurate when the grid size of data sample is between 6.6 and 10 times the depth of burial of the target. The best result was obtained when the grid size of data sample is about 7.5 times the depth of burial.

对已知密度对比、埋体顶深、厚度和横截面积的埋地三维垂直方形棱镜进行了解析模拟，并对数据进行了倾斜导数增强运算，建立了影响倾斜导数运算在重力数据上正确应用的约束条件。从为数据生成的倾斜导数图中，分别使用“-45°至+ 45°”和“-30°至+ 30°”等高线之间的距离来估计到棱镜底部和顶部的深度。当深度估计值与模拟使用的深度值有明显差异时，改变网格大小，直到得到与模拟深度非常一致的估计深度值。通过揭示当模拟到埋体顶部或底部的深度与网格尺寸相比过小或过大时，倾斜导数操作估计的深度值将不准确，结果表明了最佳网格尺寸对结果精度的重要性。研究发现，网格的最佳尺寸是埋深的6.6到10倍。通过分析仿真，研究得出重力数据倾斜导数分析得到的深度估计结果只有在数据样本网格尺寸为目标埋深的6.6 ~ 10倍时才准确。当数据样本的网格尺寸约为埋深的7.5倍时，得到的结果最好。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid statistical-algorithmic approach using the frog algorithm to optimize blast patterns for reducing blast vibrations 混合统计-算法方法，使用青蛙算法优化爆破模式，以减少爆破振动

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100109

Abbas Khajouei Sirjani , Farhang Sereshki , Mohammad Ataei , Manoj Khandelwal , Hojatollah Mohammadi Anayi , Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mousavi Nasab , Mohammad Amiri Hosseini

This study introduces an innovative approach to predict and mitigate blast-induced vibrations by optimizing blast patterns. By combining a statistical model with the frog algorithm, the method achieves enhanced accuracy and efficiency. Addressing a notable gap in blast engineering, this research uniquely integrates statistical models and optimization algorithms for vibration control. Data from 58 blasting events at Golgohar Iron Ore Mine No. 1 were utilized, with 40 datasets used for model training and 18 reserved for independent evaluation. In the prediction phase, four statistical and four AI-based models were developed to estimate peak particle velocity (PPV). Classical evaluation metrics, including R, R², RMSE, MAPE, MAD, and MSE, were applied to identify the best model. The multivariable linear regression model demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving R = 0.94, R² = 0.925, and low error metrics. Following this, the optimization phase employed the multivariable linear regression model as the objective function, integrated with the frog algorithm, to minimize PPV. Several models were developed to assess the influence of algorithmic parameters under the specific conditions of the mine. The results provide a reliable and practical methodology for predicting PPV and optimizing blast patterns, effectively reducing ground vibrations. This straightforward approach offers significant utility for pre-blasting planning and contributes to the advancement of sustainable and efficient blasting practices.

本研究介绍了一种创新的方法，通过优化爆炸模式来预测和减轻爆炸引起的振动。该方法将统计模型与青蛙算法相结合，提高了准确率和效率。该研究独特地将统计模型与振动控制优化算法相结合，解决了爆炸工程中一个显著的空白。利用Golgohar铁矿1号矿58个爆破事件的数据，其中40个数据集用于模型训练，18个数据集用于独立评价。在预测阶段，建立了4个统计模型和4个基于人工智能的模型来估计峰值粒子速度（PPV）。采用经典评价指标，包括R、R²、RMSE、MAPE、MAD和MSE，以确定最佳模型。多变量线性回归模型具有较好的准确性，R = 0.94,R²= 0.925，误差指标低。随后，优化阶段采用多变量线性回归模型作为目标函数，结合青蛙算法，实现PPV的最小化。建立了几个模型来评估算法参数在矿山具体条件下的影响。结果为预测PPV和优化爆破模式提供了可靠实用的方法，有效地减少了地面振动。这种直接的方法为爆破前规划提供了重要的实用价值，并有助于推进可持续和高效的爆破实践。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-index detection of rainfall trends and climate shifts in urban tropical kinshasa (1991–2023) 1991-2023年热带金沙萨城市降水趋势和气候变化的多指标探测

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100106

Vithundwa Richard Posite , Bayongwa Samuel Ahana , Cherifa Abdelbaki , Mohamed Saber , Emad Habib , LY Aliousseyni , Awoke Guadie

Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is increasingly vulnerable to climate-induced rainfall extremes that threaten urban resilience. This study analyzes daily precipitation data over a 33-year period (1991–2023) using a suite of rainfall indices, including those developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), alongside the Mann-Kendall trend test, to assess changes in rainfall intensity, frequency, duration, and extremes. Among the examined indices, Extremely Wet Days (EWD) and the Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII) exhibited statistically significant positive trends. EWD showed a marked increase (Z = 2.657, p = 0.007), peaking at 15 days in 2020, the highest in the record, indicating a growing frequency of intense rainfall events. SDII also showed a significant rise (Z = 2.866, p = 0.004), suggesting intensification in daily rainfall amounts. Although the upward trend in annual total rainfall (PRCPTOT) was not statistically significant, it supports the overall pattern of increasing wetness. These findings underscore a rising risk of flash flooding and highlight the urgent need for adaptive water management strategies, early warning systems, and climate-resilient infrastructure planning in Kinshasa. The study provides vital evidence to inform policy and urban planning across tropical African cities.

刚果民主共和国首都金沙萨越来越容易受到气候引起的极端降雨的影响，这威胁到城市的恢复能力。本研究使用一系列降雨指数（包括气候变化探测和指数专家组（ETCCDI）开发的降雨指数）和Mann-Kendall趋势检验，分析了33年（1991-2023）期间的日降水数据，以评估降雨强度、频率、持续时间和极端事件的变化。极端湿日数（edd）和简单日强度指数（SDII）呈显著上升趋势。EWD显著增加（Z = 2.657,p = 0.007），在2020年达到峰值15 d，为有记录以来的最高，表明强降水事件频率增加。SDII也显著上升（Z = 2.866,p = 0.004），表明日降雨量增强。尽管年总降雨量（PRCPTOT）的上升趋势在统计上不显著，但它支持了湿度增加的总体格局。这些调查结果强调了山洪暴发的风险不断上升，并强调了金沙萨迫切需要适应性水管理战略、早期预警系统和气候适应型基础设施规划。这项研究为热带非洲城市的政策和城市规划提供了重要证据。

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引用次数: 0

Flood hazard zonation using remote sensing, geographic information system, and analytic hierarchy process in the Bhagirathi River Basin, Uttarakhand, India 基于遥感、地理信息系统和层次分析法的印度北阿坎德邦Bhagirathi河流域洪水灾害区划

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100105

Aditya Kumar Varma, Anurag Dhote, Aneesh Mathew, Chinthu Naresh, Padala Raja Shekar

Floods are seen as a substantial environmental hazard. A flood hazard map is a crucial tool for evaluating regions vulnerable to flooding. This study seeks to identify flood-prone regions along the Bhagirathi River in the Uttarkashi and Tehri Garhwal districts of Uttarakhand. A hybrid approach utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), in conjunction with the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) Process, was implemented to delineate flood hazard zones within the study area. Seven parameters were selected for this purpose: drainage density, precipitation, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), distance from the river, soil type, and topographic wetness index (TWI). The thematic maps of the parameters were reclassified after ranks were assigned to different classes. AHP was employed to construct a pairwise comparison matrix for all parameters to ascertain the relative weight of each parameter. A weighted overlay analysis was performed by combining reclassified thematic layers with their respective AHP-derived weights to generate the flood hazard map (FHM) for the study area. The output is divided into five distinct flooding hazard zones: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The precision of these classifications was confirmed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) and Area Under the Curve (AUC). The findings revealed that the accuracy rate for AHP was 66.8 %. The study's findings can serve as a convenient resource to aid in the management and reduction of rescue operations on the banks of the Bhagirathi.

洪水被视为严重的环境危害。洪水灾害图是评估易受洪水影响地区的重要工具。这项研究旨在确定北阿坎德邦Uttarkashi和Tehri Garhwal地区的Bhagirathi河沿岸的洪水易发地区。利用遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）结合层次分析法（AHP）的混合方法，在研究区内划定洪水危险区。为此选择了7个参数：排水密度、降水、坡度、土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）、与河流的距离、土壤类型和地形湿度指数（TWI）。在将等级分配给不同的类别后，对参数的主题图进行重新分类。采用层次分析法构建各参数的两两比较矩阵，确定各参数的相对权重。将重新分类的主题层与其各自的ahp权重相结合，进行加权叠加分析，生成研究区域的洪水灾害图（FHM）。产量被划分为五个不同的洪水危险区：非常高、高、中等、低和非常低。采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）和曲线下面积（AUC）证实了这些分类的准确性。结果表明，AHP的准确率为66.8% %。这项研究的结果可以作为一种方便的资源，帮助管理和减少对巴吉拉蒂河岸的救援行动。

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引用次数: 0

GOD - and DRASTIC - based valuation of groundwater vulnerability to contamination of hinterland aquifers of northern part of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria 基于GOD和DRASTIC方法对尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州北部内陆含水层地下水易受污染程度的评价

Results in Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rines.2025.100104

Emem O. Ikpe , Aniekan M. Ekanem , Nyakno J. George , Jewel E. Thomas , Ndifreke I. Udosen

There are growing worries over groundwater contamination globally. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability to contamination in the northern part of Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria through the application of the GOD and DRASTIC models in conjunction with the surface electrical resistivity method. The results from the VES data interpretation acquired at 55 communities in the study region were utilized to appraise the groundwater vulnerability to contamination in the region. A maximum of 4 earth layers comprising sequence of sands (fine, coarse and gravelly sands) with minor clay intercalations were revealed by the sounding results. The aquifer layer exists at a depth ranging from 1.0 to 47.8 m and has a thickness of 18.6–102.7 m. The GOD model results show five groundwater vulnerability to contamination gradings (GWCG): very low (18 %), low (25 %), average (16 %), high (29 %) and very high (11 %). The DRASTIC model results identity three GWCGs: low (33 %), moderate (62 %) and high (5 %). The sensitivity analysis of the DRASTIC model reveals that the depth to the groundwater and hydraulic conductivity parameters have the greatest and least influence respectively on the GWCGs. The GWCG maps produced based on the GOD and DRASTIC models seems to show some degree of correlation and the respective grading areas are well demarcated. It is adjudged from these maps that the groundwater vulnerability to contamination grading is low, moderate and high respectively and these grading areas are well delineated on the maps. These outcomes provide a useful baseline data on groundwater contamination in the area which is essential for efficient and sustainable groundwater utilization in the region and other places with comparable geology.

全球对地下水污染的担忧日益加剧。本研究的主要目的是通过结合地表电阻率法应用GOD和DRASTIC模型来评估尼日利亚南部阿夸伊博姆州北部地下水对污染的脆弱性。利用研究区55个社区的VES数据解释结果，对研究区地下水污染脆弱性进行了评价。探测结果显示，砂岩层数最多为4层，由细砂、粗砂和砾石砂组成，并伴有少量粘土夹层。含水层存在深度为1.0 ~ 47.8 m，厚度为18.6 ~ 102.7 m。GOD模型结果显示地下水易受污染等级（GWCG）为：极低（18 %）、低（25 %）、平均（16 %）、高（29 %）和极高（11 %）。DRASTIC模型结果确定了三个gwcg：低（33 %）、中（62 %）和高（5 %）。DRASTIC模型的敏感性分析表明，地下水深度和导电性参数分别对gwcg的影响最大和最小。基于GOD和DRASTIC模型生成的GWCG图似乎显示出一定程度的相关性，并且各自的分级区域划分得很好。从这些图中可以判断出地下水的污染易损性等级分别为低、中、高，并在图上较好地圈定了这些等级区域。这些结果为该地区地下水污染提供了有用的基线数据，这对于该地区和其他具有类似地质条件的地方有效和可持续地利用地下水至关重要。

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